4/6/2009

Watershed Application
using ArcGIS
Agus Wibowo
MSc in IT for NRM
Bogor Agricultural University
e mail: aw3126@yahoo.com
e-mail: aw3126@yahoo com

Aplikasi GIS untuk “Watershed”

• Menentukan batas DAS / watershed

boundaries
• Menentukan distribusi curah hujan di DAS
o Polygon Thiessen
o Isohyet

1
 4/6/2009

Data Used

• Data Digital Elevation NASA Shuttle Radar

Topography Mission (SRTM)
• Dapat di-download di http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/
• Tersedia Data SRTM 90m Version 4

Website Data SRTM

2
 4/6/2009

Search Data SRTM

3. Click untuk mencari data

1. Pilih format data

2. Click lokasi data

Download Data

Click untuk download

Data hasil download

3
 4/6/2009

Software:
ArcGIS Desktop + Spatial Analyst Tools

Watershed Delineation

• Creating a depressionless DEM

• Flow direction
• Flow Accumulation
• Stream network/line
• Stream link
• Stream order
• Delineating watersheds

Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

4
 4/6/2009

Add Data to ArcMap - 1

• Ekstrak Zip file data hasil

download
• Start ArcMap
• Aktifkan ArcToolbox
• Click menuConversion tools
→ ASCII to raster

Add Data to ArcMap - 2

• Input: ..\srtm_58_14\srtm_58_14.ASC
• Output: ..\SRTM_v4\jabar_dem
• Output data type: INTEGER
• Click OK

5
 4/6/2009

Add Data to ArcMap - 3

Ubah Symbology Peta

Double Click Layer

y

Pilih jenis Color Ramp

Click untuk
membalik urutan warna

6
 4/6/2009

Cropping Data DEM

• Gunakan ArcToolBox →
Spatial Analyst Tools →
Extraction
• Untuk ekstraksi
berdasar luasan misal
poligon batas admin
Jawa Barat gunakan
Extract by Mask. Buat
raster poligon batas
admin Jabar terlebih
dahulu.

Buat Mask Batas Admin Jabar

• Pilih poligon Jabar

o Load batas admin
Indo_prop.shp
o Select Jawa Barat
• Konversi Poligon ke
raster
o Gunakan Arctoolbox
o Conversion tools → To
Raster → Polygon to
Raster
Atur ukuran sel
0.001 (10 m)

7
 4/6/2009

Extract by Mask / Cropping

• Gunakan menu
Arctoolbox
• Spatial Analyst Tools
→ Extraction → Extract
by Mask

Hasil Extract by Mask

•Spatial Analyst
Overview of Hydrology Tools
• Basin: Creates a raster delineating all drainage basins within the Analysis window.
• Fill: Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data.
• Flow Accumulation: Creates a raster of accumulated flow to each cell by accumulating the weight
for all cells that flow into each downslope cell.
• Flow Direction: Creates a grid of flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor.
• Flow Length: Calculates upstream or downstream distance along a flow path for each cell.
• Sink: Creates a grid identifying all sinks or areas of internal drainage.
• Snap Pour Point: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a
specified neighborhood.
• SnapPour: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified
neighborhood.
• Stream Link: Assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between intersections.
• Stream Order: Assigns a numeric order to segments of a grid representing branches of a linear
network.
• Stream To Feature: Converts a raster representing a raster linear network to a feature class.
• StreamShape: Converts a grid representing a raster linear network to a shapefile.
• Watershed: Determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a grid grid.

8
 4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation

• Creating a depressionless DEM

• Flow direction
• Flow Accumulation
• Stream network/line
• (Map Algebra)
• Stream link
• Stream order
• Delineating watersheds
Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

•Creating a depressionless DEM - 1

• Sink dan Peak terjadi

resolusi data atau
pembuatan nilai
integer
• Sink dan peak harus
dihilangkan, jika tidak
maka delineasi
jarinagn drainase
tidak kontinyu.

9
 4/6/2009

•Creating a depressionless DEM - 2

• Arctoolbox → Spatial
Analyst Tools→
Hydrology → Fill DEM h
hasilil
• Waktu: 4 menit (Core 2
duo 2.33 GHz, RAM
4GB)

Create Flow Direction

• Nilai cell antara 1-255

• Menentukan arah aliran air • Contoh untuk illustrasi
• Evaluasi 3 x 3 cell,
cell berhenti
pada tengah cell dan
evaluasi dengan nilai cell
tetangganya.
• Jika arah aliran ke utara
maka nilai cell tengah diganti
dengan cell tsb.

10
 4/6/2009

Compute Flow Direction

• ArctoolBox → Spatial
Analyst Tools → Flow Hasil Flow Direction
Direction
• Waktu: 30 detik

Compute Flow Accumulation

• Untuk menentukan
jaringan sungai
• Waktu: 1' 6” Hasil Flow Accumulation

11
 4/6/2009

Extract Stream Network - 1

• Ubah symbology peta

FlowAccumulation
menjadi classified
dengan 5 klas secara
Natural Breaks.
• Maka akan terlihat
angka treshold
jaringan sungai.

Extract Stream Network - 2

• ArctoolBox → Spatial
Analyst Tools → Map
Algebra → Single
Output Map ALgebra

12
 4/6/2009

Stream Link

Stream Order

• Metode:

13
 4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation
• Watershed Outlet / • Add “pour” point pada
“Pour” Points pertemua cabang
• Create shapefiles sungai
sungai.
(point) using
ArcCatalog

Pour Point
• Buat “pour” point sesuai kebutuhan

14
 4/6/2009

Watershed Delineation

• Hasil kurang bagus,

perlu pour point yang
banyak.

Automatic Basin Delineation

• Secara otomatis delineasi
basin / watershed area
untuk seluruh data.
• ArctoolBox → Spatial
Analyst Tools → Hydrologi
→ Basin

15
 4/6/2009

Compute Flow Length

• Flow length is the • ArcToolBox → Spatial

distance travelled Analyst Tools →
from any cell along Hydrology → Flow
the surface flow Length
network to an outlet.
This can be used to
find areas that are
closer to headwater
locations or closer to
stream outlets.

Hasil Flow Length

16
 4/6/2009

Hillshade
• Untuk memberi efek tampilan 3D
• Arctoolbox → Spatial Analyst Tools → Surface → Hillshade
• Overlay dengan Flowlenght dengan transparancy 35%

Referensi

• ArcGIS Desktop Help

• Hydrologic
y g Modeling g and Watershed
Delineationhttp://courses.washington.edu/esrm590/lessons/hydrology/index.
html
• SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data
• http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/
• Data Batas Administrasi, jaringan jalan, lokasi kota, http://neonet.bppt.go.id

17