“Electrochemistry”

Kode MK: MT1229

Presented by:
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material and Metallurgical Engineering
Email: nita@itk.ac.id, Hp: +6282227695666
 Why Study Electrochemistry?

Batteries
Corrosion
Industrial production
of chemicals such as
Cl2, NaOH, F2 and Al
Biological redox
reactions

The heme group

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Sel Elektrokimia:
1. Sel Volta / Sel Galvani 2. Sel Elektrolisis
Reaksi Spontan (Ciri: Reaksi Tidak Spontan
Reaksi Redoks, E0 (Ciri: E0 negatif)
positif Energi listrik ke energi
Energi kimia ke energi kimia
listrik Katoda (-)
Katoda (+) Anoda (+)
Anoda (-) Contoh: pemurnian,
Contoh: Sel aki, penyepuhan logam
baterai (sel kering)
Penyepuhan emas (Au), maka
dicari E0 sell dibawah Au, reaksi:
Au2+ + 2e Au

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 “Volta/Galvanic Cell”
Kode MK: 1229

Presented by:
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material and Metallurgical Engineering
Email: nita@itk.ac.id, Hp: +6282227695666
 Basic Concepts
of Electrochemical Cells
wire

e le c t r o n s

Zn salt
bridge Cu

Zn 2+ ions Cu 2+ ions

Anode Cathode

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 CHEMICAL CHANGE --->
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Zn metal
With time, Cu plates out
onto Zn metal strip, and Zn
strip “disappears.”
Cu2+ ions

•Zn is oxidized and is the reducing agent

Zn(s) ---> Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
•Cu2+ is reduced and is the oxidizing agent
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ---> Cu(s)
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 CHEMICAL CHANGE --->
ELECTRIC CURRENT
•To obtain a useful wire

elect rons
current, we separate the
Zn salt
Cu
oxidizing and reducing bridge

agents so that electron

transfer occurs thru an Zn2+ ions Cu2+ ions
external wire.

This is accomplished in a GALVANIC or

VOLTAIC cell.
A group of such cells is called a
battery.
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Zn --> Zn2+ + 2e-
wire Cu2+ + 2e- --> Cu

elect rons
Oxidation Reduction
Anode
Negative Zn salt
bridge Cu Cathode
Positive

<--Anions
Cations--> RED CAT

Zn2+ ions Cu2+ ions

•Electrons travel thru external wire.

•Salt bridge allows anions and cations to move
between electrode compartments.
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
Terms Used for Voltaic
Cells

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 wire

e le c t r o n s

Zn salt
bridge Cu CELL POTENTIAL, E
Zn 2+ ions Cu 2+ ions

• For Zn/Cu cell, potential is +1.10 V at 25 ˚C and when

[Zn2+] and [Cu2+] = 1.0 M.
• This is the STANDARD CELL POTENTIAL, Eo
• —a quantitative measure of the tendency of reactants
to proceed to products when all are in their standard
states at 25 ˚C.

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Calculating Cell Voltage

• Balanced half-reactions can be added

together to get overall, balanced equation.
Zn(s) ---> Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ---> Cu(s)
--------------------------------------------
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) ---> Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

If we know Eo for each half-reaction, we could

get Eo for net reaction.

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 TABLE OF STANDARD
REDUCTION POTENTIALS
oxidizing
ability of ion Eo (V)

Cu2+ + 2e- Cu +0.34

2 H+ + 2e- H 0.00

Zn2+ + 2e- Zn -0.76

To determine an oxidation from a
reduction table, just take the opposite
sign of the reduction!
reducing ability
of element Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Zn/Cu Electrochemical Cell
wire

elect rons +
Zn salt
bridge Cu
Anode, Cathode,
negative, positive,
source of sink for
Zn2+ ions Cu2+ ions
electrons electrons
Zn(s) ---> Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Eo = +0.76 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ---> Cu(s) Eo = +0.34 V
---------------------------------------------------------------
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) ---> Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
Eo = +1.10 V
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Eo for a Voltaic Cell

Volts

Cd Salt Bridge Fe

Cd2+ Fe2+

Cd --> Cd2+ + 2e- Fe --> Fe2+ + 2e-

or or
Cd2+ + 2e- --> Cd Fe2+ + 2e- --> Fe
All ingredients are present. Which way does reaction proceed?
Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 Eo for a Voltaic Cell
From the table, you see
Volts
• Fe is a better reducing
Cd Salt Bridge Fe agent than Cd
• Cd2+ is a better oxidizing
agent than Fe2+
Cd2+ Fe2+

Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si

Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id
 More About
Calculating Cell Voltage
Assume I- ion can reduce water.
2 H2O + 2e- ---> H2 + 2 OH- Cathode
2 I- ---> I2 + 2e- Anode
-------------------------------------------------
2 I- + 2 H2O --> I2 + 2 OH- + H2

Assuming reaction occurs as written,

E˚ = E˚cat+ E˚an= (-0.828 V) - (- +0.535 V) = -1.363 V
Minus E˚ means rxn. occurs in opposite direction
(the connection is backwards or you are
recharging the battery) Yunita Triana, S.Si., M.Si
Material & Metallurgical Engineering
www.itk.ac.id / nita@itk.ac.id