078MODEL MAINTENANCE

COURSE
DASAR MESIN

PT. HINO MOTORS SALES INDONESIA

2005
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN

A. PROSES PEMBAKARAN PADA MESIN

PANAS BAHAN
UDARA BAKAR

RUANG BAKAR
SILINDER

PISTON

CONNECTING ROD

CRANKSHAFT
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
MESIN 4 LANGKAH
4X GERAKAN PISTON
2X PUTARAN POROS ENGKOL
1X USAHA/PEMBAKARAN

HISAP
(SUCTION)

BUANG KOMPRESI
(EXHAUST) (COMPRESSION)

USAHA
(WORK)
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
B. PRINSIP KERJA MESIN DIESEL & BENSIN
LANGKAH HISAP

MESIN DIESEL MESIN BENSIN

HANYA UDARA
UDARA +
BAHAN BAKAR
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
LANGKAH KOMPRESI

MESIN DIESEL MESIN BENSIN

500o C
1 1

9
20
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
LANGKAH USAHA

MESIN DIESEL MESIN BENSIN

INJECTION NOZZLE BUSI

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
LANGKAH BUANG

MESIN DIESEL MESIN BENSIN

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN

C. GAMBARAN UMUM DIESEL & MESIN BENSIN

Mesin
MESIN DIESEL MESIN BENSIN
Item

* Memerlukan setengah dari jumlah bahan

* Bobot lebih ringan.
bakar mesin bensin.
GAMBARAN * Volume silinder lebih kecil.
* Gangguan lebih sedikit.
* Getaran dan suara lebih halus
* Torsi besar pada putaran mesin yang rendah.

BAHAN BAKAR Solar Bensin

PEMBAKARAN Pembakaran Kompresi Elektik busi

PERBANDINGAN
15-22 6-10
KOMPRESI
PENGIRIMAN BAHAN
Injeksi bahan bakar Udara dan bahan bakar dicampur di karburator
BAKAR
PEMBAKARAN PADA
Putaran cam shaft pompa injeksi Oleh distributor.
TIAP SILINDER
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
MOMENT (satuan Kg.m)
KEMAMPUAN PUNTIR YANG DIHASILKAN
OLEH SUATU GAYA DAN JARAK
GAYA
(Kg)
JARAK (M)
TORSI (T) = GAYA (F) X JARAK (R)
PADA MESIN :
GAYA ADALAH TEKANAN AKIBAT
PEMBAKARAN YANG DITERUSKAN KE
CRANK SHAFT MELALUI CONNECTING
ROD.
PANJANG TUAS = JARAK ® ANTARA
TITIK CRANK JURNAL DAN CRANK PIN
®
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
MAKSIMUM HORSE POWER (HP/PS)

1m

BEBAN SEBERAT 75 kg DIANGKAT SETINGGI 1 m DALAM WAKTU 1 detik

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
KURVA PERFORMA MESIN

DAYA MESIN

DK

MOMEN

300
PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR SPESIFIK
250
200
150

GR / (DK.HR)

500 800 1100 1400 1700 2000 2300

PUTARAN MESIN ( RPM)
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
D. KONSTRUKSI MESIN DIESEL
Komponen Utama
Intake manifold

Rocker arm Intake air heater

Exhaust manifold Fuel filter

Injection nozzle
Piston
Intake valve Exhaust valve

Connecting rod
Piston ring

Cylinder liner Cam shaft Piston

Cylinder
liner
Crank shaft
Oil pump
Crank shaft
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
E. JENIS RUANG BAKAR
1. Tipe Direct injection (Injeksi langsung)

TOROIDAL SHAPE
Nozzle (170 - 220kg/cm 2 )
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN

2. Tipe Pre-chamber (Ruang Bantu)

NOZZLE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
3. Swirl chamber (Kamar pusar)

NOZZLE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
F. FIRING ORDER
DIAGRAM KERJA MOTOR 4 LANGKAH
FIRING ORDER (FO) 1 – 4 – 2 – 6 – 3 – 5

LK.
SIL.
0O 60O 120O 180O 240O 300O 360O 420O 480O 540O 600O 660O 720O
1 HISAP KOMPRESI USAHA BUANG

2 HA BUANG HISAP KOMPRESI USA-

USA-

3 MPRESI USAHA BUANG HISAP KO-

4 ANG HISAP KOMPRESI USAHA BU-

5 SAP KOMPRESI USAHA BUANG HI--

HI

6 USAHA BUANG HISAP KOMPRESI

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
G. SISTEM PELUMAS

VACUUM PUMP
CAMSHAFT

OIL COOLER
PISTON COOLING
INJECTION PUMP JET

OIL COOLER CRANKSHAFT

SAFETY VALVE

OIL PUMP

OIL PUMP SAFETY VALVE

OIL FILTER

OIL FILTER PRESSURE

SAFETY VALVE REGULATOR VALVE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
Oil Flow J08C and J08C-TI Engine [kpa{kgf/cm2}]

Roller Pin Rocker Arm Connecting Rod

Roller Cam Injection Pump
Adjusting Screw Cross
Rocker Shaft
Head ( Air Compressor )

Camshaft Crankshaft Sub Oil Hole

Cam Idle Gear Shaft

Sub Idle Gear Shaft Main Oil Hole Oil jet 245{2.5}

Turbocharger
Main Idler Gear Shaft

Oil Filter Safety Valve Oil Filter

Regulator Valve

Oil Cooler Safety Valve Oil Cooler

Relief Valve
1648{16.8}
Oil Pump

Oil Strainer

Oil Pan
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
H. SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR

INJECTION PIPE
LEAKAGE PIPE
INJECTION PUMP NOZZLE
PRIMING PUMP
THROUGH-FEED VALVE
FEED PUMP

TIMER GOVERNOR

FUEL TANK

FUEL FILTER PRIMARY FILTER

WATER SEPARATOR DRAIN PLUG

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR

GOVERNOR
PUMP BODY

FUEL FEED PUMP

TIMER
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR

CAP NUT
NO.1 VALVE OPENING
PRESSURE ADJUST SCREW

GASKET

NO.1 PRESSURE
SPRING SEAT SPRING
NO.2 PRESSURE SPRING PUSH ROD
SPRING SEAT PRELIFT SPRING SEAT SPRING SEAT
ADJUST SHIM LIFT PIECE KNOCK PIN
KNOCK PIN
NOZZLE NEEDLE SPACER
SPACER NOZZLE
RETAINING NUT ASSEMBLY RETAINING NUT
NOZZLE ASSEMBLY

Nozzle cross section (Made by Zexel)

Nozzle cross section (Made by Denso)

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
I. SISTEM PENDINGIN
HEADER TANK

THERMOSTAT CYLINDER HEAD

WATER LEVEL SWITCH

RADIATOR

COOLANT PUMP OIL COOLER

CYLINDER BLOCK
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN

Inlet control water cooling system

Outletcontrol
Outlet control Inlet control
Thermostat Thermostat
Radiator

Radiator
P-E/G J-E/G

Water pump Water pump

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN

Water flow Reservoir J08C / J08C-TI Engine

Tank

Thermostat Cylinder Head

Radiator

Cylinder Cab
Coolant Block Heater
Pump
Oil Cooler
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
1. Radiator

OVERFLOW PIPE RADIATOR CAP RADIATOR HOSE

RADIATOR THERMOSTAT
CORE
UPPER
TANK

DARI
CYLINDER
HEAD

COOLING AIR
WATER
PUMP

KE
CYLINDER
BLOCK

LOWER TANK
COOLING FAN
DRAIN COCK
RADIATOR RADIATOR HOSE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
2. Tutup Radiator

PRESSURE VALVE FUNCTION VACUM VALVE FUNCTION

RADIATOR VALVE
CAP SPRING

TO
RESERVOIR
TANK

RADIATOR FROM
UPPER TANK RESERVOIR
TANK
PRESSURE VACUUM
VALVE VALVE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
3. Thermostat

AIR AIR

WATER
PRESSURE
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
4. Fan Clutch

COUPLING
ROTOR
BEARING CASE
BEARING CASE
SLIDE VALVE COUPLING SHAFT
COUPLING
SHAFT
THERMOSTAT INFLOW HOLE

SLIDE VALVE LABYRINTH

DRIVE CHAMBER
STORAGE
CHAMBER THERMOSTAT
LABYRINTH ROD
COUPLING CASE

COUPLING
CASE
COOLING FAN
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
J. SISTEM KELISTRIKAN
1. BATTERY

Terminal Positive plate

Cell plug
Connector
Lid Pole Separator

Pole

Battery jar

Glass mat
Negative plate
Positive plate Negative plate
Glass mat
Separator
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
2. STARTER

Engage switch

Shift lever
Motor

Pinion clutch

Reduction gear
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
3. GENERATOR
(1) Alternator
Stator core

Stator coil
Rotor core
Fun
Diode
Ball bearing
Roller bearing
Pulley

Field coil

Rear bracket Front bracket

(2) Alternator capacity (W)

W (watt) = Voltage (V) X Current (A)

I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
Rangkain Sistem Pengisian Mesin J08C

KETERANGAN :
1. Alternator 7. Charge warning lamp
2. Condenser 8. Fuse
3. Diode 9. Starter switch
4. Stator coil 10. Load
5. Field coil 11. Batere
6. IC regulator
I. PENGETAHUAN DASAR MESIN
Rangkain Sistem Pengisian Mesin P11C

KETERANGAN :
1. Alternator 7. Charge warning lamp
2. Condenser 8. Fuse
3. Diode 9. Starter switch
4. Stator coil 10. Load
5. Field coil 11. Batere
6. IC regulator