PEMBAHASAN
1. Perhitungan Pengukuran
2. Menentukan Klasifikasi Jalan
3. Alinyemen Horizontal
4. Alinyemen Vertikal
5. Perencanaan Tebal Perkerasan
6. Menghitung Volume Galian dan Timbunan
7. Perencanaan Drainase Jalan
Theodolite, maka didapatkan data berupa bacaan benang atas, benang tengah, dan
benang bawah serta bacaan sudut horizontal dan sudut vertical di setiap titik
perhitungan untuk mendapatkan nilai dari sudut azimuth, jarak optis, beda tinggi,
4.1.1 Azimuth
133
Azimut atau sudut jurusan adalah sudut yang diukur searah jarum jam dari
dari utara.
Dimana :
Perhitungan :
Pada titik ukur STA 0+000 ke STA 0+030, bacaan sudut azimuth sama dengan
Dimana :
134
Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
M = 100
Ba = 2,865
Bb = 2,540
Sudut vertikal = 106 26’ 0”
STA 0+000 – STA 0+030
= 100 . (2,865 – 2,540) sin2 106 26’ 0”
= 29,916 m
Dimana :
Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
135
β = 106 26’ 0”
Ba = 2,865
Bt = 2,703
Bb = 2,540
4.1.4 Ordinat
Ordinat X = D x sin α
Ordinat Y = D x cos α
Dimana :
D = Jarak optis
α = Sudut azimuth
Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
D = 29,916 m
136
α = 34 11’ 0”
4.1.5 Koordinat
Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
Δx = 16,808 m
Δy = 24,747 m
= 1016,808 m
137
= 1024,747 m
4.1.6 Elevasi
Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
Elevasi awal (asumsi) = 1000 m
Beda tinggi = -10,022 m
STA 0+000 – STA 0+030 = 1000 + (-10,022)
= 989,978 m
Diketahui :
138
(Ton) (Kend/Hari)
Mobil Penumpang 1+1 2950
Bus 8 Ton 3+5 25
Truks 2 As 10 Ton 5+8 45
Truk 3 As 20 Ton 6 + 7.7 31
Jumlah 3051
Truk 2 as 13 ton
45,00 3,0 135,00 SMP
(5+8)
Truk 3 as 20 ton
31,00 3,0 93,00 SMP
(6+7.7)
Jumlah 3253,00 SMP
139
Data Lalu Lintas Harian Umur Rencana (2028)
Diketahui :
koefisien gesek)
140
4.3.1.1 Tikungan 1 STA 0+700 (Spiral-Spiral)
Diketahui :
R = 209,97 m
α = 14
θs = 1/2α
=7
k’ = 0,499751
p’ = 0,010175
π . θs . R
Ls =
90 ̊̊
π . 7 ̊̊ .209,97
=
90 ̊̊
= 51,31 m
k = k’.Ls
= 0,499751 . 51,31
= 25,64
p = p’.Ls
= 0,010175 . 51,31
= 0,52
Ts = (R + p) tg ½α + k
= (209,97 + 0,52) tg.7 + 25,64
= 51,49 m
141
R+ p
Es = −R
cos 1/2α
209,97+ 0,52
= −209,97
cos .7 ̊̊
= 2,10 m
Kontrol :
2 Ls < 2 Ts
Diketahui :
R = 209,97 m
α =7
θs = 1/2α
= 3,5
k’ = 0,4999797
p’ = 0,002908
π . θs . R
Ls =
90 ̊̊
π . 3,5̊̊ .209,97
=
90 ̊̊
= 25,65 m
k = k’.Ls
142
= 0,4999797 . 25,65
= 12,83
p = p’.Ls
= 0,002908 . 25,65
= 0,07
Ts = (R + p) tg ½α + k
= (209,97 + 0,07) tg.3,5 + 12,83
= 25,67 m
R+ p
Es = −R
cos 1/2α
209,97+ 0,07
= −209,97
cos .3,5 ̊̊
= 0,47 m
Kontrol :
2 Ls < 2 Ts
Diketahui :
R = 209,97 m
α = 22
θs = 1/2α
= 11
k’ = 0,4979761
143
p’ = 0,028963
π . θs . R
Ls =
90 ̊̊
π . 11 ̊̊ .209,97
=
90̊̊
= 80,62 m
k = k’.Ls
= 0,4979761 . 80,62
= 40,15
p = p’.Ls
= 0,028963 . 80,62
= 2,34
Ts = (R + p) tg ½α + k
= (209,97 + 2,34) tg.11 + 40,15
= 81,42 m
R+ p
Es = −R
cos 1/2α
209,97+ 2,34
= −209,97
cos .11 ̊̊
= 6,31 m
Kontrol :
2 Ls < 2 Ts
Diketahui :
α` = 51
144
VR = 80 km/jam
diperoleh :
e = 0,098
Ls = 80 m
diperoleh :
θs = 9,54
p = 1,1096
k = 39,9632
Ts = (R + p) tg ½α + k
= (239 + 1,1096) tg.1/2.51 + 39,9632
= 154,49 m
R+ p
Es = −R
cos 1/2α
239+ 1,1096
= −239
cos .1.2 .51̊̊
= 27,02 m
Δ = α – 2.θs
= 51 - (2 x 9,54 )
= 31,92
Δ
Lc =
360 ̊̊
. 2 π.R
31,92
=
360 ̊̊
. 2 π . 239
= 133,15 m
Lt = Lc + 2.Ls
= 133,15 + (2 x 80)
= 293,15 m
145
Kontrol :
1. Ls > Ls minimum
V³ V .e
Ls min = 0,002 .
R.c
– 2.727 .
c
80³ 80. 0,098
= 0,002 . 239 . 0,4 – 2.727 . 0,4
= 64,38 m
Ls > Ls minimum
80 m > 64,38 Ok
2. Lc > 20 m
133,15 m > 20 m Ok
3. Lt < 2 . Ts
293,15 m < 308,98 m Ok
146
147
148
149
150
4.3.3 Jarak Pandang Henti
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
Kecepatan (km/jam) fp
20 0,45
30 0,4
40 0,375
50 0,35
60 0,33
70 0,313
80 0,3
100 0,285
120 0,28
VR 2
Jh =
VR
3,6
.T+ ( )
3,6
2. g . fp
80 2
=
80
3,6 . 2,5 + ( )
3,6
2.9,8 .0,3
= 139,54 m
151
4.3.3.2 Tikungan 2 STA 1+450
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
fp = 0,3
2
VR
Jh =
VR
3,6
.T+ ( )
3,6
2. g . fp
2
80
=
80
3,6 . 2,5 + ( )
3,6
2.9,8 .0,3
= 139,54 m
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
fp = 0,3
152
VR 2
Jh =
VR
3,6
.T+ ( )
3,6
2. g . fp
80 2
=
80
3,6 . 2,5 + ( )
3,6
2.9,8 .0,3
= 139,54 m
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
fp = 0,3
VR 2
Jh =
VR
3,6
.T+ ( )
3,6
2. g . fp
80 2
=
80
3,6 . 2,5 + ( )
3,6
2.9,8 .0,3
= 139,54 m
153
4.3.4 Jarak Pandang Mendahului
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
T1 = 2,12 + 0,026.VR
= 4,2 detik
T2 = 6,56 + 0,048. VR
= 10,4 km/jam
a = 2,052 + 0,0036.VR
= 2,34 km/jam/detik
diambil 10 – 15 km/jam)
= 13 km/jam
a .T 1
d1 = 0,278.T1 (VR – m + )
2
2,34 . 4,2
= 0,278.4,2 (80 – 13 + )
2
154
= 83,97 m
d2 = 0,278 . VR . T2
= 0,278 . 80 . 10,4
= 231,30 m
d3 = antara 30 -100 m
= 60 m
d4 = 2/3.d2
= 2/3 . 231,30
= 154,20
Jd = d 1 + d2 + d 3 + d4
= 529,46 m
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
T1 = 2,12 + 0,026.VR
= 4,2 detik
T2 = 6,56 + 0,048. VR
155
= 10,4 km/jam
a = 2,052 + 0,0036.VR
= 2,34 km/jam/detik
diambil 10 – 15 km/jam)
= 13 km/jam
a .T 1
d1 = 0,278.T1 (VR – m + )
2
2,34 . 4,2
= 0,278.4,2 (80 – 13 + )
2
= 83,97 m
d2 = 0,278 . VR . T2
= 0,278 . 80 . 10,4
= 231,30 m
d3 = antara 30 -100 m
= 60 m
d4 = 2/3.d2
= 2/3 . 231,30
156
= 154,20
Jd = d 1 + d2 + d 3 + d4
= 529,46 m
Diketahui :
VR = 80 km/jam
T1 = 2,12 + 0,026.VR
= 4,2 detik
T2 = 6,56 + 0,048. VR
= 10,4 km/jam
a = 2,052 + 0,0036.VR
= 2,34 km/jam/detik
diambil 10 – 15 km/jam)
= 13 km/jam
157
a .T 1
d1 = 0,278.T1 (VR – m + )
2
2,34 . 4,2
= 0,278.4,2 (80 – 13 + )
2
= 83,97 m
d2 = 0,278 . VR . T2
= 0,278 . 80 . 10,4
= 231,30 m
d3 = antara 30 -100 m
= 60 m
d4 = 2/3.d2
= 2/3 . 231,30
= 154,20
Jd = d 1 + d2 + d 3 + d4
= 529,46 m
Diketahui :
158
VR = 80 km/jam
T1 = 2,12 + 0,026.VR
= 4,2 detik
T2 = 6,56 + 0,048. VR
= 10,4 km/jam
a = 2,052 + 0,0036.VR
= 2,34 km/jam/detik
diambil 10 – 15 km/jam)
= 13 km/jam
a .T 1
d1 = 0,278.T1 (VR – m + )
2
2,34 . 4,2
= 0,278.4,2 (80 – 13 + )
2
= 83,97 m
d2 = 0,278 . VR . T2
= 0,278 . 80 . 10,4
= 231,30 m
159
d3 = antara 30 -100 m
= 60 m
d4 = 2/3.d2
= 2/3 . 231,30
= 154,20
Jd = d 1 + d2 + d 3 + d4
= 529,46 m
Diketahui :
Kendaraan besar)
Bn =7m
n = 2 lajur
VR = 80 km/jam
160
Rc = radius lajur sebelah dalam – ½ lebar perkerasan +
½ lebar kendaraan
= 207,72 m
= 2,50 m
0,105. VR
z =
√R
0,105. 80
=
√209,97
= 0,58 m
Bt = n(B + C) + z
= 10,58 m
Δ = Bt – Bn
= 10,58 – 7
= 3,58 m
161
Diketahui :
Kendaraan besar)
Bn =7m
n = 2 lajur
VR = 80 km/jam
½ lebar kendaraan
= 207,72 m
= 2,50 m
0,105. VR
z =
√R
0,105. 80
=
√209,97
= 0,58 m
162
Bt = n(B + C) + z
= 10,58 m
Δ = Bt – Bn
= 10,58 – 7
= 3,58 m
Diketahui :
Kendaraan besar)
Bn =7m
n = 2 lajur
VR = 80 km/jam
½ lebar kendaraan
163
= 207,72 m
= 2,50 m
0,105. VR
z =
√R
0,105. 80
=
√209,97
= 0,58 m
Bt = n(B + C) + z
= 10,58 m
Δ = Bt – Bn
= 10,58 – 7
= 3,58 m
Diketahui :
164
Lebar kendaraan (b) = 2,5 m (berdasarkan tabel 2.4
Kendaraan besar)
Bn =7m
n = 2 lajur
VR = 80 km/jam
½ lebar kendaraan
= 207,72 m
= 2,50 m
0,105. VR
z =
√R
0,105. 80
=
√209,97
= 0,58 m
Bt = n(B + C) + z
165
= 10,58 m
Δ = Bt – Bn
= 10,58 – 7
= 3,58 m
Diketahui :
Jh = 139,54 m
Ls = 51,31 m
Lt = 2 x Ls
= 102,61 m
R’ = R – ¼. Lebar perkerasan
= 209,97 – ¼.7
= 208,22 m
Jh > Lt E = R’ [ 1−cos
28,65. Jh
R' ][
+
Jh−¿
2
. sin
28,65 . Jh
R' ]
= 208,22 [ 1−cos
28,65.139,54
208,22 ]+¿
166
[ 139,54−102,61
= 17,65 m
2
. sin
28,65 . 139,54
208,22 ]
167
168
4.3.6.2 Tikungan 2 STA 1+450
Diketahui :
Jh = 139,54 m
Ls = 25,65 m
Lt = 2 x Ls
= 51,31 m
R’ = R – ¼. Lebar perkerasan
= 209,97 – ¼.7
= 208,22 m
Jh > Lt E = R’ [ 1−cos
28,65. Jh
R' ][
+
Jh−¿
2
. sin
28,65 . Jh
R' ]
= 208,22 [ 1−cos
28,65.139,54
208,22 ]+¿
[ 139,54−51,31
2
. sin
28,65 . 139,54
208,22 ]
= 26,09 m
169
4.3.6.3 Tikungan 3 STA 2+356
170
Diketahui :
Jh = 139,54 m
Ls = 80,62 m
Lt = 2 x Ls
= 161,25 m
R’ = R – ¼. Lebar perkerasan
= 209,97 – ¼.7
= 208,22 m
Jh > Lt E = R’ [ 1−cos
28,65. Jh
R' ]
= 208,22 [ 1−cos
28,65.139,54
208,22 ]
= 11,58 m
171
172
4.3.6.4 Tikungan 4 STA 2+810
Diketahui :
Jh = 139,54 m
Ls = 80 m
Lt = 2 x Ls
= 160 m
R’ = R – ¼. Lebar perkerasan
= 239 – ¼.7
= 237,25 m
Jh > Lt E = R’ [ 1−cos
28,65. Jh
R' ]
= 237,25 [ 1−cos
28,65.139,54
237,25 ]
= 10,19 m
173
174
4.4. Perencanaan Alinyemen Vertikal
4.4.1. Lengkung Vertikal 1 (STA 0+500)
Diketahui :
A = | g1 – g2 |
=|5–0|
=5%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 60 m
A . Lv
Ev =
800
5 x 120
=
800
= 0,0075 m
175
X1 = 15 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
5
= x (152)
200.120
= 0,000649 m
X2 = 30 m
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
5
= x (302)
200.120
= 0,001875 m
X3 = 45 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
5
= x (452)
200.120
= 0,0042188 m
X4 = 60 m
A
Y4 = x (X2)
200. Lv
5
= x (602)
200.120
= 0,0075 m
PLv = PPv + x
= 980 + 3
= 983 m
176
= 983 – (0,05.15)
= 982,25 m
El. y1 rencana = El. y1 awal + y1
= 982,25 + 0,0005
= 982,250 m
El.y2 awal = PLv – (A.x2)
= 983 – (0,05.30)
= 981,500 m
El. y2 rencana = El. y2 awal + y2
= 981,500 + 0,0019
= 981,502 m
El.y3 awal = PLv – (A.x3)
= 983 – (0,05.45)
= 980,75 m
El. y3 rencana = El. y3 awal + y3
= 980,75 + 0,0042
= 982,754 m
El.y4 awal = PLv – (A.x4)
= 983 – (0,05.60)
= 980 m
El. y4 rencana = El. y4 awal + y4
= 980 + 0,0075
= 980,008 m
El.y5 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y5 rencana = PPv awal + y1
= 980 + 0,0005
= 980,0005 m
El.y6 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y6 rencana = PPv awal + y2
= 980 + 0,0019
= 980,0019 m
El.y7 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y7 rencana = PPv awal + y3
= 980 + 0,0042
= 980,0042 m
El.y8 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y8 rencana = PPv awal + y4
= 980 + 0,0075
= 980,0075 m
177
4.4.2. Lengkung Vertikal 2 (STA 0+850)
Diketahui: A = | g1 – g2 |
=|0-4|
=4%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 62,5 m
178
A . Lv
Ev =
800
4 x 125
=
800
= 0,0063 m
X1 = 20,83 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (20,832)
200.125
= 0,0007 m
X2 = 41,67 m
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (41,672)
200.125
= 0,0028 m
X3 = 62,5 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (62,52)
200.125
= 0,0063 m
PTv = PPv - x
= 980 – 2,5
= 977,5 m
179
El.y1 awal = PLv awal
= 980 m
El.y1 rencana = PLv awal - y1
= 980 - 0,0007
= 979,9993 m
El.y2 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y2 rencana = PPv awal - y2
= 980 - 0,0028
= 979,9972 m
El.y3 awal = PPv awal
= 980 m
El.y3 rencana = PPv awal - y3
= 980 - 0,0063
= 979,9938 m
El. y4 awal = PPv awal – (A.x1)
= 980 – (0,04.20,83)
= 979,167 m
El. y4 rencana = El. y1 awal - y1
= 979,167 - 0,0007
= 979,166 m
El.y5 awal = PPv awal – (A.x2)
= 980 – (0,04.41,67)
= 978,333 m
El. y5 rencana = El. y2 awal + y2
= 978,33 + 0,0028
= 978,331 m
El.y6 awal = PPv awal – (A.x3)
= 980 – (0,04.62,5)
= 977,5 m
El. y6 rencana = El. y3 awal + y3
= 977,5 + 0,0063
= 977,494 m
180
Diketahui :
A = | g1 – g2 |
=|4–0|
=4%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 42,5 m
A . Lv
Ev =
800
181
4 x 85
=
800
= 0,0043 m
X1 = 10,625 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (10,6252)
200.85
= 0,0003 m
X2 = 21,25 m
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (21,252)
200.85
= 0,0011 m
X3 = 31,875 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (31,8752)
200.85
= 0,0024 m
X4 = 42,5 m
A
Y4 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (42,52)
200.85
= 0,0043 m
PLv = PPv + x
= 970 + 1,7
182
= 971,7 m
183
= 970 + 0,0043
= 980,0043 m
Diketahui: A = | g1 – g2 |
=|0-4|
=4%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 62,5 m
A . Lv
Ev =
800
4 x 125
=
800
184
= 0,0063 m
X1 = 20,83 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (20,832)
200.125
= 0,0007 m
X2 = 41,67 m
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (41,672)
200.125
= 0,0028 m
X3 = 62,5 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (62,52)
200.125
= 0,0063 m
PTv = PPv - x
= 970 – 2,5
= 967,5 m
185
El.y2 awal = PPv awal
= 970 m
El.y2 rencana = PPv awal - y2
= 970 - 0,0028
= 969,9972 m
El.y3 awal = PPv awal
= 970 m
El.y3 rencana = PPv awal - y3
= 970 - 0,0063
= 969,9938 m
El. y4 awal = PPv awal – (A.x1)
= 970 – (0,04.20,83)
= 969,167 m
El. y4 rencana = El. y1 awal - y1
= 969,167 - 0,0007
= 969,166 m
El.y5 awal = PPv awal – (A.x2)
= 970 – (0,04.41,67)
= 968,333 m
El. y5 rencana = El. y2 awal + y2
= 968,33 + 0,0028
= 968,331 m
El.y6 awal = PPv awal – (A.x3)
= 970 – (0,04.62,5)
= 967,5 m
El. y6 rencana = El. y3 awal + y3
= 967,5 + 0,0063
= 967,494 m
186
Diketahui :
A = | g1 – g2 |
=|4–0|
=4%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 42,5 m
A . Lv
Ev =
800
4 x 85
=
800
= 0,0043 m
X1 = 10,625 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (10,6252)
200.85
= 0,0003 m
X2 = 21,25 m
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
187
4
= x (21,252)
200.85
= 0,0011 m
X3 = 31,875 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (31,8752)
200.85
= 0,0024 m
X4 = 42,5 m
A
Y4 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (42,52)
200.85
= 0,0043 m
PLv = PPv + x
= 965 + 1,7
= 966,7 m
188
= 965,851 m
El.y3 awal = PLv – (A.x3)
= 966,7 – (0,04.31,875)
= 965,425 m
El. y3 rencana = El. y3 awal + y3
= 965,425 + 0,0024
= 965,427 m
El.y4 awal = PLv – (A.x4)
= 966,7 – (0,04.42,5)
= 965 m
El. y4 rencana = El. y4 awal + y4
= 965 + 0,0043
= 965,004 m
El.y5 awal = PPv awal
= 965 m
El.y5 rencana = PPv awal + y1
= 965 + 0,0003
= 965,0003 m
El.y6 awal = PPv awal
= 965 m
El.y6 rencana = PPv awal + y2
= 965 + 0,0011
= 965,0011 m
El.y7 awal = PPv awal
= 965 m
El.y7 rencana = PPv awal + y3
= 965 + 0,0024
= 965,0024 m
El.y8 awal = PPv awal
= 965 m
El.y8 rencana = PPv awal + y4
= 965 + 0,0043
= 965,0043 m
189
Diketahui: A = | g1 – g2 |
=|4-0|
=4%
VR = 80 km/jam
½.Lv = 42,5 m
A . Lv
Ev =
800
4 x 125
=
800
= 0,0063 m
X1 = 14,167 m
A
y1 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (14,1672)
200.85
= 0,0005 m
X2 = 28,33 m
190
A
Y2 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (28,332)
200.85
= 0,0019 m
X3 = 42,5 m
A
Y3 = x (X2)
200. Lv
4
= x (42,52)
200.85
= 0,0043 m
PTv = PPv + x
= 965 + 2,5
= 966,7 m
191
El. y4 awal = PPv awal + (A.x1)
= 965+ (0,04.14,167)
= 965,567 m
El. y4 rencana = El. y1 awal + y1
= 965,567 + 0,0005
= 969,166 m
El.y5 awal = PPv awal + (A.x2)
= 965 + (0,04.28.33)
= 966,133 m
El. y5 rencana = El. y2 awal + y2
= 966,13 + 0,0028
= 966,135 m
El.y6 awal = PPv awal + (A.x3)
= 970 + (0,04.42,5)
= 966,700 m
El. y6 rencana = El. y3 awal + y3
= 967,5 + 0,0063
= 966,704 m
192