DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ iii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ........................................................... iv

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xi

INTISARI ................................................................................................................. xiii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Daerah Penelitian .............................................................................................. 2

1.1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 3

1.1.3 Keaslian Penelitian .............................................................................................. 3

1.2 Maksud, Tujuan Dan Manfaat ............................................................................... 9

1.3 Landasan Hukum ................................................................................................. 10

1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................................................. 11

1.4.1 Siklus Hidrologi ................................................................................................ 11

1.4.2 Curah Hujan ...................................................................................................... 12

1.4.3 Kebutuhan Air ................................................................................................... 13

1.4.4 Ketersediaan Air................................................................................................ 14

1.4.4.1 Neraca Air ...................................................................................................... 15

1.4.5 Kekeringan ........................................................................................................ 16

1.4.6 Konsep Eco-Drainase ........................................................................................ 17

v
1.4.6.1 Metode Lubang Resapan Biopori.................................................................. 18

1.4.6.2 Metode Area Perlindungan Air Tanah ........................................................... 19

1.4.6.3 Metode Parit Resapan .................................................................................... 19

1.4.6.4 Metode Bak Penampung Air Hujan ............................................................... 20

1.4.6.5 Metode Kolam Konservasi ............................................................................. 22

1.5 Batas Daerah Penelitian ....................................................................................... 22

BAB II RUANG LINGKUP PENELITIAN .......................................................... 25

2.1 Lingkup Kegiatan Penelitian ................................................................................ 25

2.2 Jenis Kegiatan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 25

2.3 Komponen Lingkungan ........................................................................................ 26

2.4 Kriteria, Indikator, Dan Asumsi Objek Penelitian ............................................... 27

2.5 Kerangka Alur Pikir ............................................................................................. 27

BAB III CARA PENELITIAN ............................................................................... 31

3.1 Jenis Metode Penelitian dan Parameter yang Digunakan .................................... 31

3.2 Perlengkapan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 32

3.3 Tahapan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 33

3.3.1 Tahap Persiapan ................................................................................................ 36

3.3.2 Tahap Kerja Lapangan ...................................................................................... 38

3.3.2.1 Chross-check Peta Bentuklahan ..................................................................... 39

3.3.2.2 Chross-check Peta Kemiringan Lereng .......................................................... 39

3.3.2.3 Pemetaan Jenis dan Ketebalan Tanah ............................................................ 40

3.3.2.4 Pemetaan Satuan Batuan ................................................................................ 41

3.3.2.5 Cross check dan Pemetaan Penggunaan Lahan ............................................. 41

3.3.2.6 Pendataan Jumlah Penduduk dan Kebutuhan Air Domestik ......................... 42

3.3.2.7 Pengukuran MAT ........................................................................................... 43

vi
3.3.2.8 Pengukuran Debit Sungai ............................................................................... 44

3.3.2.9 Sampling Tanah dan Pengecekan Tekstur Tanah .......................................... 44

3.3.2.10 Analisis Laju Infiltrasi Tanah....................................................................... 46

3.3.2.11 Lintasan Penelitian dan Teknik Sampling.................................................... 48

3.3.3 Tahapan Laboratorium ...................................................................................... 50

3.3.4 Tahapan Studio.................................................................................................. 50

3.3.4.1 Kerja untuk Sajian pada Rona Lingkungan ................................................... 50

3.3.4.2 Kerja untuk Sajian Evaluasi Hasil Penelitian................................................. 51

3.3.4.3 Kerja untuk Sajian Arahan Pengelolaan ........................................................ 58

BAB IV RONA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP .............................................................. 61

4.1 Komponen Geofisik-Kimia .................................................................................. 61

4.1.1 Iklim .................................................................................................................. 61

4.1.2 Bentuklahan...................................................................................................... 66

4.1.4 Tanah ................................................................................................................. 70

4.1.5 Batuan ............................................................................................................... 76

4.1.6 Tata Air ............................................................................................................. 79

4.1.7 Bencana Alam ................................................................................................... 81

4.2 Komponen Biotis ................................................................................................. 83

2.5.2.1 Flora ............................................................................................................... 83

2.5.2.2 Fauna .............................................................................................................. 85

4.3 Komponen Sosial ................................................................................................. 86

4.3.1 Demografi ......................................................................................................... 86

4.3.2 Ekonomi ............................................................................................................ 86

4.3.3 Sosial Budaya .................................................................................................... 87

4.4 Kesehatan Masyarakat ......................................................................................... 88

vii
4.5 Penggunaan Lahan ............................................................................................... 89

BAB V EVALUASI PENELITIAN ........................................................................ 91

5.1 Evaluasi Kebutuhan Air ....................................................................................... 91

5.2 Evaluasi Ketersediaan Air .................................................................................... 92

5.3 Evaluasi Ketersediaan vs Kebutuhan Air ............................................................. 94

5.4 Evaluasi Zonasi Tingkat Kekeringan ................................................................... 95

5.5 Evaluasi Jenis Kekeringan ................................................................................... 98

5.6 Evaluasi Kekeringan Terhadap Masyarakat....................................................... 102

5.7 Evaluasi Daerah Imbuhan untuk Arahan Pengelolaan. ...................................... 102

BAB VI ARAHAN PENGOLAHAN .................................................................... 107

6.1 Perlindungan Airtanah dengan Pendekatan Vegetatif........................................ 107

6.2 Pendekatan Teknik ............................................................................................. 109

6.2.1 Konservasi Airtanah dengan Lubang Biopori ................................................. 109

6.2.2 Parit Resapan Airtanah pada Pekarangan ....................................................... 111

6.2.3 Pemanenan Air Hujan ..................................................................................... 113

6.3 Pendekatan Sosial............................................................................................... 118

6.4 Pendekatan Pemerintahan .................................................................................. 118

BAB VII SARAN DAN KESIMPULAN .............................................................. 120

7.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................ 120

7.2 Saran ................................................................................................................... 123

PERISTILAHAN ................................................................................................... 124

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. 125

LAMPIRAN

viii
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Keaslian Penelitian.................................................................................. ….5

Tabel 1.2 Peraturan Perundang - Undangan .............................................................. 10

Tabel 2.1. Kriteria, Parameter, dan Indikator............................................................. 28

Tabel 3.1 Komponen dan Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian .................... 32

Tabel 3.2 Perlengkapan Penelitian ............................................................................. 32

Tabel 3.3 Tabel Data Sekunder yang Dibutuhkan pada Tahap Persiapan ................. 37

Tabel 3.4 Tabel Data Sekunder yang Dibutuhkan pada Tahap Lapangan ................. 38

Tabel 3.5 Parameter Data Primer dan Karakteristiknya............................................. 39

Tabel 3.6 Kelas Kemiringan Lereng Van Zuidam (1983) ...................................... ..40

Tabel 3.7 Kelas Ketebalan Tanah ............................................................................. 41

Tabel 3.8 Klasifikasi Permeabilitas Tanah................................................................. 45

Tabel 3.9 Kriteria Laju Infiltrasi ............................................................................... 47

Tabel 3.10 Tipe Iklim menurut Schimidt-Fergusson ................................................. 51

Tabel 3.11 Hubungan Penggunaan Lahan dan Nilai C .............................................. 53

Tabel 3.12 Pengharkatan Kemiringan Lereng ........................................................... 56

Tabel 3.13 Pengharkatan Penggunaan Lahan ............................................................ 56

Tabel 3.14 Pengharkatan Ketebalan Tanah ................................................................ 57

Tabel 3.15 Pengharkatan Konduktivitas Hidrolik Batuan ......................................... 57

Tabel 3.16 Kelas Kekeringan ..................................................................................... 58

Tabel 3.16 Kriteria Penentuan Daerah Imbuhan ........................................................ 59

Tabel 4.1 Data Curah Hujan Tahun 2008-2017 Kecamatan Kokap, Kulon Progo .... 62

Tabel 4.1 Data Suhu ................................................................................................... 64

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengukuran Muka Air Tanah ........................................................... 80

ix
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengukuran Debit Sungai ................................................................. 81

Tabel 4.7 Jenis Flora di Daerah Penelitian ................................................................ 84

Tabel 4.8 Jenis Fauna di Daerah Penelitian ............................................................... 85

Tabel 4.9 Jumlah Penduduk di Kecamatan Kokap Tahun 2017 ................................ 86

Tabel 5.1 Hasil Perhitungan Neraca Air .................................................................... 94

Tabel 5.2 Kelas Kekeringan ....................................................................................... 96

Tabel 5.3 Penentuan Klasifikasi Zonasi Tingkat Kekeringan .................................... 96

Tabel 5.4 Nilai Konduktivitas Hidrolik Batuan ......................................................... 99

Tabel 5.5 Penentuan Pengharkatan Klasifikasi Parameter Daerah Imbuhan ........... 104

Tabel 5.6 Skoring Kelas Daerah Imbuhan ............................................................... 104

Tabel 5.7 Parameter Daerah Imbuhan ...................................................................... 104

x
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Peta Administrasi ................................................................................ ….4

Gambar 1.2 Siklus Hidrologi ................................................................................ ….12

Gambar 1.3 Lubang Resapan Biopori ........................................................................ 19

Gambar 1.4 Metode Parit Resapan............................................................................. 20

Gambar 1.5 Sistem Atap (roof system) ................................................................. ….21

Gambar 1.6 Peta Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ......................................................... ….24

Gambar 2. 1 Kerangka Alur Pikir Penelitian ............................................................. 30

Gambar 3.1 Perlengkapan Penelitian ......................................................................... 34

Gambar 3.2 Diagram Alir Tahapan Kerja Penelitian ................................................. 35

Gambar 3.3 Wawancara ............................................................................................. 42

Gambar 3.4 Pengukuran Muka Air Tanah ................................................................. 43

Gambar 3.5 Pengukuran Debit Sungai ....................................................................... 44

Gambar 3.6 Proses Pengecekan Tekstur Tanah ......................................................... 45

Gambar 3.7 Pengambilan Sampel Tanah ................................................................... 46

Gambar 3.8 Pengukuran Laju Infiltrasi Tanah ........................................................... 48

Gambar 3.9 Peta Lintasan Penelitian dan Titik Sampel ............................................. 49

Gambar 4.1 Grafik Rata-rata Curah Hujan Bulanan .................................................. 63

Gambar 4.2 Peta Hujan Wilayah ............................................................................... 65

Gambar 4.3 Bentuklahan Punggungan ...................................................................... 67

Gambar 4.4 Bentuklahan Dataran Aluvial ................................................................. 67

Gambar 4.5 Peta Bentuklahan .................................................................................... 68

Gambar 4.6 Peta Kemiringan Lereng ........................................................................ 69

Gambar 4.7 Horizon Tanah Daerah Penelitian .......................................................... 71

Gambar 4.8 Tanah Aluvial ......................................................................................... 71

xi
Gambar 4.9 Peta Jenis Tanah ..................................................................................... 74

Gambar 4.10 Peta Ketebalan Tanah ........................................................................... 75

Gambar 4.11 Singkapan Batuan Andesit ................................................................... 77

Gambar 4.12 Satuan Endapan Aluvial ....................................................................... 77

Gambar 4.13 Peta Satuan Batuan ............................................................................... 78

Gambar 4.14 Tata Air ................................................................................................ 81

Gambar 4.15 Kekeringan Sungai ............................................................................... 82

Gambar 4.16 Tanah Longsor...................................................................................... 83

Gambar 4.17 Flora Daerah Penelitian ........................................................................ 84

Gambar 4.18 Fauna Daerah Penelitian....................................................................... 85

Gambar 4.19 Perekonomian Masyarakat ................................................................... 87

Gambar 4.20 Kondisi Sosial ...................................................................................... 88

Gambar 4.21 Peta Penggunaan Lahan ....................................................................... 90

Gambar 5.1 Grafik Ketersediaan dan Kebutuhan Air ................................................ 95

Gambar 5.2 Peta Zonasi Tingkat Kekeringan .......................................................... 106

Gambar 6.1 Kawasan Perlindungan Airtanah .......................................................... 109

Gambar 6.2 Lubang Resapan Biopori ...................................................................... 110

Gambar 6.3 Desain Parit Resapan Tampak Atas .................................................... .112

Gambar 6.4 Desain Parit Resapan Tampak Depan .................................................. 112

Gambar 6.5 Desain Bangunan Pemanen Air Hujan Sistem Atap ............................ 115

Gambar 6.6 Filter Air ............................................................................................... 116

Gambar 6.7 Peta Daerah Imbuhan dan Arahan Pengolahan ................................... 119

xii
 TEKNIK PENANGGULANGAN KEKERINGAN DENGAN
KONSEP ECO-DRAINASE DI DESA KALIREJO, KECAMATAN
KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULON PROGO, DAERAH ISTIMEWA
YOGYAKARTA
Oleh :

Florencia Maria Imaculata Mogi

114140025

INTISARI

Air sangat penting bagi keberlangsungan kehidupan di muka bumi dan

merupakan salah satu kebutuhan makhluk hidup, termasuk bagi kebutuhan manusia.
Desa Kalirejo, Kecamatan Kokap, Kabupaten Kulon Progo merupakan salah satu
dusun yang mengalami masalah berupa kekurangan air. Setiap tahunnya Dusun
Sangon I, Sangon II, Sengir dan dusun-dusun lainnya di Kecamatan Kokap selalu
kekurangan air bersih di musim kemarau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air, jenis kekeringan dan tingkat kekeringan
di daerah penelitian serta mengetahui teknik dan metode penanggulangan kekeringan
yang tepat dengan memanfaatkan konsep eco-drainase yang sesuai dengan daerah
penelitian.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain metode survei dan
observasi lansung dilapangan, metode wawancara dan kuisioner, metode laboratorium,
metode analisis matematis dan metode evaluasi. Komponen yang dikaji terdiri dari
iklim, bentuklahan, tanah, satuan batuan, tata air, kondisi sosial, flora, fauna dan
penggunaan lahan. Ketersediaan air diketahui menggunakan metode neraca air dan
kebutuhan air berdasarkan SNI SNI 19-6728.1-2002. Penentuan arahan pengelolaan
berdasarkan karakteristik daerah dilakukan berdasarkan Permen LH No 12 Tahun
2009 dan Permen PU No 11 Tahun 2014.
Kondisi surplus terjadi pada bulan Januari hingga pertengahan bulan Maret
serta pada pertengahan bulan Oktober hingga bulan Desember, dimana ketersediaan
air tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Desember dengan volume sebesar 0,778 x 109 L.
Sedangkan kondisi defisit terjadi pada pertengahan bulan Maret hingga pertengahan
bulan Oktober. Ketersediaan air di daerah penelitian adalah sebesar 2,377 x 109
L/tahun. Total kebutuhan air saat ini di daerah penelitian adalah sebesar 0,025 x 109
L/tahun. Daerah penelitian terbagi menjadi 3 kelas kekeringan dalam periode tahunan
berdasarkan metode pengharkatan yaitu kekeringan rendah, kekeringan sedang dan
kekeringan tinggi. Arahan konservasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 pendekatan
yaitu pendekatan teknik dengan metode kawasan perlindungan airtanah, lubang
resapan biopori, bak pemanenan air hujan dan parit resapan, pendekatan vegetatif,
pendekatan sosial, serta pendekatan pemerintah.

Kata Kunci : Kekeringan, Eco-drainase, Ketersediaan air, Kebutuhan air,

Lubang Resapan Biopori, Kawasan Perlindungan Airtanah, Parit Resapan,
Pemanenan Air Hujan

xiii
 DROUGHT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY USING ECO-
DRAINAGE CONCEPT IN KALIREJO VILLAGE, KOKAP
SUBDISTRICT, KULON PROGO REGENCY, SPECIAL DISTRICT
OF YOGYAKARTA
Written By :
Florencia Maria Imaculata Mogi
114140025

ABSTRACT

Water is very important for the survival of life on earth especially for the living
things, including for human needs. Kalirejo Village, Kokap Subdistrict, Kulon Progo
Regency is one of the area that experience problems in the form of water shortages.
Every year Sangon I, Sangon II, Sengir and other hamlets in Kokap Subdistrict always
experience lack of clean water espescially in drought season. The purpose of this study
was to determine the availability and needs of water, the type of drought and the level
of drought in the study area as well as knowing the appropriate techniques and
methods of drought mitigation by utilizing the eco-drainage concept in accordance
with the research area.
The methods used in this study include survey and observation methods,
interview methods and questionnaires, laboratory methods, mathematical analysis
methods and evaluation methods. The components studied consist of climate,
landform, soil, rock unit, water system, social condition, flora, fauna and land use.
Water availability is known by using the water balance method and water
requirements is based on SNI SNI 19-6728.1-2002. The treatment technology based
on land characteristics is carried out based on Minister of Environment Regulation
Number 12 Year of 2009 and Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 11 Year of
2014.
The surplus condition occurred from January to mid March and from mid-
October to December, where the highest water availability occurred in December with
a volume of 0.778 x 109 L. While the deficit condition occurred in mid-March to mid-
October. The total volume of water availability in the study area throughout the year
is 2,377 x 109 L/year. The current total water demand in the study area is 0,025 x 109
L/year. The research area is divided into 3 classes of drought in an annual period
based on scoring methode drought class which is low drought class, moderate drought
and high drought class. Conservation directives are carried out using 4 approaches,
the technical approach using groundwater conservation area, biopore infiltration
hole, rainwater harvesting method and infiltration trench, vegetative approaches,
social approaches, and government approaches.

Keyword : Drought, Ecodrainage, Water avaibility, Water demand, Biopore,

Groundwater Conservation Area, Infiltration Trench, Rainwater Harvesting

xiv
xv