ANIMATION 2
STRUKTUR DNA
• Rosalind Franklin melakukan diffraction x-ray photograph
kristal DNA
T A
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Dua strand DNA bersifat anti-parallel
(arah berlawanan)
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Pentose Sugar
C4 C1
Basa Nitrogen
Gula
(deoxyribose)
PURINE cincin ganda C3 C2
Adenine (A) A or G
Guanine (G)
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Replikasi DNA
ANIMATION
Dua DNA yang sama dihasilkan dari replikasi DNA 9
Replikasi DNA
ANIMATION
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RNA (Ribonucleic acids)
DNA : deoxyribose
◊ RNA : single-stranded
DNA : double-stranded
Nukleotida RNA
1- Gula Ribosa
2- Gugus Phosphate
3- Basa 4 tipe nitrogen 4 (all containing nitrogen):
- Adenine
- Uracyl (only in RNA)
- Cytosine
- Guanine
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Tipe RNA
.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) membawa informasi genetik ke ribosom
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Messenger RNA
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Polypeptides
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DNA
• DNA berada di dalam nucleus
• Protein, disintesis di dalam sitoplasma sel oleh ribosome
• Ribosome ada yang bebas dalam sitosol atau berada di
permukaan rough ER (retikulum endoplasma)
Sintesis Protein
Sintesis/produksi rantai polipeptida chains (protein)
Dua tahap:
Transkripsi & Translasi
mRNA sebelum translasi, dikeluarkan dari nucleus pada sel
eukariotik
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Replikasi, Transkripsi & Translasi
Replikasi, Transkripsi & Translasi
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Replikasi, Transkrisi, Translasi
MAKING DNA
Making a copy of the genetic material = Replication
When you think “replication” think “duplication”
MAKING RNA
Transferring genetic code (DNA) to RNA = Transcription
Pada sel prokariot dan eukariot, dimanakah transkripsi terjadi ?
MAKING PROTEINS
Making proteins = translation
Informasi DNA diterjemahkan menjadi protein
Transkripsi
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mRNA Processing
pre-RNA molecule
intron intron
mRNA molecule 23
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
start
codon
A U G G G C U C C A U C G G C G C A U A A
mRNA
peptide bonds
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RNA Polymerase
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Translation
Proteins synthesis in the cytoplasm
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
Prokaryotic Cell 27
DNA RNA Protein
Nuclear
DNA membrane
Transcription
Pre-mRNA
Eukaryotic RNA Processing
Cell mRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Protein
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The Genetic Code
• A codon designates an
amino acid
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