Hubungan Tektonik,

Cekungan Sedimen, dan Migas

Kuliah Tektonika
Kerangka Materi
TEKTONIK DAN CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN
• Cekungan Sedimen
• Tektonik dan Cekungan Sedimen
• Jenis-jenis cekungan pada setiap setting tektonik
CEKUNGAN SEDIMEN DAN MIGAS
• Siklus Cekungan
• Analisis Cekungan (Basin Analysis)
Tektonik dan Cekungan Sedimen
Cekungan Sedimen
• Sedimentary basins are regions of earth of long-
term subsidence creating accommodation space for
infilling by sediments (Allen and Allen, 2008).
• Sedimentary basin is a depression of some kind
capable of trapping sediment (boggs, 2006).
Mekanisme pembentukan cekungan sedimen
Mekanisme pembentukan cekungan sedimen
menurut Dickinson (1993) ada tujuh:
1. Penipisan kerak
2. Penebalan mantel-litosfer
3. Pembebanan sedimen dan volkanik
4. Pembebanan tektonik
5. Pembebanan sub-kerak
6. Aliran astenosfer
7. Pemadatan kerak
• Isostatic compensationfree-floating pistons
• Thermal effects
• Increase in crustal density
Geohistori dari Passive margin
Atlantik, bagian timur Amerika
Serikat (Watts, 1981)
Tektonik lempeng dan cekungan sedimen
• Tektonik memberikan kontrol orde pertama
terhadap sedimentasi melalui pengaruhnya
terhadap daerah sumber sedimen. Jenis-jenis
cekungan tempat sedimen terakumulasi juga secara
langsung terkait dengan proses tektonik (Frostick
dan Steel, 1993; Ingersoll dan Busby, 1995; Miall,
2000)
Mekanisme penurunan
(subsidence) semua jenis
cekungan sedimen (Ingersoll
dan Busby, 1995).
Kontrol dalam akumulasi sedimen

Nichols, 2009
Setting tektonik dan pembentukan
cekungan
Ada tiga setting tektonik utama tempat cekungan
terbentuk:
A. Cekungan terkait ektensi regional di dalam dan
antar lempeng.
B. Cekungan terkait batas lempeng konvergen
C. Cekungan terkait batas lempeng strike-slip
+ Cekungan kompleks/hybrid

(nichols, 2009)
A. Cekungan terkait ekstensi litosfer
• Rift basins
• Intracratonic basins
• Proto-oceanic troughs (transisi antara rift dengan
laut)
• Passive margins
• Ocean basins
• Obducted slabs
Rift basins

East African Rift (nichols, 2009)

Intracratonic basins
Proto-oceanic troughs
Passive margins & Ocean basins
Obducted slabs
B1. Cekungan terkait subduksi
• Trenches (palung)
• Accretionary complexes
• Forearc basins
• Backarc basins
B2. Cekungan terkait pembebanan kerak
• Peripheral foreland basins
• Retroarc foreland basins
Peripheral foreland basins
Retroarc foreland basins
C. Cekungan terkait tektonik strike-slip
• Strike-slip basins/ transtensional basins/pull-apart
basins
Cekungan kompleks dan hybrid
• Tidak semua cekungan dapat dikategorikan
menurut kategori yang ada. Hal ini dikarenakan
beberapa cekungan merupakan produk dari
interaksi lebih dari satu rezim tektonik.
Mekanisme penurunan
(subsidence) semua jenis
cekungan sedimen (Ingersoll
dan Busby, 1995).
Cekungan Sedimen dan Migas
ORIGIN OF SUBSIDENCE

1. SUBSIDENCE TECTONIC  PLT MOV.

2. SUBSIDENCE THERMIC  CONSEQ. OF LAT MOV.
3. SEDIMENT LOADING  CONSEQ. OF VERT. MOV.
Siklus Cekungan (The Wilson Cycle)
 Tahap Perkembangan Cekungan dalam Siklus Wilson

 Embryonic - rift valley forms as

continent begins to split.

 Juvenile - sea floor basalts

begin forming as continental
sections diverge.

 Mature - broad ocean basin

widens, trenches develop and
subduction begins.

 Declining - subduction
eliminates much of sea floor and
oceanic ridge.

 Terminal - last of the sea floor is

eliminated and continents collide
forming a continental mountain
chain.
Areas of Basin Types and Petroleum Reserves

in Selley (1985)
Basin Analysis
• Structural Analysis
• Geophysical Data
• Thermal History
• Stratigraphic analysis
• Sedimentological analysis
Basin Analysis
Structural analysis
 North Sumatra Basin

Central Sumatra Basin

South Sumatra Basin

Sedimentary Basins of Sumatra Schlumberger (1986)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

Schlumberger (1986) Sunda –West Java Offshore Basin

Netherwood (2000) West Java Basin

Lapindo Brantas (2001)

East Java Basin

Sedimentary Basins of Java

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS
 Total Indonesie Kutei – Makassar Basin

Barito Basin
Siregar and Sunaryo (1980)

Sedimentary Basins of Kalimantan

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS
Sedimentary Basins of the Bird’s Head of Papua

Pertamina and Corelab (1998)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

Sedimentary basins in Southern Banda
Arc – Arafura Shelf – NW Australian Shelf

Pertamina and Corelab (1998)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

RIFT GEOMETRY AND BASIN FILLING
RIFT GEOMETRY AND BASIN FILLING
Geophysical analysis
• Gravity
• Seismic
• dll
Thermal history
• Thermal  maturation
Stratigraphic analysis
Sedimentological Analysis
R

RIVER CROSSING
INTER BASINAL RIDGE
DEPOSITIONAL MODEL WITHIN SYNRIFT
Braid river channel
Deltaic Lacustrine Turbiditic sandstone in lacustrine
Maendering Fluvial channel
 RIFT BASIN REVIEW
RIFT BASIN SEDIMENTATION
TERRESTRIAL SETTING CASE:
1.EARLY SYN-RIFTFLUVIAL SYSTEM
2.MAXIMUM SYN-RIFTLACUSTRINE
3.EARLY POST-RIFT DELTAIC LACUSTRINE
4.POST RIFT FLUVIAL TO SHALLOW MARINE
 RIFT BASIN REVIEW
RIFT BASIN SEDIMENTATION
MARINE SETTING CASE:
1.EARLY SYN-RIFTSHALLOW MARINE
2.MAXIMUM SYN-RIFTDEEP MARINE
3.EARLY POST-RIFT SHALLOW MARINE/DELTAIC
4.POST RIFT SHALLOW MARINE TO DEEP MARINE
BASIN DEFORMATION
1. EXTENSION  CONTRACTIONINVERSION
1. THE DEEPEST RIFT BASIN THE HIGHEST INVERSION
2. THE DEGREE OF INVERSION IS ALSO A FUNCTION OF FROM WHERE THE
FORCE COMING
3. NEW SMALL BASIN CAN BE BORN DURING INVERSION

2. EXTENSION  STRIKE SLIP  FLOWER STRUCTURE

3. EXTENSION  ADVANCE EXTENSION  BLOCK ROTATION

Petroleum System
 TECTONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF OMBILIN BASIN

POST RIFT F.
SAWAHTAMBANG

LATE SYNRIFT F.
SAWAHLUNTO

EARLY SYNRIFT
F. BRANI/SKRW

PRE RIFT

Synrift : Source rocks and reservoir potensial

Postrift : Reservoir potensial
SOURCE ROCKS POTENTIAS

Type III

DELTAIC
LACUSTRINE
SHALE

LACUSTRINE
SHALE

Type I
RESERVOIR ROCKS
POTENTIAS
FLUVIO-
DELTAIC
SANDSTONE
S

FLUVIAL
SANDSTONE
S

DELTAIC
LACUSTRINE
SAND

LACUSTRINE
TURBIDITE

FLUVIAL
SANDSTONE
RESERVOIR ROCKS
POTENTIAS
FLUVIO-
DELTAIC
SANDSTONE
S

FLUVIAL
SANDSTONE
S

DELTAIC
LACUSTRINE
SAND

LACUSTRIN
E
TURBIDITE

FLUVIAL
SANDSTONE
 BURIAL HISTORY
Method :

• Backstripping

Assumption : (Mc Kenzie 1978)

• Local subsidence
• Asymptotic thickness evolution
• Linear thickness evolution
 BURIAL HISTORY

Tectonic subsidence correction:

• Paleobathymetry
• Eustatic
• Sediment load
HYDROCARBON TRAP
HYDROCARBON TRAP
Various Kinds of Structural Traps

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

 Stratigraphic
Traps

Biddle and Wielchowsky (1994)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

Geographic Extent of Petroleum System

Magoon and Dow (1994)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

 Stratigraphic Extent of Petroleum System

Magoon and Dow (1994)

AWANG H. SATYANA – BPMIGAS

 Petroleum System Events Chart

Magoon and Dow (1994)

Terima Kasih
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