PELAT
Diketahui :
Ditanyakan :
A. Tebal Pelat
B. Penulangan Pelat
C. Gambar dan Detail Penulangan
Penyelesaian :
Pelat dianggap ditumpu bebas pada balok tepi dan terjepit pada balok tengah :
𝐿𝑥 3000
h min = = = 111,11 mm Dua Tumpuan
27 27
𝐿𝑥 3000
h min = = = 81,081 mm Dua Ujung Menerus
37 37
1
Jadi, tebal pelat diambil, h = 120 mm
M = ± 0.001 x WU x Lx² x C
Keterangan :
M = Momen
WU = Beban Terfaktor (1.2 WD + 1.6 WL)
Lx = Bentang terpendek
𝐿𝑦
C = Koefisien yang tergantung dari perbandingan 𝐿𝑥 dan kondisi tumpuan
I. PANEL A
𝐿𝑦 5
= 3 = 1,,667 (Diinterpuolasi), didapatkan :
𝐿𝑥
2
82−79
CLx =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 79 = 81.01
50−51
CLy =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 51 = 50.33
82−79
CTx =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 79 = 81.01
50−51
CTy =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 51 = 50.33
II. PANEL B
𝐿𝑦 5
= 3 = 1.667 (Diinterpolasi), didapatkan :
𝐿𝑥
68 − 62
CLx =[ x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 62 = 66.02
1.7−1.6
77−75
CLy =[ x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 75 = 76.34
1.7−1.6
77−75
CTy =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 75 = 76.34
CTx = 0
3
III. PANEL C
𝐿𝑦 5
= 3 = 1,,667 (Diinterpuolasi), didapatkan :
𝐿𝑥
62 −62
CLx =[ 1.7−1.6 x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 62 = 62
12−13
CLy =[ x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 13 = 12.33
1.7−1.6
62 −62
CTx =[ x (1.667 – 1.6)] + 62 = 62
1.7−1.6
CTy =0
D. Perhitungan Tulangan
Untuk perhitungan tulangan diambil Mₘₐₖₛ dari masing-masing arah semua Panel :\
4
Tebal pelat, h = 120 mm
Penutup beton diambil, p = 20 mm (kondisi kering)
Diperkirakan diameter tulangan Ø = 10 mm
Tinggi efektif d dalam arah x adalah
dx = h – p – ½ Ø
= 120 – 20 – ½(10)
= 95 mm
dy = h – p – ØDx – ½ ØDy
= 120 – 20 – 10 - ½(10)
= 85 m
1) Tulangan Tumpuan
Arah Sumbu X
Mu = MTx = -5.004 kN.m
Mu = Ø x As x fy x (d – a/2) = z , dimana z = (0.85-0.90)dx
Diambil z = 0.85
dx = 0.85 x dx
= 0.85 x 95
= 80.75 mm
Mu = Ø . ρ . b . dx . fy . z
𝑀𝑢
𝜌=
Ø . b . dx . fy . z
5.004 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 95 x 240 x 80.75
𝜌 = 0.0034
𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025 (Dari tabel)
𝑓′𝑐 600
𝜌b = 0.85 x 𝛽₁ 𝑥 𝑓𝑦 x { } 𝛽₁ = 0.85 ( f’c ≤ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
600+𝑓𝑦
15 600
= 0.85 x 0.85 x x{ }
240 600+240
5
= 0.032
𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 x 𝜌b
= 0.75 𝑥 0.032
= 0.024
Syarat : 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥
: 0.0025 ≤ 0.0034 ≤ 0.024 Memenuhi syarat
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 0.0034 x 1000 x 95
= 323 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 225 = 349 mm²
Tulangan pembagi
As = 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 ℎ
= 0.0025 x 1000 x 120
= 300 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 250 = 314 mm²
Arah Sumbu Y
Mu = MTy = -4.716 kN.m
Mu = Ø x As x fy x (d – a/2) = z , dimana z = (0.85-0.90)dy
Diambil z = 0.85 x dy
= 0.85 x 85
= 72.25 mm
Mu = Ø . ρ . b . dx . fy . z
𝑀𝑢
𝜌=
Ø . b . dy . fy . z
4.716 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 85 x 240 x 72.25
𝜌 = 0.004
Syarat : 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥
: 0.0025 ≤ 0.004 ≤ 0.024 Memenuhi syarat
6
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 0.004 x 1000 x 85
= 340 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 225 = 349 mm²
Tulangan pembagi
As = 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 ℎ
= 0.0025 x 1000 x 120
= 300 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 250 = 314 mm²
2) Tulangan Lapangan
Arah Sumbu X
Mu = MLx = 6.76 kN.m
Mu = Ø x As x fy x (d – a/2) = z , dimana z = (0.85-0.90)dx
Diambil z = 0.85 x dx
= 0.85 x 95
= 80.75 mm
Mu = Ø . ρ . b . dx . fy . z
𝑀𝑢
𝜌=
Ø . b . dx . fy . z
5.004 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 95 x 240 x 80.75
𝜌 = 0.0034
Syarat : 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥
: 0.0025 ≤ 0.0034 ≤ 0.024 Memenuhi syarat
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 0.0034 x 1000 x 95
= 323 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 225 = 349 mm²
7
Arah Sumbu Y
Mu = MLy = 4.716 kN.m
Mu = Ø x As x fy x (d – a/2) = z , dimana z = (0.85-0.90)dy
Diambil z = 0.85 x dy
= 0.85 x 85
s = 72.25 mm
Mu = Ø . ρ . b . dx . fy . z
𝑀𝑢
𝜌=
Ø . b . dy . fy . z
4.716 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 85 x 240 x 72.25
𝜌 = 0.004
Syarat : 𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥
: 0.0025 ≤ 0.004 ≤ 0.024 Memenuhi syarat
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 0.004 x 1000 x 85
= 340 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅10 – 225 = 349 mm²
2.502 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 95 x 240 x 80.75
𝜌 = 0.0017
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 0.0017 x 1000 x 95
8
= 161.5mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅8 – 250 = 201 mm²
Tulangan pembagi
Tulangan pembagi pun tidak perlu ditentukan
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅8 – 250 = 201 mm²
Arah Sumbu Y
Mu = MTiy = 2.358 kN.m
Mu = Ø x As x fy x (d – a/2) = z , dimana z = (0.85-0.90)dx
Diambil z = 0.85 x dy
= 0.85 x 85
= 72.25 mm
Mu = Ø . ρ . b . dx . fy . z
𝑀𝑢
𝜌=
Ø . b . dy . fy . z
2.358 𝑥 10⁶
𝜌=
0.8 x 1000 x 85 x 240 x 72.25
𝜌 = 0.002
As = 𝜌 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 0.002 x 1000 x 85
= 170 mm²
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅8 – 250 = 201 mm²
Tulangan Pembagi
Tulangan pembagi pun tidak perlu ditentukan
Jadi, digunakan tulangan dengan ∅8 – 250 = 201 mm²
9
Kesimpulan
1. Tulangan tumpuan arah sumbu x digunakan tulangan ∅10 – 225 dan tulangan
pembagi ∅10 – 250
2. Tulangan tumpuan arah sumbu y digunakan tulangan ∅10 – 225 dan tulangan
pembagi ∅10 – 250
5. Tulangan tumpuan akibat momen jepit tak terduga arah sumbu x digunakan tulangan
∅8 – 250 dan tulangan pembagi ∅8 – 250
6. Tulangan tumpuan akibat momen jepit tak terduga arah sumbu y digunakan
tulangan ∅8 – 250 dan tulangan pembagi ∅8 – 250
10
B. Balok
Beban Pelat
WD Pelat = ½ x Wu x Lx
= ½ x 6.864 x 5
= 17,16 KN/m
Beban Segitiga diratakan
= 2/3 x WD Pelat
11
= 2/3 x 17,16
= 11.44 KN/m
Berat Sendiri Balok (WDBalok)
WD = 1,2 x WD
= 1,2 x (0,25 x 0,35 x 24)
= 2.52 KN/m
Beban Tembok (WDTembok)
WD = 1 m x 2.5 kN/m2
= 2.5 kN/m
Beban Total (Wu)
WU = Beban segitiga diratakan + Berat sendiri Balok + Berat Tembok
= 11.44 + 2.52 + 2.5
= 16.46 KN/m
c. Menghitung Beban-beban yang bekerja
1. Momen Tumpuan
1
MTA = MTB = x Wu x l2
24
= 1
x 16.46 x 52
24
= 17.15 KN m
1
MTC = MTE = x Wu x l2
10
= 1
x 16.46 x 52
10
= 41.15 KN m
1
MTD = x Wu x l2
11
= 1
x 16.46 x 52
11
= 37.41 KN m
2. Momen Lapangan
12
1
MLap AC = MLap BE = x Wu x l2
11
= 1
x 16.46 x 52
11
= 37.41 KN m
1
MLap CD = MLap DE = x Wu x l2
16
= 1
x 16.46 x 52
16
= 25.72 KN m
d. Perhitungan Tulangan
Data :
1.4 1.4
o
𝜌 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.0058
𝑓𝑦 240
𝑓′𝑐 600
o 𝜌b = 0.85 x 𝛽₁ 𝑥 x{ } 𝛽₁ = 0.85 ( f’c ≤ 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑓𝑦 600+𝑓𝑦
15 600
= 0.85 x 0.85 x x{ }
240 600+240
= 0.032
o 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 x 𝜌b
= 0.75 𝑥 0.032
= 0.024
Tinggi efektif d adalah :
d = h – p – øsengkang – ½ øtul.utama
= 350 – 40 – 8 – ½ (12)
= 296 mm
Mmax
o Mn = dimana ∅ = 0,8 ( Lentur )
∅
13
41.15
=
0.8
= 51.44 KN.m
Kontrol Tulangan
600
i. Xb =( ) . 29.6 = 21.14 cm
600+240
Cmaks 429.71
iv. Asmaks = = = 0,0018 m2 = 18 cm2
fy 240000
v. a = β1 x Xmaks
= 0.85 x 15.86
= 13.48 cm
a
vi. Mnmaks= C ( d - )
2
0.135
= 429.71 x ( 0.296 - )
2
= 98.19 KN.m
Mnmaks = Mnc
14
Mu = 17.15 kNm
𝑀𝑢 17.15
= = 782.96 kN/m²
𝑏𝑑² 0.250 𝑥 0.296²
Mu/ 𝑏𝑑² p
700 0.0038
800 0.0043
(0.0043−0.0038)
P=[ 𝑥 (782.96 − 700)] + 0.0038 = 0.0042
(800−700)
Asti = 𝜌 x b x d x 106
= 0.0042 x 0.250 x 0.296 x 106
= 310.8 mm²
Jadi digunakan tulangan 𝟑 ∅ 𝟏𝟒 = 462 mm²
Mu = 41.15 KNm
𝑀𝑢 41.15
= = 1878.65 kN/m²
𝑏𝑑² 0.250 𝑥 0.296²
Mu/ 𝑏𝑑² P
1800 0.0104
1900 0.0110
(0.0110−0.0104)
P=[ 𝑥 (1878.65 − 1800)] + 0.0104 = 0.0109
(1900−1800)
15
= 806.6 mm²
Jadi digunakan tulangan 𝟔 ∅ 𝟏𝟒 = 924 mm²
Mu = 37.41 KNm
𝑀𝑢 37.41
= = 1707,91 kN/m²
𝑏𝑑² 0.250 𝑥 0.296²
Mu/ 𝑏𝑑² P
1700 0.0097
1800 0.0104
(0.0104−0.0097)
P=[ 𝑥 (1707.91 − 1700)] + 0.0097 = 0.0098
(1800−1700)
Mu = 37.41 KNm
𝑀𝑢 37.41
= = 1707,91 kN/m²
𝑏𝑑² 0.250 𝑥 0.296²
Mu/ 𝑏𝑑² P
1700 0.0097
1800 0.0104
16
(0.0104−0.0097)
P=[ 𝑥 (1707.91 − 1700)] + 0.0097 = 0.0098
(1800−1700)
Mu = 25.72 KNm
𝑀𝑢 25.72
= = 1174.21 kN/m²
𝑏𝑑² 0.250 𝑥 0.296²
Mu/ 𝑏𝑑² P
1100 0.0061
1200 0.0067
(0.0067−0.0061)
P=[ 𝑥 (1174.21 − 1100)] + 0.0061 = 0.0065
(1200−1100)
17
TULANGAN GESER
1 1
• Vu = 𝑊𝑈. 𝐿 = x 16.46 x 5 = 41.15 KN
2 2
l
(2 − d)
• Vuef = l Vu
2
5
( − 0.296)
2
= 5 x 41.15
2
= 36.28 KN
1
• ØVc = Ø √f′c
6
1
= 0.6 . √15
6
= 0.387 Mpa
18
Menghitung lokasi dimana : Vu = ØVc = 0.387 Mpa
0.387 x
=
0.49 2.204
x = 1.74 m
y = 2.5 - x
= 3 - 1.74
= 0.76 m
b . y 250 x 760
As sengkang min = = = 263.89 mm2
3 . fy 3 x 240
Bentang 296 mm
( Vu − ØVc ) x b x 296
As sengkang =
Ø fy
( 0.49 − 0.387 ) x 250 x 296
=
0.6 x 240
7622
=
144
= 52.93 mm2
Untuk permeter
52.93
= 178.82 mm2 Pakai tul. Ø8 – 125 = 804 mm2 > 708.34 mm2
0.296
19
Bentang 1265 mm
(Vu − ØVc ) rata−rata x b x 1265
As sengkang =
Ø fy
1
( 1.13 − 0.45 ) x 250 x 1265
2
=
0.6 x 400
107525
=
240
= 448.02 mm2
Untuk permeter
448.02
= 354.17 mm2 Pakai tul. Ø8 – 250 = 402 mm2 > 354.74 mm2
1.265
20