APPENDIKS

PERHITUNGAN TEORITIS
T = 30 °C
Ρ =995.68 kg/m3
µ = 0.0008007 kg/m.s
Q = 13 L/menit = 0.000216667 m3/s
g = 9.8 m2/s
α = 1, karena aliran dalam pipa adalah aliran turbulen
z1 = 2.1 m
z2 = 0.52

 Digunakan asumsi bahwa v1 = 0 m/s karena pada saat itu air akan tepat bergerak, sehingga
𝑣1 = 0 m/s
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 Q 0.000216667 m3 /s
𝑣2 = = = 1.710389 m/s
luas permukaan pipa 3/4" 0.000126677 m2
 Menghitung MEB (Mechanical Energi Balance) pada sistem :
1 𝛥𝑃
(𝑣22 − 𝑣12 ) + 𝑔(𝑧1 − 𝑧2) + + ∑F + Ws = 0
2 𝜌
Dimana Ws dan ΔP bernilai 0, maka didapatkan nilai :
ΣF = 16.9467 J/kg
 Menghitung laju air v pada masing masing luas permukaan pipa yang digunakan
𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 Q 0.000216667 m3 /s
𝑣a = = = 0.760173 m/s
luas permukaan pipa 1/2" 0.000285023 m2
𝑣b = 𝑣2 = 1.710389 m/s

PERHITUNGAN DESAIN
DESAIN 1
1. friction loss reducer dari pipa 3/4" ke 1/2"
𝐴2 𝑣𝑎 0.000127 m2 1.710389 m/s
ℎ𝑐 = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.44694 𝐽/kg
𝐴1 2𝛼 0.000285 m2 2
2. friction loss dari pipa lurus 3/4"
Total ΔL = 4.13 m
F= 0.006
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑎2 4.13 m 0.760173 2
F𝑓1 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.006) = 1.50335255 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.01905 m 2

A-1
 3. friction loss dari pipa lurus 1/2"
Total ΔL = 2.53 m
f = 0.005
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑏 2 2.53 m 1.7103892
F𝑓2 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.005) = 5.827823059 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.0127 m 2
4. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 3/4"
𝑣𝑎2 0.760173 2
ℎ𝑓1 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 0.216698442 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓1 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓1 = 7 (0.216698442) = 1.51689 𝐽/kg
5. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 1/2"
𝑣𝑏 2 1.7103892
ℎ𝑓2 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 1.097035 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓2 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓2 = 7 (1.097035) = 7.679251 𝐽/kg

ΣF1 = hc + Ff1 + Ff2 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓1 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓2

= 16.97426
(ΣF1 − ΣFa) (16.97426 − 16.9467)
Error Teoritis = 100 % = 100 % = 0.16252 %
ΣFa 16.9467

DESAIN 2
6. friction loss reducer dari pipa 3/4" ke 1/2"
𝐴2 𝑣𝑎 0.000127 m2 1.710389 m/s
ℎ𝑐 = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.44694 𝐽/kg
𝐴1 2𝛼 0.000285 m2 2
7. friction loss dari pipa lurus 3/4"
Total ΔL = 4.65 m
F= 0.006
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑎2 4.65 m 0.760173 2
F𝑓1 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.006) = 1.692636649 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.01905 m 2
8. friction loss dari pipa lurus 1/2"
Total ΔL = 2.53 m
f = 0.005
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑏 2 2.53 m 1.7103892
F𝑓2 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.005) = 5.827823059 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.0127 m 2
9. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 3/4"
𝑣𝑎2 0.760173 2
ℎ𝑓1 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 0.216698442 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓1 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓1 = 8 (0.216698442) = 1.300191 𝐽/kg
10. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 1/2"

A-2
 𝑣𝑏 2 1.7103892
ℎ𝑓2 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 1.097035 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓2 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓2 = 7 (1.097035) = 7.679251 𝐽/kg

ΣF2 = hc + Ff1 + Ff2 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓1 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓2

= 16.9468419
(ΣF2 − ΣFa) (16.9468419 − 16.9467)
Error Teoritis = 100 % = 100 % = 0.00083733116 %
ΣFa 16.9467

DESAIN 3
1. friction loss reducer dari pipa 3/4" ke 1/2"
𝐴2 𝑣𝑎 0.000127 m2 1.710389 m/s
ℎ𝑐 = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.55 (1 − ) = 0.44694 𝐽/kg
𝐴1 2𝛼 0.000285 m2 2
2. friction loss dari pipa lurus 3/4"
Total ΔL = 3.17 m
F= 0.006
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑎2 3.17 m 0.760173 2
F𝑓1 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.006) = 1.45239145 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.01905 m 2
3. friction loss dari pipa lurus 1/2"
Total ΔL = 3.17 m
f = 0.005
∆𝐿 𝑣𝑏 2 3.17 m 1.7103892
F𝑓2 = 4𝑓 = 4(0.005) = 7.30205498 𝐽/kg
𝐷 2𝛼 0.0127 m 2
4. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 3/4"
𝑣𝑎2 0.760173 2
ℎ𝑓1 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 0.216698442 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓1 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓1 = 11 (0.216698442) = 2.38368 𝐽/kg
5. friction loss pada elbow 90° pipa 1/2"
𝑣𝑏 2 1.7103892
ℎ𝑓2 = 𝐾𝑓 = 0.75 = 1.097035 𝐽/kg
2𝛼 2
𝛴ℎ𝑓2 = jumlah elbow . ℎ𝑓2 = 5 (1.097035) = 5.48518 𝐽/kg

ΣF2 = hc + Ff1 + Ff2 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓1 + 𝛴ℎ𝑓2

= 17.07025
(ΣF3 − ΣFa) (17.07025 − 16.9467)
Error Teoritis = 100 % = 100 % = 0.7290504936 %
ΣFa 16.9467

A-3
PERHITUNGAN PRAKTIKUM

DESAIN 1
1. Data Percobaan
V1 = 1 L ; V2 = 0.95 L; V3 = 0.92 L
t=3s
2. Perhitungan flowrate
V1 60 s 1 60 s
Q1 = = = 20 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V2 60 s 0.95 60 s
Q2 = = = 19 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V3 60 s 0.92 60 s
Q3 = = = 18.4 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit

Q1 + Q2 + Q3 20 + 19 + 18.4
Qavg = = = 19.1 L/menit
3 3
(Qavg − Q) (19.1 − 13)
Error sebenarnya = 100 % = 100 % = 46.9 %
Q 13

DESAIN 2
1. Data Percobaan
V1 = 0.68 L ; V2 = 0.7 L; V3 = 0.82 L
t=3s
2. Perhitungan flowrate
V1 60 s 0.68 60 s
Q1 = = = 13.6 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V2 60 s 0.7 60 s
Q2 = = = 14 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V3 60 s 0.82 60 s
Q3 = = = 16.4 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit

Q1 + Q2 + Q3 13.6 + 14 + 16.4
Qavg = = = 14.6 L/menit
3 3
(Qavg − Q) (14.6 − 13)
Error sebenarnya = 100 % = 100 % = 12.3 %
Q 13

A-4
DESAIN 3
1. Data Percobaan
V1 = 0.72 L ; V2 = 0.7 L; V3 = 0.75 L
t=3s
2. Perhitungan flowrate
V1 60 s 0.72 60 s
Q1 = = = 14.4 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V2 60 s 0.7 60 s
Q2 = = = 14 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit
V3 60 s 0.75 60 s
Q3 = = = 15 L/menit
t menit 3 s menit

Q1 + Q2 + Q3 13.6 + 14 + 16.4
Qavg = = = 14.4 L/menit
3 3
(Qavg − Q) (14.4 − 13)
Error sebenarnya = 100 % = 100 % = 10.8 %
Q 13

A-5