Halaman
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING .................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... x
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................ 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................................. 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Tempurung Kelapa .............................................................................. 4
2.2 Abu Batu Bara (Coal Fly Ash) ............................................................ 7
2.3 Adsorpsi. ............................................................................................. 9
2.3.1 Jenis-Jenis Adsorpsi ............................................................. 10
2.3.2 Tempat Terjadinya Adsorpsi ................................................ 11
2.3.3 Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Adsorpsi ..................... 12
2.3.4 Kinetika Adsorpsi ................................................................. 14
2.3.5 Adsorpsi Isotermal................................................................ 14
2.4 Adsorben ............................................................................................. 17
2.5 Arang Aktif ......................................................................................... 18
2.5.1 Struktur Arang Aktif............................................................. 19
2.5.2 Proses Pembuatan Karbon Aktif .......................................... 21
2.5.3 Klasifikasi Karbon Aktif ...................................................... 24
2.6 Methylene Blue .................................................................................... 24
2.7 Referensi Jurnal Terkait ..................................................................... 25
BAB III METODELOGI PENELITIAN
iv
3.1 Tempat dan Waktu ............................................................................. 29
3.2 Bahan dan Alat ................................................................................... 29
3.3 Variabel Penelitian
3.3.1 Variabel Tetap ...................................................................... .30
3.3.2 Variabel Berubah .................................................................. .30
3.4 Rancangan Penelitian .......................................................................... .30
3.5 Prosedur Percobaan
3.5.1 Proses Karbonisasi Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa ........... .31
3.5.2 Proses Aktivasi Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa dan Fly Ash
Batu Bara.............................................................................. .32
3.5.3 Prosedur Daya Serap terhadap Methylene Blue.................... .33
3.6 Analisis Parameter Uji
3.6.1 Karakterisasi Adsorben ........................................................ .33
3.6.2 Analisa Filtrat ....................................................................... .34
3.7 Rancangan dan Jadwal Pelaksanaan Penelitian................................... .35
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Analisa Scanning Electron Miscoscope (SEM) .................................. 37
4.2 Analisa Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) ..................................... 38
4.3 Analisa X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) ....................................................... 39
4.4 Pengaruh Jenis Adsorben Terhadap Efisiensi dan Kapasitas
Penyerapan Methylene Blue ............................................................... 41
4.5 Pengaruh Waktu Kontak Terhadap Efisiensi dan Kapasitas
Penyerapan Methylene Blue ............................................................... 43
4.6 Isoterm Adsorpsi ................................................................................. 45
BAB V KESIMPULAN
5.1 Kesimpulam ........................................................................................ .48
5.2 Saran . ................................................................................................. 49
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... .50
LAMPIRAN A DATA PENGAMATAN .......................................................... 57
LAMPIRAN C CONTOH PERHITUNGAN ................................................... 65
LAMPIRAN D GAMBAR .................................................................................. 70
v
DAFTAR GAMBAR
vi
Gambar 4.6 Pengaruh waktu kontak terhadap efisiensi penyerapan methylene
blue dengan adsorben TK:FA 70:30 pada konsentrasi awal adsorbat
93,38 ppm ........................................................................................ 44
Gambar 4.7 Pengaruh waktu kontak terhadap kapasitas penyerapan methylene
blue dengan adsorben TK:FA 70:30 terkombinasi pada konsentrasi
awal adsorbat 93,38 ppm ................................................................. 45
Gambar 4.8 Model isotherm Langmuir pada penyerapan methylene blue dengan
menggunakan adsorben TK:FA 70:30 terkombinasi ....................... 46
Gambar 4.9 Model isotherm Freundlich pada penyerapan methylene blue degan
menggunakan adsorben TK:FA 70:30 terkombinasi ....................... 46
vii
DAFTAR TABEL
viii
ABSTRAK
Key words : fly ash, tempurung kelapa, arang aktif, adsorpsi, methylene
blue
ix
ABSTRACT
Coconut shell is the biggest solid waste in Aceh. Meanwhile, fly ash
also represents solid waste at PLTU Nagan Raya in Aceh. Coconut
shell and fly ash have potency as adsorbent. This research aim to
characterize the adsorbent of active charcoal of coconut shell and fly
ash combination and to know the methylene blue removal by the
combination adsorbents. Active charcoal of coconut shell and fly ash
are combined with comparison of TK:FA 100:0; TK:FA 70:30;
TK:FA 30:70 and TK:FA 0:100. Then, adsorbent is activated by
chemical activation using H2SO4 0,1 M and physics activation using
furnace at temperature 600ᵒC during 3 hours. Adsorbent is
characterize using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to know
morphology structure, Fourier Transform Infra-Red
Spectrophotometer (FTIR) to know function bunch, X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD) to know crystalline structure. Adsorbent is used to
remove methylene blue. Result of research indicate that the best
adsorption efficiency happen at TK:FA 100:0 and TK:FA 70:30
adsorbent. Adsorption efficiency of methylene blue using TK:FA
100:0 and TK:FA 70:30 adsorbent successively are 97,141 and
53,759 %. Adsorption capacity of TK:FA 100:0 and TK:FA 70:30
adsorbent for methylene blue are 45,355 and 25,1 mg/gr.