Bq Bizesie YiueemeceR Decha Sree a8roler yrblne clrwabrt age anche uggutoron — Silt ah mr Bx belittle bu chinncdar efe alone Kl Ince Cicer Basing & Kop lee En chest de creek letlandan —silindvie wap LUiresel bernch haphhr rncedneceltir. ince cian ofmage Usaca + a — 200 eptsiels: de qasterebilirie. co wat er te feces Ctr lee ge indie bewwnom gene lagedeauiain, hogan oberg babii ype babi Lie Siindiee Kepler O , Keveeset gerive (veg Stress) q Tt Boyan (eserek ) 4 erilme ‘ “th 9EGO Ala 4) T- eC te 4) =O Po ee t a es ae (2tre )=7(a2) _o = PC Ze Ex. Gps Pde iki ekserds gertme hati Greonist stress) ASExample 14-1 + A cylindrical pressure vessel has an inner diameter of 4 ft anda thick= ness of in, Determine the maximum internal pressure it can sustain so that ‘either its citcumferenial nor its longitudinal stress component exceeds 20 ksi. Under the same conditions, what isthe maximum internal pressure ‘that a similarsize spherical vessel can sustain? SOLUTION Colindrical Pressure Vessel. The maximum stress occurs in the circum ferential direction. From Eq. 14-1 we have 2otipnt = B2Lind [Note that when this pressure is reached, from Eq. 14-2, the stress in the longitudinal direction will be o> = 420 ksi) = 10 ksi. Furthermore, the maximum stress inthe radial direction occurs on the material at the inner wall of the vessel and is (Os)mux = p = 417 psi. This value is 48 times smaller than the circumferential stress (20 ksi), and as tated ear, its effec will be neglected, ‘Spherical Vessel. Here the maximum stess occurs in any two perpenic. lar directions on an element ofthe vessel, Fig. 14—2a. From Eq. 14-3, we have pr 24 in.) =F, kiprin? = 2C4 in.) 2 2 Rn Odin) p= 833 psi Ans: Although itis more difficult o fabricate, the spherical pressure vessel will carry twice as much internal pressure as a cylindrical verseExample 14-2, ssseareuuarecicn sncscmmmmenaa” ‘A force of 150 Ibis applied to the edge of the member shown in Fig. 14-3a. Neglect the weight ofthe member and determine the state of stress at points B and C. : SOLUTION Internal Loadings, The member is sectioned through 8 and C. For equi- librium atthe section there must be an axial force of 150 Ib acting through the centroid and a bending moment of 750 Ib in. about the centroidal or principal ais, Fig. 14-36 Stress Components Normal Force. ‘Tee uniform normal-stess distribution due tthe normal force is shown in Fig. 14—3c, Here P1501 oO A” Goings ing "75 Bending Moment. The normalsress distribution due to the bending ‘moment is shown in Fig. 143d, The maximum stress is ‘Me __730 in in?) Poe <7 ~ Te inj00 in.) 1.25 psi Superposition. Ifthe above normal-stress distributions are added alge braically, the resultant tess distribution is shown in Fig, 14—3e. Although i is not needed here, the location of the line of zero stress can be deter- ‘mined by proportional tangles; i... TS psi__15 pst x (din. 2 x= 3.33 in, Elements of material at B and C are subjected only to normal or tuniasial stress as shown in Fig, 14-3f and 143g, Hence, S psi (tension) Ans, 5 psi__(compression) Ans. Isp (om Normal Force Bening Moment Combined Long © @ eo Piso Fig. M3 SeeleyThe member shown in Fig. 14-40 has a rectangular eross section Determine the state of stress thatthe loading produces at point C. 15454 a 21934 rd 21988 Fig. 14-4 SOLUTION Internal Loadings. ‘The support reactions on the member have been computed and are shown in Fig. 14~4b. If the left segment AC of the ‘member is considered, Fig. 14-4c, the resultant intemal loadings at the Section consist of « normal force, a shear force, and a bending moment Solving, N= 1645 kN 1.93 KN -M= 32.89 KN =mpew OC EE c= 6015 MPs o ‘Stress Components Normal Force. ‘The force is produced by a uniform normal-stress distri fhtion over the cross section, At point C, Fig. 14~4d, thas a magnitude of 1645 EN © * (9.050 myx0.250 m) Shear Force. Here the area A’ = 0, since point Cis located a the top of he member. ‘Thus Q=3°A’ = and for C, Fig. 44, the shear stess 32 MPa re=0 :25 mm from the neutral Bending Moment, Point Cis located ty anis,s0 the normal stress at C, Fig. 14-4f, is “Me _ (32.89 KN my0.125 m) T [is (0.050 my0.250)) 63.15 MPa Superposition. The shear stress is zero. Adding the norma stresses com- puted above gives a compressive stress at C having a value of c= 1.32 MPa + 63.15 MPa = 64.5 MP3 Ans. “This result, acting on an element at C, is shown in Fig, 14-48394 CH. 14 COMBINED LOADINGS Example 14-4 = = ‘The solid rod shown in Fig. 14-Sa has a radius of 0.75 in. If itis Subjected 10 the loading shown, determine the state of stress at point A 1.200% sep @ Fig. 14-5 SoLuTION Internal Loadings. The rod is sectioned through point A. Using the free-body diagram of segment AB, Fig. 14-56, the resultant intemal load. ings can be determined for equilitrium, The normal force (300 Tb) and shear force (800 1b) must act through the centroid of the eross section and the bending-moment components (8000 Tb in. and 7000 Ib in.) are ap plied about centoidal (principal) axes. In order to beter “visualize the stress distributions duc to each of these loadings, we will consider the equal but opposite resultans acting on segment AC of the rod, Fig. 14 Se,7000 in won “ 500 Ib + + + cesewinwy— Negugee—atme Meg nn Stress Components, Normal Force. The normal-stess distribution is shown in Fig, 14-Sd. For point A, we have <= 00 A OTS ine = 283 pai = 0.283 ksi Shear Force. The shear-stress distribution is shown in Fig. 14-5e. For point A, Q is determined from the shaded semicircular area. Using the fable on the inside front cover, we have ya = 8025) [1.5 (o75in)'] 02 sia’ = M0789 [25 (075:n) | = 0.2615 so that Vo ___ 800 140.2813 i”) = 604 psi = 0.604 ksi te (er (0.75 in. ]Q(0.75 in.) ending Momens.. For the 000-0 in. component, pint Ales on the neutral axis Fig. 14-Sf, 0 the nosmal ess is ano For the 700041 in, moment, € An Fig, MSs, | Me__ 70001 in (075 in) 17 (O73 in) Torsional Moment. At pont A, py = ¢~ 0.75 in, Fig. 14-Sh. Ths the shear sess is Te _ 11,200 to in.(0-35 in) - Sin) = y6.901 psi J {Er (075 in.) ls 0.75 in., $0 the normal stress at point am 21,126 psi = 20.12 ksi 16.90 st Superposition. When the above results are superimposed, it seen that an clement of material at A is subjected to both normal and shear stress components, Fig. 145i + ¥ Gans Gros Saakins” “TRE Otis + 690% “Ge.= Example 145 mma ssp ss: ‘The rectangular block of negligible weight in Fig. 14~6a is subjected to a vertical force of 40 KN, which is applied to its commer, Determine the normal-stess distribution acting on a section through ABCD. oN Fig. 14-6 Internal Loadings. If we consider the equilibrium of the bottom segment of the block, Fig. 14~6b, itis seen thatthe 40-KN force must act through the centroid of the cross section and s¥o beading-moment components ‘must also act about the centrodal or principal axes of inertia forthe sec Stress Components Normal Force. “The uniform normal-sress distribution is showa in Fig 14-66. We have P_40KN =o = ON 0 105 kPa A O8m04m ~* Bending Moments. The normal-stess distribution for the 8-KN + m mo- ‘ment is shown in Fig. 146d, The maximum stress is Macy 8 XN- 0.2 m) 1, THO.8 m\0.4 my") Likewise, forthe 16-KN - m momeat, Fig. 14-6, the maximum nor mal stress is 375 kPa = My __I6KN-mO0.4 m) nu = a5 kPa 7, TOA myOR mymses oma foe ‘Bending moet Benting nome Combined aig cok ‘ati ‘asim © © © o rerpestion. The normal stess at each comer point can be determined by algebraic addition, Assuming that tensile stress is positive, we have oq = —125 4 375 + 375 = 625 KPa oy = ~125 ~ 315 +375 = ~125 KPa oc = =125 ~ 315 ~ 375 = ~875 kPa =125 +375 ~ 375 = ~125 kPa Since the sess distributions due to bending moment are linear, the resultant sess distribution is also Tinear and therefore looks like that ‘Shown in Fig, 14-6. The line of zero stess can be located along each side by proportional triangles. From the figure we require (4m “eas kPa ‘125 KPa 6 = 0.0667 m and 8mm __h 625 KPa 125 kPa f= 0.133 m