DAFTAR ISI

Bab Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ..................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................. iv

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ........................................................................... x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................ 1

A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1

B. Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................... 4
C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 4
D. Hipotesis ..................................................................................... 5
E. Manfaat ...................................................................................... 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ............................................................... 6

A. Kerangka Teoritis ........................................................................ 6

1. Demam Typoid ...................................................................... 6
a. Definisi Demam Typoid ..................................................... 6
b. Epidemiologi ..................................................................... 7
c. Etiologi .............................................................................. 8
2. Diagnose Demam Typoid ...................................................... 10
a. Pemeriksaan Bakteriologis ............................................... 11
b. Pemeriksaan Serologi Widal ............................................. 12
c. Teknik Molekuler ............................................................... 14
3. Sedimen Urine ...................................................................... 15
a. Unsur Organik ................................................................... 15
1) Eritrosit ......................................................................... 15
2) Leukosit ........................................................................ 16
3) Sel epitel ....................................................................... 17
4) Silinder.......................................................................... 19
5) Bakteri .......................................................................... 24
6) Sel ragi ......................................................................... 25

vi
 b. Unsur Anorganik ............................................................... 26
1) Kalsium Oksallat ........................................................... 26
2) Triple fosfat ................................................................... 27
3) Asam Urat..................................................................... 28
4) Sistin ............................................................................. 29
5) Leusin dan Tirosin ........................................................ 29
6) Kristal Kolesterol ........................................................... 30
B. Kerangka Konsep ........................................................................ 32

BAB III METODELOGI PENELITIAN .................................................... 33

A. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................... 33

B. Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................. 33
C. Populasi dan Sampel .................................................................. 34
D. Besar Sampel.............................................................................. 34
E. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel....................................................... 34
F. Variabel Sampel .......................................................................... 34
G. Definisi Operasional .................................................................... 35
H. Jenis dan Skala Data .................................................................. 35
I. Cara Pengumpulan Data ............................................................. 36
J. Alur Kerja .................................................................................... 40
K. Cara Pengolahan Data dan Analisis Data ................................... 41

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 43

vii
 DAFTAR TABEL

No Teks Halaman

Tabel 3.1. Jenis Data dan Skala Data .................................................... 35

Tabel 3.2. Pengenceran Titer Antibodi ................................................... 38

Tabel 3.3. Pengolahan Data Pengaruh Variasi Titer Widal

Salmonella typhi O dan Salmonella typhi H Terhadap Jenis

dan Jumlah Sedimen Urine .................................................. 41

viii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR
No Teks Halaman

Gambar 2.1. Eritrosit .............................................................................. 16

Gambar 2.2. Leukosit............................................................................. 17

Gambar 2.3. Epitel Tubulus ................................................................... 18

Gambar 2.4. Epitel Skuamosa ............................................................... 19

Gambar 2.5. Silinder Hyalin ................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.6. Silinder Eritrosit ................................................................. 22

Gambar 2.7. SilinderLeukosit ................................................................. 23

Gambar 2.8. Silinder Granula ................................................................ 23

Gambar 2.9. Silinder Lilin ....................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.10. Ragi................................................................................. 26

Gambar 2.11. Kalsium Oksalat .............................................................. 27

Gambar 2.12. Triphle Phosphate ........................................................... 28

Gambar 2.13. Kristal Asam Urat ............................................................ 29

Gambar 2.14. Cystine ............................................................................ 29

Gambar 2.15. Leusin dan Tyrocine ........................................................ 30

Gambar 2.16.Kristal Kolesterol .............................................................. 31

ix
 DAFTAR SINGKATAN

OMP : Outer Membrane Protein

RISKESDAS : Riset kesehatan Dasar

% : Persen

NTB : Nusa Tenggara Barat

ISK : Infeksi Saluran Kemih

DT : Demam Typoid

S. typhi : Salmonella typhi

WHO : World Health Organization

0C : Derajat Celcius

pH : Potensial Hidrogen

BM : Berat Molekul

kDa : Kilodalton

DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction

Sel/LPK : Sel per Lapang Pandang Kecil

PMN : Polymorphonuclear

ml : Mililiter

Ca : Kalsium

mg : Miligram

NH3 : Amoniak

µl : Mikroliter

LPB : Lapang Pandang Besar

rpm : Rotasi Per Menit