ABSTRAK

PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE 0.2%

DAN EKSTRAK ETHANOL BUNGA KECICANG (Etlingera elatior)
TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VITRO
Kim Henadi[1]
[1]
Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran Gigi dan Profesi Dokter Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana,
Jl. PB. Sudirman, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia,
kim.henadi@gmail.com

Rongga mulut manusia dalam kondisi sehat memiliki normal flora yang terdiri dari
beberapa kelompok mikroorganisme majemuk dalam skala besar. Staphylococcus aureus
(S. aureus) adalah salah satu normal flora rongga mulut yang sering dijumpai menjadi
pathogen beberapa kasus penyakit gigi (periodontitis, osteomyelitis) maupun gangguan
sistemik lainnya (endocarditis, pneumonia, dan infeksi saluran kencing). Penatalaksanaan
infeksi dalam kedokteran gigi umumnya menggunakan antibiotik berspektrum luas
golongan anti β-laktam seperti amoxycillin dan vancomycin. Namun, dewasa ini banyak
terdapat kasus resistensi antibiotik oleh bakteri. S.aureus. Kemudian digunakan
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 0.2% untuk penatalaksanaan infeksi S. aureus untuk
menghindari kasus resistensi antibiotik. Kelebihan CHX yaitu memiliki daya antibakteri
luas dengan toksisitas yang relatif rendah. Kelemahan CHX yaitu: menyebabkan rasa
pahit menyengat, diskolorisasi, erosi mukosa serta penelitian terbaru menunjukan
terdapat strain baru S. aureus yang resisten terhadap penggunaan CHX jangka panjang.
Kecicang atau bongkot adalah tumbuhan yang mudah ditemukan di Bali, dimanfaatkan
sebagai rempah serta obat tradisional. Kecicang mengandung katekin dan alkaloid
sehingga berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri alternatif. Pembuatan ekstrak kecicang
dengan metode maserasi, bunga kecicang dipotong kecil dan diendapkan etanol 96%
selama 24 jam, kemudian dievaporasi hingga didapatkan ekstrak terpurifikasi selanjutnya
dibuat seri pengenceran 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Kemudian dilakukan uji analisis
fitokimia dan pengukuran uji daya hambat sampel terhadap S. aureus dengan metode
difusi cakram oleh dua orang mata pengamat. Setelah itu, hasil dirata-rata dan
dibandingkan untuk ditarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan ulasan tersebut, penulis akan
melakukan penelitian untuk menguji perbandingan daya hambat Chlorhexidine 0.2% dan
ekstrak bunga Etlingera elatior (kecicang) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara
in vitro.

Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus, resistensi bakteri, fitokimia, ekstrak bunga kecicang
(Etlingera elatior), Chlorhexidine

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 ABSTRACT
COMPARISON OF 0.2% CHLORHEXIDINE AND Etlingera elatior
FLOWER EXTRACT (KECICANG) INHIBITION RATE AGAINST
(Staphylococcus aureus) BACTERIA (IN VITRO)
Kim Henadi[1]
[1]
Department of Bachelor Dentistry and Clinical Dentist, Medical Faculty, Udayana
University, P.B Sudirman street, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
kim.henadi@gmail.com
The human oral cavity in a healthy condition has a normal flora consisting of
several groups of compound microorganisms on a large scale. Staphylococcus
aureus (S. aureus) is one of the normal oral flora which is often found to be a
pathogen in some cases of dental disease (periodontitis, osteomyelitis) and other
systemic disorders (endocarditis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections).
Management of infections in dentistry generally uses antibiotics with broad-
spectrum anti-lactam groups such as amoxycillin and vancomycin. However,
today there are many cases of antibiotic resistance by S.aureus. Then
Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 0.2% was used for the management of S. aureus
infection to avoid antibiotic resistance cases. The advantage of CHX is that it has
broad antibacterial power with relatively low toxicity. The weakness of CHX is
that it causes stinging, discoloration, mucosal erosion and recent research shows
that there is a new strain of S. aureus that is resistant to long-term CHX use.
Kecicang or bongkot is a plant that is easily found in Bali, used as a spice and
traditional medicine. Kecicang contains catechins and alkaloids so it has the
potential as an alternative antibacterial agent. The extraction method by using
maceration technique, small cut flowers precipitated in 95% ethanol for 24 hours,
then evaporated until further purified extracts were obtained, then we would made
series of dilutions of 10%, 20%, 30%,40%, 50%. Then a phytochemical analysis
test was carried out and measurement of the inhibitory test of samples against S.
aureus would be performed by disc diffusion method with two observers. After
that, the results are averaged and compared to conclusions drawn. Based on these
reviews, the author will conduct a study to examine the 0.2% Chlorhexidine
inhibitory ratio and Etlingera elatior flower extract (kecicang) on Staphylococcus
aureus in vitro.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial resistance, phytochemicals, flower
plant extract (Etlingera elatior), Chlorhexidine

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