DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. i

Daftar Isi........................................................................................................... ii
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. ix
Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... xvii
Daftar Grafik .................................................................................................... xix
Daftar Diagram................................................................................................. xxi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
I.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1
I.2. Tujuan Praktikum ...................................................................................... 2
I.3. Ruang Lingkup Praktikum ......................................................................... 2
I.4. Metodologi Praktikum ............................................................................... 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

II.1 Beton ......................................................................................................... 4

II.2. Jenis-jenis Beton ....................................................................................... 6
1. Beton Siklop ..................................................................................... 6
2. Beton Ringan .................................................................................... 7
3. Beton Non Pasir ................................................................................ 7
4. Beton Hampa .................................................................................... 8
5. Beton Bertulang ................................................................................ 8
6. Beton Prategang ................................................................................ 8
7. Beton Pracetak .................................................................................. 9
8. Beton Massa...................................................................................... 9
9. Fero Semen ....................................................................................... 9
10. Beton Serat........................................................................................ 10
11. Beton Normal / Sedang ..................................................................... 10

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 12. Beton Berat ....................................................................................... 10

II.3. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Beton ............................................................ 11

II.3.1. Kelebihan Beton .................................................................................... 11
II.3.2. Kekurangan Beton ................................................................................. 11
II.4. Langkah-langkah Pembuatan Beton ......................................................... 12
II.5. Bahan Utama Penyusun Beton ................................................................. 14
II.5.1. Semen .................................................................................................... 15
II.5.1.1. Jenis-Jenis Semen ............................................................................... 15
1. Semen abu-abu (PC)
a. Tipe 1........................................................................................ 16
b. Tipe 2........................................................................................ 16
c. Tipe 3........................................................................................ 16
d. Tipe 4........................................................................................ 17
e. Tipe 5........................................................................................ 17
2. Semen putih .......................................................................................... 17
3. Semen Sumur Minyak .......................................................................... 18
4. Mixed & Fly Ash Cement (PPC) ......................................................... 18
5. PCC (Portland Composite Cement) ....................................................... 19

II.5.1.2. Sifat-sifat Semen ................................................................................ 19

1. Hidrasi Semen .............................................................................. 19

2. Kekuatan Semen dan f.a.s. ........................................................... 20

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II.5.2. Agregat .................................................................................................. 21
II.5.2.1. Agregat Halus ..................................................................................... 22
II.5.2.2. Agregat Kasar ..................................................................................... 27
II.5.2.3. Agregat Campuran.............................................................................. 32
II.5.2.4. Berat Jenis Agregat............................................................................. 37
II.5.2.5. Ukuran Butir Agregat ......................................................................... 38
II.5.2.6. Ukuran Lubang Ayakan ..................................................................... 38
II.5.2.7. Ukuran Maksimum Butir Agregat ...................................................... 39
II.5.2.8. Gradasi Agregat .................................................................................. 40
II.5.2.9. Modulus Halus Butir .......................................................................... 40
II.5.2.10. Persyaratan Agregat.......................................................................... 40
1. Agregat Halus .............................................................................. 40
2. Agregat Kasar .............................................................................. 41

II.5.3. Air .......................................................................................................... 42

II.5.4. Bahan-bahan Campuran Lain Beton ..................................................... 44
II.5.4.1. Bahan Tambahan Kimia ..................................................................... 46
1. Tipe A “Water-Reducing Admixtures” ........................................ 46
2. Tipe B “Retarding Admixture” ................................................... 48
3. Tipe C “Accelerating Admixture” ............................................... 48
4. Tipe D “Water Reducing and Retarding Admixtures” ................ 49
5. Tipe E “Water Reducing and Accelerating Admixtures” ............ 50
6. Tipe F “Water Reducing, High Range Admixtures” ................... 50
7. Tipe G “Water Reducing, High Range Retarding Admixtures” .. 51
II.5.4.2. Bahan Tambahan Mineral .................................................................. 51
1. Pozzolan ....................................................................................... 52
2. Abu Terbang Batu Bara (Fly Ash) ............................................... 53
3. Slag .............................................................................................. 53

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 4. Silika Fume .................................................................................. 54
5. Penghalus Gradasi (Finely devided mineral admixtures) ............ 55

BAB III PENENTUAN PARAMETER BAHAN ADUKAN UNTUK CAMPURAN

III.1. Agregat Halus.......................................................................................... 56
III.1.1. Menentukan Kadar Organik Dalam Agregat Halus ............................. 56
III.1.2. Pemeriksaan Kadar Lumpur Agregat Halus ........................................ 62
III.1.3. Kadar Air Agregat Halus ..................................................................... 67
III.1.4. Analisa Gradasi Agregat Halus ............................................................ 72
III.1.5. Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Agregat Halus ......................................... 88
III.1.6. Menentukan Berat Volume Agregat Halus .......................................... 99
III.2. Agregat Kasar.......................................................................................... 104
III.2.1. Kadar Air Agregat Kasar ..................................................................... 104
III.2.2. Berat Jenis dan Penyerapan Agregat Kasar ......................................... 109
III.2.3. Analisa Gradasi Agregat Kasar ............................................................ 118
III.2.4. Menentukan Berat Volume Agregat Kasar .......................................... 136
III.3. Agregat Campuran .................................................................................. 141
III.3.1. Analisa Gradasi Campuran .................................................................. 141

BAB IV RANCANGAN CAMPURAN BETON

IV.1. Tujuan ..................................................................................................... 145
IV.2. Peralatan .................................................................................................. 145
IV.3. Data Hasil Perhitungan ........................................................................... 145
IV.4. Tahapan Perhitungan .............................................................................. 148
1. Kuat tekan beton rata-rata (ƒcr) pada umur 28 hari........................... 148
2. Semen yang digunakan ..................................................................... 149
3. Berat jenis semen .............................................................................. 149
4. Berat kering oven agregat kasar ....................................................... 149
5. Modulus kehalusan agregat halus ..................................................... 150

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 6. Modulus kehalusan agregat kasar ..................................................... 151
7. Berat jenis SSD agregat halus........................................................... 152
8. Berat jenis SSD agregat kasar........................................................... 152
9. Absorpsi agregat halus ...................................................................... 152
10. Absorpsi agregat kasar ...................................................................... 153
11. Kadar air agregat halus ..................................................................... 153
12. Kadar air agregat kasar ..................................................................... 153

IV.4.1. Tahapan

13. Slump yang diminta .......................................................................... 153

14. Agregat kasar yang digunakan dengan ukuran maksimum .............. 153
15. Perkiraan kebutuhan air pencampur ................................................. 154
16. Rasio Air-Semen ............................................................................... 155
17. Kadar air semen ................................................................................ 156
18. Volume agregat kasar kering oven ................................................... 156
19. Jumlah agregat kasar......................................................................... 158
20. Berat jenis beton basah ..................................................................... 158
21. Jumlah agregat halus......................................................................... 159
22. Semen ............................................................................................... 159
23. Air ..................................................................................................... 159
24. Agregat halus .................................................................................... 159
25. Agregat kasar .................................................................................... 159
26. Jumlah material yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan campuran
beton ................................................................................................. 159

IV.4.2. Volume material

27. Semen ............................................................................................... 159

28. Air ..................................................................................................... 160
29. Agregat kasar .................................................................................... 160

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 30. Agregat halus dengan kadar udara .................................................... 160
31. Jumlah volume padat kecuali agregat halus ..................................... 161
32. Volume agregat halus yang dibutuhkan ........................................... 161
33. Berat agregat halus yang dibutuhkan ................................................ 162
34. Jumlah volume material .................................................................... 162

IV.4.3. Perhitungan Berat Campuran 1 m3 Beton yang dihitung dengan 2 Cara

35. Semen ............................................................................................... 162

36. Air ..................................................................................................... 162
37. Agregat Kasar ................................................................................... 162
38. Agregat Halus ................................................................................... 162
39. Jumlah perhitungan berat campuran 1 m3 beton............................... 162

IV.4.4. Koreksi terhadap kadar air

40. Koreksi terhadap kadar air agregat kasar .......................................... 163

41. Koreksi terhadap kadar air agregat halus.......................................... 163
42. Agregat kasar ( basah ) ..................................................................... 163
43. Agregat halus ( basah ) ..................................................................... 163
44. Absorpsi agregat kasar ...................................................................... 163
45. Absorpsi agregat halus ...................................................................... 163
46. Perkiraan kebutuhan air .................................................................... 163
47. Semen ............................................................................................... 163
48. Air ..................................................................................................... 163
49. Agregat Kasar ................................................................................... 163
50. Agregat Halus ................................................................................... 164
51. Jumlah berat material yang diperlukan untuk 1 m3 .......................... 164
52. Volume silinder ................................................................................ 164
53. Jumlah sampel .................................................................................. 164
54. Semen ............................................................................................... 164

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 55. Air ..................................................................................................... 165
56. Agregat Kasar ................................................................................... 165
57. Agregat Halus ................................................................................... 165
BAB V PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN CAMPURAN BETON
V.1 Pembuatan Benda Uji Beton ..................................................................... 166
V.2 Pengujian Slump Beton ............................................................................ 174
V.3. Pengujian Kuat Tekan .............................................................................. 179
BAB VI PENUTUP
VI.1. Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 216
VI.2. Saran ....................................................................................................... 216

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