APPENDIKS F

PERHITUNGAN NERACA ENERGI

C.1 Data Perencanaan Produksi

1. Kapasitas Gilingan : 24000 ton/tahun
2. Hari Kerja : 300 hari
3. Jam Kerja : 24 jam
4. Basis Perhitungan : 1 jam operasi
5. Jumlah Feed Batang Sorgum: 3333.33 kg/jam
6. Yield : 95%

Data - data yang diperlukan :

1. Data Kapasitas panas gas (Cp gas)

Hi = ∫_�𝑟𝑒𝑓^�▒ 〖� . 𝐶𝑝 . 𝑑� 〗

Cp = a + bT + cT2
Cp avg= {a (T-Tref) + b/2 (T2-Tref2) + c/3 (T3-Tref3) +.......}

(Himmelblau,david 5th Ed, hal 386)

Keterangan :
Cp = Kapasitas panas (kkal/kg.C)
A,B,C,D = konstanta
T = suhu

Neraca Energi
in - out + gen - Konsumsi = acc

AsumsiTidak
: ada akumulasi energi (Steady State)
Neraca Energi dihitung per kapasitas alat
Perubahan energi kinetik diabaikan
Perubahan energi potensial diabaikan
w= 0
Sehingga persamaan menjadi : Hin = Hout + Q

Komponen Hf Satuan BM Hf (kkal/kg)

Air -68.3174 kkal/kmol 18 -3.79541111
Sucrose -574.34 kkal/kmol 342 -1.67935673
Glucose -304.61 kkal/kmol 180 -1.69227778
Fructose -304.61 kkal/kmol 180 -1.69227778
Ash :
 CaO -151.7 kkal/kmol 56 -2.70892857
MgO -143.84 kkal/kmol 40 -3.596
K2O -86.2 kkal/kmol 94 -0.91702128
SiO2 3400 kkal/kmol 60.1 56.57237937
CaSO4 -338.73 kkal/kmol 136 -2.49066176
MgSO4 -304.94 kkal/kmol 120 -2.54116667
K2SO4 -342.65 kkal/kmol 174 -1.96925287
H2SO4 -193.69 kkal/kmol 98 -1.97642857
NH3 -16060 kkal/kmol
Biomass -31500 kkal/kmol
CO2 -94050 kkal/kmol

Komponen Hf Satuan Hf (kkal/mol)

Glucan -225.72 kJ/mol -53.9483748
Galactan -225.72 kJ/mol -53.9483748
Arabinan -296.41 kJ/mol -70.8436902
Xylan -797.17 kJ/mol -190.528203
Lignin 1.1 kJ/mol 0.26290631

Data Kapasitas Panas Beberapa Komponen

Komponen A B C D
Glucan 7.1 0.907 -0.000712 0.000000286
Galactan 7.1 0.907 -0.000712 0.000000286
Arabinan 18.196 0.688 -0.0000652 0.000000219
Xylan -2.539 0.781 -0.000686 0.000000259
Lignin 1700 0 0 0
Impuritis 1100 0 0 0

A ROLL MILL

Basis : 3333.33 kg/hari (Sweet Sorgum masuk Roll Mill)

Air Imbisisi T = 57.5 C
8
5
T= 30 C 9
Batang Sorgum
ROLL MILL
Baggase

12 Nira Sorgum

1. Entalpi Larutan Masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
 Aliran 5 :
Air 1500 0.9987 5 7490.25
Sukrosa 450 0.303 5 681.75
Selulosa 176.67 1.386 5 1224.3231
Hemiselulosa 116.67 13.521 5 7887.47535
Lignin 83.33 0.097 5 40.41505
Abu 40 0.493 5 98.6
Impuritis 33.33 0.516 5 85.9914
Serat 933.33 21.491 5 100290.97515
Aliran 8 :
Air Imbibisi 666.666 0.9987 32.5 21638.4783615
Total Aliran larutan Masuk 139438.258412

2. Entalpi Larutan Keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 9 :
Air 470.67 0.9987 5 2350.290645
Sukrosa 18 0.303 5 27.27
Selulosa 7.07 1.386 5 48.9951
Hemiselulosa 4.67 13.521 5 315.71535
Lignin 3.33 0.097 5 1.61505
Abu 1.6 0.493 5 3.944
Impuritis 1.33 0.516 5 3.4314
Serat 293.33 21.491 5 31519.77515
Aliran 12 :
Air 1696 0.9987 5 8468.976
Sukrosa 432 0.303 5 654.48
Selulosa 169.6 1.386 5 1175.328
Hemiselulosa 112 13.521 5 7571.76
Lignin 80 0.097 5 38.8
Abu 38.4 0.493 5 94.656
Impuritis 32 0.516 5 82.56
Serat 640 21.491 5 68771.2
Total Entalpi aliran keluar 121128.796695

dari trial, didapat T out = 28.0 C , maka H out = 121128.7967 (T - 25)

= 366189.2344 kkal

Qloss = 5% dari H Out, Q loss = 18309.46172

MASUK KELUAR
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎� ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎� ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Aliran Aliran
<5> 117799.78005 <9> 34271.036695
<8> 21638.4783615 <12> 86857.76
Qloss 18309.4617200
Total 139438.2584 Total 139438.2584

B. TANGKI PENAMPUNG NIRA

12 13
Tangki Penampung Nira 1

1. Entalpi Larutan Masuk

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 12 :
Air 1661.12 0.9987 28.0 46489.28254
Sukrosa 421.53 0.303 28.0 3579.215964
Selulosa 165.49 1.386 28.0 6427.643378
Hemiselulosa 109.29 13.521 28.0 41410.0758
Lignin 78.06 0.097 28.0 212.1861672
Impuritis 9.52 0.516 28.0 137.658628
Abu 37.47 0.049804 28.0 52.29554632
Serat 640 21.491 28.0 385436.9845

2. Entalpi Larutan Keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 13 :
Air 1661.12 0.9987 28.0 46489.28254
Sukrosa 421.53 0.303 28.0 3579.215964
Selulosa 165.49 1.386 28.0 6427.643378
Hemiselulosa 109.29 13.521 28.0 41410.0758
Lignin 78.06 0.097 28.0 212.1861672
Abu 37.47 0.049804 28.0 52.29554632
Impuritis 9.52 0.516 28.0 137.658628
Serat 640 21.491 28.0 385436.9845

MASUK KELUAR
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎� ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Aliran Aliran
<12> 483745.342503613 <13> 483745.342503613
 Total 483745.342503613 Total 483745.342503613
17 18
### C T = 30 C
C. Tangki Mixing
16 19
TANGKI
MIXING

15 20

1. Aliran Larutan Masuk

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 16 :
Air 1644.5 0.9987 5.0 8211.81075
Sukrosa 417.32 0.303 3.0 382.2698064
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 3.0 6.91361743
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 3.0 44.55469552
Lignin 0.78 0.097 3.0 0.228730725
Serat 6.4 21.491 3.0 415.8098448
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 3.0 0.155993992
Abu 0.37 0.049804 3.0 0.05570884
Aliran 17 :
Air 2.07 0.9987 5 10.336545
Asam Sulfat 101.54 0.32 5 162.464
Aliran 18 :
Air 1119 0.9987 5 5587.7265
14822.32619

2. Entalpi Larutan Keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 19 :
Air 2748 0.9987 5 13722.138
Sukrosa 83.464 0.303 5 126.44796
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 5 11.4345
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 5 73.68945
Lignin 0.78 0.097 5 0.3783
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 5 0.258
Abu 0.37 0.049804 5 0.0921374
 Serat 6.4 21.491 5 687.712
Glukosa 351.43 0.303 5 532.41645
H2SO4 101.54 0.32 5 162.464
15317.0308

2. Panas Pelarutan H2SO4

Perhitungan panas pelarutan H2SO4 didasarkan pada jumlah H2SO4
sisa terhadap H2O yang ada (H2SO4 digunakan untuk mengendapkan
CaO dan menurunkan pH larutan)
Kondisi larutan H2SO4 masuk tangki
Suhu = 30 ˚C
Konsentrasi= 98% v/v
n =mol air/mol asam
(2/18)/(98/98)= 0.111
∆Hs -1000 kkal/kmol (fig. 75 Hougen)
setelah pelarutan:
n = mol air/mol a (dari massa air dan asam yang keluar dari tangki)
= (( 2748.0 / 18 ) : ### / 98 )) = 147.34
∆Hs -1477 kkal/kmol (fig. 75 Hougen)

Maka, panas pelarutan pada tangki pengencer :

∆Hs = mol H2SO4 x (Hs setelah pelarutan - Hs masuk)
= ( ### / 98 ) x -1477 - -1000 )
= -494.71 kkal/kmol

Neraca energi total pada tangki pengencer

∆Hin(kkal) ∆Hout(kkal)
<1> H = 9061.79914772 <4> H = 15317.0307974
<2> H = 172.800545
<3> H = 5587.7265
∆Hpelarutan 494.71
total = 15317.03 total = 15317.03

D. Tangki Penampung Nira 3

19 20
Tangki Penampung Nira 3

1. Entalpi aliran masuk ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
 Aliran 19 :
Air 2748 0.9987 5.0 13722.138
Sukrosa 83.464 0.303 5.0 126.44796
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 5.0 11.4345
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 5.0 73.68945
Lignin 0.78 0.097 5.0 0.3783
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 5.0 0.258
Abu 0.37 0.049804 5.0 0.0921374
Serat 6.4 21.491 5.0 687.712
Glukosa 351.43 0.303 5.0 532.41645
H2SO4 101.54 0.32 5.0 162.464
2. Entalpi Aliran Keluar ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 20 :
Air 2748 0.9987 5.0 13722.138
Sukrosa 83.464 0.303 5.0 126.44796
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 5.0 11.4345
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 5.0 73.68945
Lignin 0.78 0.097 5.0 0.3783
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 5.0 0.258
Abu 0.37 0.049804 5.0 0.0921374
Serat 6.4 21.491 5.0 687.712
Glukosa 351.43 0.303 5.0 532.41645
H2SO4 101.54 0.32 5.0 162.464

MASUK
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎� KELUAR
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Aliran Aliran
<19> 15317.0307974 <20> 15317.0307974
Total 15317.0307974 Total 15317.0307974

E. TANGKI STARTER

<21> <22>

<20> Starter <23>

1. Entalpi Aliran Masuk

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 20 :
Air 2748 0.9987 5.0 13722.138
Sukrosa 83.464 0.303 5.0 126.44796
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 5.0 11.4345
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 5.0 73.68945
Lignin 0.78 0.097 5.0 0.3783
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 5.0 0.258
Abu 0.37 0.049804 5.0 0.0921374
Serat 6.4 21.491 5.0 687.712
Glukose 351.43 0.303 5.0 532.41645
H2SO4 101.54 0.32 5.0 162.464
Aliran 21 :
Urea 16.47 0.32 7 36.8928
Aliran 22 :
Anti Foam 3.3 1.02 7 23.562
15377.4856

2. Entalpi Aliran Keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 23 :
Air 2748 0.9987 7.0 19210.9932
Sukrosa 16.7 0.303 7.0 35.4207
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 7.0 16.0083
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 7.0 103.16523
Lignin 0.78 0.097 7.0 0.52962
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.37 0.049804 7.0 0.12899236
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 418.19 0.303 7.0 886.98099
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.47 0.32 7.0 36.8928
anti Foam 3.3 1.02 7.0 23.562

dari trial, didapat T in = 33.0 C , maka Hrx = 15377.4856 (T - 25)

= 122534.284 kkal

Qloss = 5% dari Hrx , Q loss = 6126.7142

MASUK
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎� KELUAR
∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Aliran Aliran
<20> 15317.0307974 <23> 21504.19983236
 <21> 36.8928
<22> 23.562
Qhx 6126.7142
Total 21504.1997974 Total 21504.1998

F. TANGKI FERMENTOR A

<24> <26>
<23>
Fermentor A

<25>

1. Entalpi Aliran Masuk

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 23 :
Air 2748 0.9987 7.0 19210.9932
Sukrosa 16.7 0.303 7.0 35.4207
Selulosa 1.65 1.386 7.0 16.0083
Hemiselulosa 1.09 13.521 7.0 103.16523
Lignin 0.78 0.097 7.0 0.52962
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.37 0.049804 7.0 0.12899236
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 418.19 0.303 7.0 886.98099
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.47 0.32 7.0 36.8928
anti Foam 3.3 1.02 7.0 23.562
Aliran 24 :
Anti Foam 3.31 1.02 7 23.6334
21527.83323

2. Entalpi yang keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 25 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 261.5 0.303 7.0 554.6415
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 6.6 1.02 7.0 47.124
C2H5OH 89 0.795 7.0 495.285
Aliran 26 :
CO2 85.22 1.02 7 608.4708
22258.28935

3. Panas dari reaksi

C12H22O11 H
+ 2O 2 C6H12O6
awal 0.0488 153
reaksi 0.0488 0.05 0.098
akhir 3E-05 ### 0.098

Bahan n(kmol)Hf (kkal/kmol) Hf (kkal)

Reaktan
C12H22O11 0.0488 -1.68 -0.0820
H2 O 0.0488 -3.80 -0.19
Produk
C6H12O6 0.0976 -1.69 -0.2
∆H298,15K = 0.1020

Komponen
n(kmol)massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C)∆H(kkal)
C12H22O110.05 16.70 0.303 -35.42
H2 O 153 2748.0 0.999 -19210.99
∆HR = -19246.41

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)Cp(kkal/kg ∆H(kkal)
C12H22O11 0.00 0.01 0.303 0.02
H2O 152.62 2747.1 0.999 19204.85
C6H12O6 0.10 17.57 0.303 37.26
∆Hp = 19242.14
 ∆Hreaksi = -4.176 kkal

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2 CO2

awal 0.968
reaksi 0.968 1.9367 1.9367
akhir 0.000 1.9367 1.9367

Bahan n (kmol)
Hf (kkal/kmol)Hf (kkal)
Reaktan
C6H12O6 0.97 -304.61 -295.0
Produk
C2H5OH 1.94 -66.35 -128.5
CO2 1.94 -94.05 -182.2
∆H298,15K = -15.7

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C) ∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 0.97 174.24 0.303 1319.87
∆HR = 1319.87

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C)∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 -0.0004 -0.06 0.303 0.47723
C2H5OH 1.94 89.09 0.795 -1770.63
CO2 1.94 85.21 1.020 -2172.98
∆Hp = -3943.13

∆Hreaksi = -2638.94 kkal

Total ∆Hreaksi = -4.176 + -2638.94

= 2643.117 kkal
Cp H2O in 26 C= 76 kJ/kgmoloC= 1.006327 kkal/kgoC
H H2O in = 1.01 m air kkal
Cp H2O out 32 C= 76.06
kJ/kgmoloC= 1.011 kkal/kgoC
H H2O out = m air kkal
7.08
neraca energi : ∆H in = ∆H out
∆Hinput+ H H2O in + ∆Hreaksi= ∆Houtput+ H H2O out
21527.833 + 1.0063 m air + 2643.117 = 22258.289 + 7.1 m air
m air = 315.1199
 H H2O in = 317.11
H H2O out = 2229.77
MASUK KELUAR
∆Hinput 21527.83 ∆Houtput 22258.3
∆Hreaksi 2643.1 H H2O out 2229.77
H H2O in 317.11
Total = 24488.1 Total = 24488.1

G. TANGKI FERMENTOR B

<27> <29>
<28>
<25> Fermentor B

1. Entalpi Aliran Masuk

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
Aliran 25 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 261.5 0.303 7.0 554.6415
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 6.6 1.02 7.0 47.124
C2H5OH 89 0.795 7.0 495.285
Aliran 27 :
Anti Foam 3.23 1.02 7 23.0622
21672.88075

2. Entalpi yang keluar

∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�
Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C)
 Aliran 28 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 183 0.303 7.0 388.143
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 9.8 1.02 7.0 69.972
C2H5OH 129 0.795 7.0 717.885
Aliran 29 :
CO2 38.347 1.02 7.0 273.79758
22002.56563

3. Panas dari reaksi

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2 CO2

awal -0.44
reaksi 0.436 0.8715 0.8715
akhir -0.876 0.8715 0.8715

Bahan n (kmol)
Hf (kkal/kmol)Hf (kkal)
Reaktan
C6H12O6 0.44 -304.61 -132.7
Produk
C2H5OH 0.87 -66.35 -57.8
CO2 0.87 -94.05 -82.0
∆H298,15K = -7.1

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C) ∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 -0.44 -79.20 0.303 -599.94
∆HR = -599.94

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C)∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 -0.8758 -157.64 0.303 1194.085
 C2H5OH 0.87 40.09 0.795 -796.77
CO2 0.87 38.35 1.020 -977.82
∆Hp = -580.51

∆Hreaksi = 1187.50 kkal

Total ∆Hreaksi = 1187.50 kkal

Cp H2O in 26 C= 76 kJ/kgmoloC= 1.006327 kkal/kgoC

H H2O in = 1.01 m air kkal
Cp H2O out 32 C= 76.06 kJ/kgmoloC= 1.011 kkal/kgoC
H H2O out = 7.08 m air kkal
neraca energi : ∆H in = ∆H out
∆Hinput+ H H2O in + ∆Hreaksi= ∆Houtput+ H H2O out
21672.881 + 1.0063 m air + 1187.503 = 22002.566 + 7.1 m air
m air = 141.3296
H H2O in = 142.22
H H2O out = 1000.04

MASUK KELUAR
∆Hinput 21672.88 ∆Houtput 22002.6
∆Hreaksi 1187.5 H H2O out 1000.04
H H2O in 142.22
Total = 23002.6 Total = 23002.6

H. TANGKI FERMENTOR C

<30> <32>
<31>
<28> Fermentor C

1. Entalpi Aliran Masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Aliran 28 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 183 0.303 7.0 388.143
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 9.8 1.02 7.0 69.972
C2H5OH 129 0.795 7.0 717.885
Aliran 30 :
anti Foam 3.2 1.02 7.0 22.848
21751.61605

2. Entalpi Aliran Keluar

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Aliran 31 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 0.9 0.303 7.0 1.9089
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 13 1.02 7.0 92.82
C2H5OH 222 0.795 7.0 1235.43
Aliran 32 :
CO2 89.029 1.02 7.0 635.66706
22518.59401

3. Panas dari reaksi

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2 CO2

awal -1.01
reaksi 1.012 2.0234 2.0234
akhir -2.022 2.0234 2.0234
 Bahan n (kmol)
Hf (kkal/kmol)Hf (kkal)
Reaktan
C6H12O6 1.01 -304.61 -308.2
Produk
C2H5OH 2.02 -66.35 -134.3
CO2 2.02 -94.05 -190.3
∆H298,15K = -16.4

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C) ∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 -1.01 -181.80 0.303 -1377.14
∆HR = -1377.14

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C)∆H(kkal)
C6H12O6 -2.0217 -363.91 0.303 2756.588
C2H5OH 2.02 93.08 0.795 -1849.89
CO2 2.02 89.03 1.020 -2270.25
∆Hp = -1363.56

∆Hreaksi = 2757.08 kkal

Total ∆Hreaksi = 2757.08 kkal

Cp H2O in 26 C= 76 kJ/kgmoloC= 1.006327 kkal/kgoC

H H2O in = 1.01 m air kkal
Cp H2O out 32 C= 76.06 kJ/kgmoloC= 1.011 kkal/kgoC
H H2O out = 7.08 m air kkal
neraca energi : ∆H in = ∆H out
∆Hinput+ H H2O in + ∆Hreaksi= ∆Houtput+ H H2O out
21751.616 + 1.0063 m air + 2757.079 = 22518.594 + 7.1 m air
m air = 327.8785
H H2O in = 329.95
H H2O out = 2320.05

MASUK KELUAR
∆Hinput 21751.62 ∆Houtput 22518.6
 ∆Hreaksi 2757.1 H H2O out 2320.05
H H2O in 329.95
Total = 24838.6 Total = 24838.6

I. TANGKI NETRALISASI

<33>
<31> <34>
Tangki
Netralisasi

1. Aliran Entalpi Masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Aliran 31 :
Air 2747 0.9987 7.0 19204.0023
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.0 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.0 16.4934
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.0 104.1117
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.0 0.5432
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.0 0.3612
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.0 0.1394512
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.0 962.7968
Glukose 0.9 0.303 7.0 1.9089
H2SO4 101.5 0.32 7.0 227.36
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.0 36.96
anti Foam 13 1.02 7.0 92.82
C2H5OH 222 0.795 7.0 1235.43
Aliran 33 :
NH4OH 72.53 0 7.0 0
21882.92695

2. Aliran Entalpi Keluar

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Aliran 32 :
Air 2784.428 0.9987 7.5 20768.37948
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.5 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.5 17.59720608
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.5 111.0792826
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.5 0.579553175
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.5 0.385372988
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.5 0.148783847
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.5 1027.231117
Glukose 0.9 0.303 7.5 2.03665143
H2SO4 0 0.32 7.5 0
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.5 39.43351503
anti Foam 13 1.02 7.5 99.03189569
C2H5OH 222 0.795 7.5 1318.110051
23384.01291

3. Panas dari Reaksi

H2SO4 + 2 NH4OH → (NH4)2SO4 + 2 H2O

awal -1.04
reaksi 1.036 2.072 1.036 2.072
akhir -2.076 -2.072 1.036 2.072

Bahan n (kmol)
Hf (kkal/kmol)Hf (kkal) Reaksi
Reaktan
H2SO4 1.036 -193.69 -200.7
NH4OH 2.07 -87.59 -181.5
Produk
(NH4)2SO4 1.04 -279.33 -289.4
H2O 2.07 -68.32 -141.6
∆H298,15K = -48.8

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C) ∆H(kkal) Awal
H2SO4 -1.04 -101.92 0.320 -815.36
∆HR = -815.36

Komponenn (kmol)
massa (kg)
Cp(kkal/kg°C)∆H(kkal) Sisa
H2SO4 -2.0760 -203.45 0.320 1627.584
NH4OH -2.07 -72.60 0.000 0.000
(NH4)2SO4 1.04 136.75 0.390 -1333.332
H2O 2.07 37.30 0.999 -931.188
∆Hp = -636.94

∆Hreaksi = 1501.09 kkal

 Total ∆Hreaksi = 1501.09 kkal

Hin = Hout
Hout = 174642.77 kkal = 23384.0 (T-25)
Tout = 32.468 C
MASUK KELUAR
∆Hinput 21882.93 ∆Houtput 23384.0
∆Hreaksi 1501.1
Total = 23384.013 Total = 23384.013

J. HEATER

<32> <33>
Heater

1. Aliran Entalpi Masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

Aliran 32 :
Air 2784.428 0.9987 7.5 20768.37948
Sukrosa 0 0.303 7.5 0
Selulosa 1.7 1.386 7.5 17.59720608
Hemiselulosa 1.1 13.521 7.5 111.0792826
Lignin 0.8 0.097 7.5 0.579553175
Impuritis 0.1 0.516 7.5 0.385372988
Abu 0.4 0.049804 7.5 0.148783847
Serat 6.4 21.491 7.5 1027.231117
Glukose 0.9 0.303 7.5 2.03665143
H2SO4 0 0.32 7.5 0
Urea 16.5 0.32 7.5 39.43351503
anti Foam 13 1.02 7.5 99.03189569
C2H5OH 222 0.795 7.5 1318.110051
(NH4)2SO4 136.77 0.390 7.5 398.3703639
23782.38327

2. Aliran Panas Keluar

Komponen Massa (kg/hari) Cp (kkal/kg C) ∆� 𝐶 ∆𝐻 𝑘𝑘𝑎�

 Aliran 33 :
Air 2756.58 0.9987 73.5 202345.2388
Sukrosa 0 0.303 73.5 0
Selulosa 0 1.386 73.5 0
Hemiselulosa 0 13.521 73.5 0
Lignin 0 0.097 73.5 0
Impuritis 0 0.516 73.5 0
Abu 0 0.049804 73.5 0
Serat 0 21.491 73.5 0
Glukose 0 0.303 73.5 0
H2SO4 0 0.32 73.5 0
Urea 0 0.32 73.5 0
anti Foam 0 1.02 73.5 0
C2H5OH 222.25 0.795 73.5 12986.62313
(NH4)2SO4 0 0.39 73.5 0
215331.8619
Kebutuhan steam
Temperatur steam = 134 ˚C
Dari Smith Van Ness, tabel F.1 :
H liq = 563.40 kJ/kg 4.18 kkal/k= 134.78 kkal/kg
H vap = ### kJ/kg 652.0 kkal/kg
λs = ### kJ/kg 517.20096 kkal/kg

∆H in = ∆H out
H <32> + Qs = H <33>
23782.38 + 517.20 msteam = 215331.86
msteam = 370.36 kg/hari

Jadi Qs = 191549.48 kJ/hari

MASUK KELUAR
∆Hinput 23782.38 ∆Houtput 215331.9
Qsteam 191549.5
Total = 215331.862 Total = 215331.862

K. DESTILASI I

<33> <35>
Distilasi 1
<36>
 DAFTAR ALAT DA
No Kode Alat Nama Alat Jumlah NO
C-110 Raw Mill 5 1
F-111 Bak pencucian 1 2
C-112 Cane Cutter dan Belt Conveyor 3
Hammer Mill 4
Roller Mill 5
Tangki Penampungan 6
Rotary Drum Vaccum Filter 7
Tangki Penampung Nira 8
Screw Conveyor 9
Tangki Penampung 10
Pompa ke Rotary Vaccum Filter 11
Tangki Mixing 12
Pompa ke Tangki Penampung 13
Pompa ke Tangki Mixing 14
Tangki Starter 15
Tangki Fermentor 16
Pompa ke Tangki Sterilisasi 17
Tangki H2SO4 18
Tangki Sterilisasi 19
Cooler 20
Tangki Penampung 21
Pompa ke Tangki Penampung 22
Pompa ke Starter dan Fermentor 23
Tangki Antifoam 24
Blower 25
Tangki Starter 26
Pompa Fermentor 27
Tangki Urea 28
Tangki Biomass 29
Tangki (NH4)2HPO4 30
Tangki Netralisasi 31
Rotary Drum Vaccum Filter 32
Tangki Penampung Filtrat 33
Screw Conveyor 34
Pompa ke Tangki Netralisasi 35
Pompa ke Filter 36
Pompa ke Preheater 37
 Tangki NH4OH 38
Kolom Destilasi 1 39
Preheater 40
Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 1 41
Tangki Penampung Kolom Distilasi 1 42
Kolom Distilasi 2 43
Pompa Kolom Destilasi 2 44
Kondensor Kolom Distilasi 2 45
Tangki Penampung Kolom Distilasi 2 46
Pompa ke Vaporizer 47
Reboiler Kolom Destilasi 2 48
Adsorber 49
Vaporizer 50
Superheater 51
Cooler 52
Tangki Produk Bioetanol 53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
 DAFTAR ALAT
NAMA ALAT
Tangki Penampungan Amonium Sulfat
Tangki Penampungan Asam Sulfat
Tangki Penampungan Zeolit
Pompa Amonium Sulfat
Pompa Asam Sulfat
Belt Conveyor Zeolit
Tangki Pencucian Batang Sorgum
Cane Table
Carrier
Hammer Mill
Bucket Elevator 1
Pompa WP untuk pencucian
Pompa WP ke Roller Mill
Heater Air ambibisi
Roller Mill 1
Bucket Elevator 2
Roller Mill 2
Bucket Elevator 3
Roller Mill 3
Bucket Elevator 4
Tangki Penampung Nira 3
Pompa Nira 3
Tangki Penampung Nira 2
Pompa Nira 2
Tangki Penampung Nira 1
Delivery Screen Maceration
Belt Conveyor Ampas
Pompa Menuju Mixing Tank 1
Mixing Tank
Pompa Menuju Tangki Hidrolisis
Pompa Wp ke Hidrolisis
Tangki Hidrolisis
Cooler 1
Pompa Wp ke Cooler 1
Tangki Penampung Nira Hasil Hidrolisis
Pompa Menuju Starter dan Fermentor
Tangki Starter
 Tangki Fermentor 1
Pompa Menuju Scrubber
Tangki Scrubber
Pompa WP ke Scrubber
Pompa Menuju Mixing Tank 2
Pompa Menuju Evaporator 2
Heater 1
Evaporator 2
Pompa Menuju Evaporator 1
Evaporator 1
Kondensor 1
Tangki Penampungan Bioetanol 20%
Pompa Menuju Heater 3
Heater 2
Kolom Distilasi
Reboiler
Kondensor 2
Akumulator
Heater 3
Tangki Dehidrasi
Tangki Penampung Air Hasil Dehidrasi
Cooler 2
Pompa Menuju Penampung Produk
Tangki Penampung Bioetanol
Storage Bagasse
Belt Conveyor Bagasse Menuju Ketel
Pompa WP ke ketel uap
Ketel Uap