Apa yang “Universal Precautions”?

Pengertian:

Merupakan suatu pedoman yang ditetapkan oleh CDC Atlanta (1985) untuk pencegahan dari
berbagai peyakit yang ditularkan melalui cairan darah / cairan tubuh di lingkungan rumah sakit.

Tindakan pencegahan untuk pedoman pengendalian infeksi yang dirancang untuk melindungi
orang dari penyakit yang disebarkan oleh darah dan cairan tubuh tertentu.

Tujuan:

Untuk melindungi diri (proteksi diri) dan mencegah penularan penyakit dari penderita kepada
petugas

Mencegah penularan penyakit dari penderita ke penderita.

Selalu berasumsi bahwa semua “darah dan cairan tubuh” adalah menular untuk penyakit yang
terbawa darah seperti HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) dan HIV (Human
Immuno-defisiensi Virus).

Contohnya:

Semen

Vaginal Secretions

Body tissues

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Synovial Fluid

Pleural Fluid

Peritoneal Fluid

Pericardial Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Jika Anda terpapar berikut ini, pencegahan universal tidak berlaku.

Saliva (except in dental settings, where saliva is likely to be contaminated with blood) Air liur
(kecuali dalam pengaturan gigi, di mana air liur akan cenderung terkontaminasi dengan darah)

Feces Tinja

Nasal Secretions Nasal Lendir

Sputum Dahak

Sweat Keringat

Tears Air mata

Urine Urine

Vomitus Vomitus

When it is difficult to identify the specific body fluid or when body fluids are visibly
contaminated with blood, then universal precautions are ALWAYS to be applied.

How can I prevent exposure to blood and body fluids?

Barriers are used for protection against exposure to blood and certain body fluids.

1. Condoms

2. Gloves

3. Protective eyewear when necessary

Knowledge can also provide protection

1. Recognize the potential hazards :

blood and body fluids

2. Know your roles and responsibilities for personal safety

Protective Barriers, yaitu sarung tangan

Cleanup

Disposal

3. Be familiar with proper techniques Akrab dengan teknik yang tepat

How to clean up blood/body fluid spills

How to dispose of contaminated materials

Proper hand washing techniques

How should I clean up blood/body fluids?

Put on disposable gloves

Wipe up blood or body fluids with absorbent paper towels

Place contaminated paper towels in a new garbage bag

Clean and rinse area with usual disinfectant

Wipe the surface with a 1:10 dilution of household bleach in water. This concentration can be
achieved by mixing 1 ounce of household bleach with 9 ounces of tap water (1:10 dilution). This
disinfectant will have a shelf life of one shift ONLY. Dispose into the some garbage bag: the
cloths used to wipe up and your gloves, removing gloves last..

Secure bag with tie

Dispose of garbage bag as per your department’s instructions

Wash hands