separating by heating
distillation has been used to separate mixtures of liquids since the earliest days
of chemistry. it is based on the principle that if a mixture of liquid is heated,
some of the ingredients will evaparate faster than others and this property can
be used to effect a separation. let us imagine that we have a mixture of two
liquids, A and B in equal parts the mixture contains 50% of liquid A and 50% of
liquid B. if we heat the mixture until it boils, we may find that the vapour
contains 75% of liquid A and only 25% of liquid B. Liquid A is evaporating
faster than liquid A.
in distillation, a liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes and the vapor is then
condensed back into a liquid. two liquids are generally easy to separate by
distillation if the pure materials have boiling points that differ by considerable
amount, but modern techniques permit the separation of liquids whose boiling
points are close together. separation of two liquids is called binary distilation.
some solid mixtures are made up of different crystals. most rocks are mixtures.
granite rock is commonly used for buildings and roads, and you can easily see
the different crystal in the rock. elements can be easily separated into a pure
substances. this process is called purification. it is done by using physical
methods without chemical reactions.
sand is used to make cement. the sand from beaches by the sea is mixed with
salt. a salty sand cannot be used to make sand. the sand must first be purified
by removing the salt. this is done by washing the sand with water. the salt
dissolves in the water. this produces a mixture of solid sand and salt water. the
sand can then be separated from the salt waters by filtration.
beberapa campuran padat terdiri dari berbagai kristal. kebanyakan batu adalah
campuran. batu granit umumnya digunakan untuk bangunan dan jalan, dan
Anda dapat dengan mudah melihat kristal yang berbeda di batu. elemen dapat
dengan mudah dipisahkan menjadi zat murni. proses ini disebut pemurnian. itu
dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode fisik tanpa reaksi kimia.
pasir digunakan untuk membuat semen. pasir dari pantai di laut dicampur
dengan garam. pasir asin tidak bisa digunakan untuk membuat pasir. pasir harus
dimurnikan terlebih dahulu dengan membuang garam. ini dilakukan dengan
mencuci pasir dengan air. garam larut dalam air. ini menghasilkan campuran
pasir padat dan air asin. pasir kemudian dapat dipisahkan dari air asin dengan
penyaringan.
crystallisation
a solid dissolves in a liquid to produce solution. the solid that dissolves is called
solute. and the liquid is called a solvent.
when the solution is heated, most of the solvent is evaporated. the hot solution is
then allowed to cool. the solution is now said to be saturated and as it cools, the
dissolved solid (solute) appears as pure chemicals. the procces is called
crystallisation. the impurities remain dissolved in the solution.
kristalisasi
padatan yang padat dalam cairan untuk menghasilkan larutan. padatan yang
larut disebut zat terlarut. dan cairan itu disebut pelarut.
1. Filtration
Step 1 : Cut the filter paper in a circular shape. Fold into two or three parts.
Step 2 : Then open and place it in a separate funnel. so it can stick with a
separating funnel
Step 3 : Pour the heterogeneous mixture that want to be separated, little by
little
Step 4 : Repeat it again, so that we can separate solid particles from the liquid.
2. Crystallisation
Step 1 :