Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang sering dijumpai di rongga mulut. Agen utama
penyebab karies gigi adalah bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans termasuk dalam
golongan bakteri gram positif. Nanas (Ananas comosus) adalah buah yang dapat diperoleh di seluruh
Indonesia dan dapat dipanen sepanjang tahun. Namun, belum ada pemanfaatan terhadap kulit nanas
(Ananas comosus) padahal kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) mengandung enzim bromelain dan flavonoid
yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar hambat minimal dan kadar bunuh minimal dari
ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratoris murni secara in vitro. Subyek
dalam penelitian ini yaitu bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus). Uji
daya antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode dilusi cair pada media Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) dan
metode dilusi padat pada media Triton Soya Agar (TSA). Ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus)
diencerkan secara berseri ke dalam beberapa konsentrasi: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%,
1,56%, 0,78%, dan 0,39%. Kadar hambat minimal dan kadar bunuh minimal ditentukan dengan
mengamati pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada kedua media.
Hasil: Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) terdapat pada konsentrasi 6,25%, sedangkan Kadar Bunuh
Minimal (KBM) terdapat pada konsentrasi 50%.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) efektif dalam menghambat maupun membunuh
bakteri Streptococcus mutans.
Kata kunci : daya antibakteri, Streptococcus mutans, kulit nanas, metode dilusi.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus) PEEL
EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is a disease that is often found in the oral cavity. The main cause of dental
caries is Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive bacteria. Pineapple (Ananas
comosus) is a fruit that can be found throughout Indonesia and can be harvested throughout the year.
However, there is no use of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel whereas pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel
contains bromelain enzymes and flavonoids that are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and
minimum bactericidal concentration of pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel extract on the growth of
Streptococcus mutans.
Method: The type of this study was pure laboratory experimental study in vitro. The subjects in this
study were Streptococcus mutans and pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel extract. Antibacterial effect test
was conducted using liquid dilution method on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media and solid dilution
method on Triton Soya Agar (TSA) media. Pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel extract was serially diluted
into some concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0.78%, and 0.39%.
Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by
observing the growth of Streptococcus mutans on both media.
Result: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was at 6,25%, while Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) was at 50%.
Conclusion: Pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel extract was effective in inhibiting and eliminating
Streptococcus mutans.