PENGETAHUAN DAN PEMAHAMAN UMUM

BACAAN 1

(1) Penting kiranya mulai memikirkan rencana strategis dengan pengurangan impor gandum, entah itu impor yang berasal
dar Australia, Amerika, Kanada, entah dari India. (2) Rencana strategis tersebut semakin penting mengingat kebutuhan nasional
akan gandum kian meningkat. (3) Hal itu dapat diketahui dari semakin meningkatnya volume impor gandum secara nasional
belakangan ini. (4) Data BPS menunjukkan impor gandum secara nasional pada tahun 2010-2011 mencapai 7,4 juta ton dan
mengalami kenaikan menjadi 7,8 juta ton tahun 2011-2012.
(5) Guna mengurangi ketergantungan nasional pada gandum impor, ada rencana strategis yang dapat ditempuh, yaitu
memprioritaskan peningkatan produksi gandum lokal. (6) Sempat beredar informasi di masyarakat bahwa tanaman gandum
bukanlah tanaman asli Indonesia sehingga tidak bisa tumbuh di negeri ini. (7) Benar bahwa gandum bukanlah tanaman asli
Indonesia, namun tidak berarti gandum tidak dapat tumbuh di negeri kita. (8) Dengan menentukan lokasi dan iklim penanaman
yang sesuai, tanaman gandum dapat tumbuh dengan baik di Indonesia.

Bacaan 1 digunakan untuk menjawab soal no. 1 s.d.
no. 4
1. Topik utama bacaan tersebut adalah ….
A. Rencana strategis pengurangan impor gandum
B. Ketergantungan nasional pada impor gandum
C. Usaha peningkatan produksi gandum lokal
D. Volume impor gandum yang terus meningkat
E. Peningkatan kebutuhan nasional akan gandum
2. Kata kenaikan pada kalimat (4) bacaan tersebut
berantonim dengan kata ….
A. Kejatuhan D. Penurunan
B. Kekurangan E. Keturunan
C. Keruntuhan
3. Kata namun pada kalimat (7) bacaan tersebut dapat
diganti dengan kata ….
A. Meskipun D. Melainkan
B. Sehingga E. Tetapi
C. Sedangkan
4. Pernyataan yang sesuai dengan bacaan tersebut adalah
….
A. Meningkatnya volume ekspor gandum secara nasional
B. Gandum adalah tanaman asli Indonesia
C. Gandum tidak dapat tumbuh di Indonesia
D. Meningkatnya kebutuhan nasional akan gandum
E. Pertumbuhan gandum tidak dipengaruhi oleh iklim
dan lokasi

READING 1

New research out of Notre Dame is digging into why social media isn’t always good for us, especially if you’re young and
female. Working as an educator, Carmen Papaluca observed a worrying trend with her students. In particular, social media was
having a significant negative impact on her students’ mental health.
For anyone who is a regular user of social media which is most of us these days, this won’t come as a surprise. With
everyone sharing their ‘highlight reels’, Carmen observed, young women find it particularly hard to see their own lives or even their
own bodies as good enough. Wanting to understand more about the issue and what could be done; Carmen began a Ph.D. at the
University of Notre Dame. The focus of her research is Instagram use among young women aged 18 to 25.
One of the key findings of her work so far is that younger female Instagram users in her study, late teens and early 20s,
found that images of the app made them feel most badly about their bodies. However, women who were slightly older (mid-20s)
felt the inadequacy around their work and lifestyle. In comparison to the images of the apparently fabulous social lives and careers
of others on Instagram, they felt that their own lives “lacked meaning”.
The blame of the perceived problems with new technologies gets put entirely on those new technologies. But if we want to
find a real solution to these problems, we need to dig a bit deeper. In other words, it’s not just Instagram that is the problem. It’s
the social pressures put on young women that have been part of our culture for many years that are now becoming amplified by
social media.
(Adapted from: https://phys.org/news/2018-01-instagram-affecting-mental-health.html)

Reading 1 is used to answer no. 5 to no. 8 B. Working moms who have baby sitters
C. Students who actively engage using social media
5. What is the main idea of the reading? D. Adolescents who learn about applied technology
A. How social media destruct female’s life E. Social media experts who conduct researches on
B. Technology merely bears bad sides in human’s social social media
life
C. Social media impacts negatively on young women’s 8. “In particular, social media was having a
mental health significant negative impact on her students’
D. The use of social media apparently decreases people’s mental health”. What is possibly the author’s motive in
standard behavior writing the sentence?
E. A study about the relationship between social media A. The information about Instagram impacts isn’t
impact and student’s achievement available
B. The use of social media is in a level of endangering
6. In which paragraph does the writer discuss that images young female’s mental health
of certain social media impose one’s bad feeling about C. Not many people are interested in using Instagram
her physical appearance? and other social media
A. 1 D. 1 and 4 D. There is a misconception from researchers and social
B. 2 E. 2 and 3 media users on Instagram bad impact
C. 1 and 2 E. People’s awareness about social media use has
negatively impacted on female’s mental health
7. To whom is the reading likely intended?
A. Teachers who teach science

BACAAN 2

(1) Perkembangan yang semakin modern ini tidak dapat dimungkiri telah memengaruhi sebagian kebiasaan masyarakat
Indonesia dan berdampak pada kebudayaan kita. (2) Dampak tersebut adalah mulai ditinggalkannya satu di antara budaya oleh
masyarakat, yaitu budaya berpantun. (3) Saat ini, pantun diajarkan kepada generasi muda hanya untuk diperkenalkan tanpa

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diberikan wadah pelestarian sehingga banyak generasi muda tidak lagi mengenal pantun. (4) Mereka jarang mendengar orang
berpantun, apalagi ikut berpantun. (5) Pantun hanya dapat kita dengar pada upacara adat, seperti pada upacara lamaran pada
suku Betawi, suku Bugis, atau suku Minangkabau.
(6) Dahulu, para orang tua menggunakan pantun untuk bertegur sapa, berkirim pesan, menasihati seseorang, bahkan
pantun dapat dipakai untuk bercanda atau menyindir dengan halus. (7) Dengan berpantun (secara tidak langsung), otak kita
merangsang menjadi aktifdalam bermain kata-kata karena memerlukan pemikiran. (8) Selain itu, dalam berpantun juga dapat
menambah perbendaharaan kata atau kosakata. (9) Dengan demikian, kegiatan berpantun merupakan kegiatan yang positif dalam
kehidupan.

Bacaan 2 digunakan untuk menjawab soal no. 9 s.d.
no. 12
9. Topik bacaan tersebut adalah ….
A. Pengaruh perkembangan budaya modern
B. Hilangnya budaya berpantun dalam masyarakat
C. Pantun diajarkan sekadar pelengkap materi ajaran
D. Berpantun dapat merangsang otak dan kreativitas
E. Kegiatan berpantun merupakan kegiatan positif
10. Pernyataan manakah berikut ini yang tidak
berhubungan dengan isi bacaan tersebut?
A. Agar generasi muda lebih mengenal pantun,
diperlukan wadah pelestarian pantun
B. Pada zaman sekarang, kegiatan berpantun tidak
terdengar lagi di luar upacara adat
C. Aktivitas berpantun dapat merangsang otak kita
menjadi lebih aktif bermain kata-kata
D. Masyarakat, terutama generasi muda, beranggapan
bahwa budaya berpantun ketinggalan zaman
E. Dalam budaya atau suku bangsa tertentu di
Indonesia, berpantun bisa memeriahkan upacara
adat
11. Dalam bacaan tersebut terdapat penggunaan kata yang
tidak sesuai dengan konteks kalimatnya, yaitu ….
A. Kata dimungkiri pada kalimat (1)
B. Kata diperkenalkan pada kalimat (3)
C. Kata menasihati pada kalimat (6)
D. Kata merangsang pada kalimat (7)
E. Kata menambah pada kalimat (8)
12. Makna kata wadah pada kalimat (3) bacaan tersebut
adalah ….
A. Tempat berhimpun
B. Tempat menaruh sesuatu
C. Penampungan
D. Organisasi
E. Komunitas

READING 2

In a unique study, researchers at Lund University in Sweden have mapped the origins of migratory birds. They used the
results to investigate and discover major differences in the immune systems of sedentary and migratory birds. The researchers
conclude that migratory species benefit from leaving tropical areas when it is time to raise their young – as moving away from
disease in the tropics enables them to survive with a less costly immune system.
Analyzing the geneoalogy of over 1,300 song bird species, passerines, enabled the researchers to establish that both
sedentary birds, which do not leave northern Europe in the winter, and migratory bird, which breed in Europe but spend the winter
close to the equator, originate from Africa. The researchers then went on to study the immune system in three different groups:
sedentary birds in tropical Africa, European sedentary birds, and migratory birds. Their findings show that African sedentary birds
have a more varied and extensive immune system than that of both European sedentary birds and migratory birds.
Evolution has quite simply ensured that bird species migrating to Europe were equipped with a much less variable immune
system, as Europe has far fewer diseases than the tropics. The African sedentary species probably need a more advanced immune
system to deal with the richer flore of pathogens to which they are exposed. What really surprised the researchers was that
the immune system of migratory birds showed similarity low variation to that of European sedentary birds. After all, migratory birds
do not only need to resist diseases in Europe, but also during their migration and in the tropic.
To explain the surprising result, the researchers propose the idea that the costs associated with a strong and complex
immune system could be much higher than anyone previously thought. Examples of these costs could be autoimmunity and other
immune system diseases such as chronic inflammation.
Despite the migratory birds having to deal with pathogens both in Europe and tropical Africa, they have thus lost much of
the variation and complexity in their immune system compared to their African ancestors. According to the researchers, this
indicates that dealing with pathogens is the most difficult for the birds the first time they are exposed to them. For migratory birds,
this happens in Europe where they raise their young and there are not as many different pathogens.
One of the researchers explained that when the migratory birds bred, they had moved away from many diseases and
therefore did not need an immune system that was equally varied. Another advantage was that the risk of damage caused by the
immune system dropped considerably if the immune system was less complex.
All vertebrates, including human beings, have an immune system built up in a similar way to that of birds. The Lund
biologists therefore believe that their findings could also be significant in a broader perspective.
(Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/1804/10103507.html)

Reading 2 is used to answer no. 13 to no. 16

13. What is the topic of the reading?

A. The diseases of migratory and sedentary birds
B. The complexity of the immune system of migratory
birds
C. The origins of migratory and sedentary birds
D. How the immune system of birds responds to
diseases
E. How the immune system of birds changes as they
migrate

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14. It is implied in paragraph 2 that ….
A. Migratory birds tend to stay longer near the equator
B. European and African sedentary birds are of the
same species
C. European sedentary birds return to Africa to raise
their young
D. European sedentary birds fly over the equator
E. Migratory birds live near the equator before they
move and breed
15. Why does the author mention “What really surprised
the researchers” in paragraph 3?
A. To suggest that the researchers failed in achieving
their objectives
B. To hint that the researchers had predicted the
findings
C. To emphasize that the research findings were quite
unexpected
D. To indicate that the findings were undesireable
E. To show that the researchers were happy with the
findings
16. Which two groups of birds have a similar immune
system?
A. Migratory birds and European sedentary birds
B. African sedentary birds and migratory birds
C. European sedentary birds and African sedentary
birds
D. Migratory birds and their ancestors
E. European sedentary birds and the ancestors of the
migratory birds

BACAAN 3

(1) Selain pameran lukisan bertajuk “Mengeja Laku Liku Kaliku”, komunitas peduli sampah selaku penyelenggara festival
memamerkan berbagai barang yang diproduksi dari sampah sungai, seperti tas, keranjang, vas bunga, dan lampion. (2) Berbagai
seni pertunjukan juga digelar selama festival berlangsung, seperti acara tradisi palang pintu Betawi, atraksi manusia petasan di atas
bukit, debus, karinding, dan lenong. (3) Bahkan, partisipasi juga dilakukan oleh warga, pengusaha, aktivis, dan pelaku seni dalam
berbagai lomba, seperti lomba memancing sampah dan lomba mewarnai. (4) Festival semakin semarak dengan sajian berbagai
jajanan tradisional atau kuliner daerah.
(5) Mereka menggelar kegiatan budaya ini untuk meningkatkan kepedulian warga kepada Kali Cisadane. (6) Dipilihnya
pinggiran Kali Cisadane sebagai lokasi acara karena kondisi sungai sudah sangat memprihatinkan. (7) Jadi, dengan pameran dan
pagelaran seni budaya ini, semua pihak, baik pemerintah, pengusaha, aktivis, pegiat lingkungan, pelaku seni, maupun masyarakat
luas diajak untuk bersinergi, peduli, menjaga, merawat, dan melestarikan sungai yang selama ini menjadi sumber kehidupan warga,
termasuk kebutuhan akan air baku. (8) Tampaknya, warga tepi Kali Cisadane menyambut antusias kegiatan budaya ini.

Bacaan 3 digunakan untuk menjawab soal no. 17 s.d. D. Tradisi dalam upacara perkawinan pada masyarakat
no. 20 Melayu untuk menyambut tamu
E. Pertunjukan seni budaya Betawi yang
17. Gagasan utama paragraf kedua bacaan tersebut adalah diselenggarakan saat pesta perkawinan
….
A. Komunitas peduli sampah meningkatkan kepedulian
warga akan kondisi sungai
B. Komunitas peduli sampah memamerkan lukisan
bertajuk “Mengeja Laku Liku Kaliku”
C. Komunitas peduli sampah menggelar kegiatan
budaya di tepi Kali Cisadane
D. Komunitas peduli sampah memamerkan berbagai
produk hasil daur ulang sampah
E. Komunitas peduli sampah mengadakan pameran
dan pagelaran seni budaya

18. Kata semarak pada kalimat (4) bacaan tersebut

berantonim dengan kata ….
A. Bergairah D. Tertinggal
B. Melambat E. Bercahaya
C. Meredup

19. Padanan kata peduli adalah ….

A. Acuh D. Kagum
B. Cuek E. Simpati
C. Antipati

20. Kelompok kata palang pintu pada bacaan tersebut

bermakna ….
A. Palang yang berupa kayu atau besi untuk pengunci
rumah atau gudang
B. Rintangan yang terdapat di jalan atau akses masuk
ke suatu kompleks perumahan
C. Tradisi membuka penghalang yang berupa orang
agar dapat masuk ke suatu tempat
15.

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