Definisi Diare

Diare adalah buang air besar dengan konsistensi lembek atau cair, bahkan dapat berupa air saja dengan
frekuensi lebih sering dari biasanya (tiga kali atau lebih) dalam satu hari.

Etiologi
1. Infeksi Internal yang merupakan infeksi saluran pencernaan yang menjadi penyebab utama
diare pada anak, meliputi infeksi bakteri (Vibrio, E. Colli, Salmonela, Shigella), infeksi virus
(Enterrovirus, Rota virus, Andenovirus, Astrivirus) dan infeksi parasit (cacing yaitu Ascaris,
Ticturis, Oxyiuris, Stangloides, Protozoa meliputi Glarida lambliatrichomonashominis dan jamur
yaitu kandida, albicans. Infeksi Parental infeksi di luar alat pencernaan (OMA, Faringitis,
Brochopneumonia, Ensepalitis)
2. Keracunan makanan
Disebabkan oleh toksin bakteri dan toksin yang dikeluarkan oleh makanan itu sendiri.
3. Faktor malabsorbsi
Yaitu intoleransi disacarida (laktosa, maltosa, sukrosa), monosakarida (intoleransi glukosa dan
galaktosa) malabsorbsi lemak, protein pada bayi dan anak yang terserang dalam intoleransi
laktosa.
4. Faktor imunologik Difinisi IgA akan menyebabkan tubuh tidak mampu mengatasi infeksi dan
parasit dalam usus

Penatalaksanaan
Lima Langkah Tuntaskan Diare (LINTAS DIARE) yaitu:
1. Rehidrasi menggunakan oralit osmolaritas rendah
2. Zinc selama 10 hari berturut-turut
3. Pemberian ASI dan makanan
4. Pemberian antibiotik sesuai indikasi
5. Nasihat pada ibu/ pengasuh anak

Data Fokus
a) Data Subyektif
1. Ibu pasien mengatakan mau makan 1x sehari dengan 1 porsi di Rumah Sakit, minum 400 cc /
hari ( 2 gelas )
2. Ibu pasien mengatakan anaknya diare 5X dengan konsistensi encer tidak berlendir / berdarah
3. Ibu pasien mengatakan di bagian anus bila di bersihkan pasien menangis
P : Nyeri di rasakan saat di bersihkan
Q: Nyeri seperti di tusuk-tusuk
R: di bagian anus
S: Skala 4
T: Hilang timbul
b) Data Obyektif
1. Pasien tampak lemah dan pucat
 2. Lidah pasien kotor
3. Mata cowong
4. Terdapat iritasi di bagian Anus

1. Kurangnya volume cairan berhubungan dengan seringnya buang air besar dan encer.
2. Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan menurunnya
intakedan menurunnya absorbsi makanan dan cairan
3. Resiko gangguan integritas kulit ditandai dengan kemerahan di sekitar anus

Intervensi

1. Kaji intake dan output, otot dan observasi frekuensi defekasi, karakteristik, jumlahdan
faktor pencetus
Rasional : menentukan kehilangan dan kebutuhan cairan
2. Kaji status hidrasi, ubun-ubun, mata, turgor kulit, dan membran mukosa.
Rasional : menentukan kehilangan dan kebutuan cairan
3. Pemberian obat antidiare, antibiotik, anti emeti dan anti piretik sesuai program.
Rasional : menurunkan pergerakan usus dan muntah

1. Timbang BB tiap hari

Rasional : mengevaluasi keefektifan dalam pemberian nutrisi.
2. Pembatasan aktifitas selama fase sakit akut
Rasional : mengurangi reyurtasi
3. Monitor intake dan output
Rasional : observasi kebutuhan nutrisi

1. Kaji kerusakan kulit / iritasi setiap buang air besar

Rasional : menentukan intervensi lebih lanjut.
2. Gunakana kapas lembab dan sabun bayi (pH normal) untuk membersihkan anus
setiap buang air besar.
Rasional : menghindari resiko infeksi kulit.-
 
3. Hindari dari pakaian dan pengalas tempat tidur yang lembab.
Rasional : mengurangi infeksi secara dini

Definition of diarrhea
Diarrhea is defecation with a soft or liquid consistency, it can even be in the form of
water with frequency more often than usual (three or more times) in one day.
Etiology
1. Internal infections which are digestive tract infections which are the main causes of
diarrhea in children, including bacterial infections (Vibrio, E. Colli, Salmonella,
Shigella), viral infections (Enterroviruses, Rota viruses, Andenoviruses, Astriviruses) and
parasitic infections (ie worms ie Ascaris, Ticturis, Oxyiuris, Stangloides, Protozoa
include Glarida lambliatrichomonashominis and fungi namely candida, albicans Parental
infections infections outside the digestive tract (OMA, pharyngitis, brochopneumonia,
ensepalitis)
2. Food poisoning
 Caused by bacterial toxins and toxins released by the food itself.
4. Malabsorption factors
Ie disacarida intolerance (lactose, maltose, sucrose), monosaccharide (glucose and
galactose intolerance) fat, protein malabsorption in infants and children who are
attacked in lactose intolerance.
5. Immunologic factors IgA definition will cause the body to be unable to cope with
infections and parasites in the intestine

Management
Five Steps to Complete Diarrhea (LINTAS DIARE):
1. Rehydration using low osmolarity ORS
2. Zinc for 10 consecutive days
3. Breastfeeding and food
4. Provision of antibiotics as indicated
5. Advice to mother / child caregiver
Focus Data
a) Subjective Data
1. The patient's mother said that she would like to eat 1 time a day with 1 portion in the
hospital, drink 400 cc / day (2 cups)
2. The patient's mother said that her child had diarrhea 5X with a thin, non-slimy /
bleeding consistency 3. The patient's mother said that in the anus the patient cried
P: Pain is felt when cleaned
Q: Pain like being pricked
R: In the anal section
S: Scale 4
Q: Missing arises
b) Objective Data
1. The patient looks weak and pale
2. The patient's tongue is dirty
3. Cowboy eyes
4. There is irritation in the anus

1. Lack of fluid volume associated with frequent bowel movements and watery.
2. Changes in nutrition less than the body's needs associated with decreased intact and
decreased absorption of food and fluids
3. The risk of impaired skin integrity is characterized by redness around the anus

Intervention

1. Assess intake and output, muscle and observe defecation frequency, characteristics,
number and precipitating factors
Rational: determine the loss and need for fluids
2. Assess hydration status, crown, eye, skin turgor, and mucous membrane.
Rational: determine fluid loss and need
3. Provision of antidiarrheal drugs, antibiotics, anti emeti and anti pyretic according to the
program.
Rational: reduce bowel movements and vomiting

1. Weigh BB every day

Rational: evaluating effectiveness in providing nutrition.
2. Limitation of activity during the acute illness phase
Rational: reduce rehabilitation
3. Monitor intake and output
Rational: observation of nutritional needs

1. Assess skin damage / irritation for each bowel movement

Rational: determine further intervention.
2. Use a damp cotton swab and baby soap (normal pH) to clean the anus every bowel
movement.
Rational: avoid the risk of skin infection.
3. Avoid from clothes and damp bedding.
Rational: reduce infection early