HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

Sebagai rasa syukur atas terselesaikannya laporan ini maka penulis ingin
mengucapkan rasa terima kasih dan persembahan yang sebesar-besarnya kepada :
1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas kehidupan dan hikmat yang telah Engkau
berikan.
2. Kedua orang tuaku yang selalu mendukungku. Terima kasih untuk doa dan
nasehat yang selalu diberikan kepadaku.
3. Dosen pengajar mata kuliah kristalografi dan mineralogi, Dr. Herry Z.
Kotta., ST, MT
4. Para asisten dosen mata kuliah kristalografi dan mineralogi.
5. Teman-teman angkatan 2016 ( CHROME’16 ) yang telah membantu
menyelesaikan makalah ini.

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 KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur Penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang
senantiasa memberikan nikmat dan karunia–Nya sehingga Penulis dapat
menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan ini, dengan judul “PRAKTIKUM
KRISTALOGRAFI DAN MINERALOGI

Penyelasaian laporan kristalografi dan mineralogi tidak akan berhasil baik

tidak adanya dukungan dan sumbangan pemikiran yang terus menerus dari berbagai
pihah.Pada kesempatan ini saya ingin menyampaikan terima kasih yang mendalam:

1.Tuhan yang Maha Kuasa atas segala berkat-Nya telah membuka cakrawala
penulis
2.Ibu Ika Krisnasiwi,ST.MT. Selaku ketua jurusan Tteknik Pertambangan yang
telah memberikan kami tempat untuk menimba ilmu.
3. Bapak DR. Herry Z. Kotta, ST. MT. Selaku dosen mata kuliah kristalografi dan
mineralogi yang tela membantu serta memberikan arahan kepada penulis dalam
menyelesaikan laporan ini.
4. Para asisten dosen mata kuliah kristalografi dan mineralogi yang juga turut
membantu.
5. Semua kelurga tercinta yang selalu mendoakan penulis pada setiap kesempatan
serta atas dukungan kepada penulis
6. Seluru rekan-rekan mahasiswa Teknik Pertambangan Fakultas Sains dan Teknik
Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang, khususnya” CHROME 16”.
Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan laporan ini jauh dari
kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, Penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik demi
perbaikan dan kesempurnaan laporan ini. Semoga laporan ini dapat memberikan
manfaat khususnya bagi Penulis sendiri maupun bagi pembaca umumnya.

Kupang, Desember 2017

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................ii
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................iii
KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI ..........................................................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR..........................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................... x
BAB I PRAKTIKUM KRISTAL DAN MINERALOGI........................................1
1.1 PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................1
1.1.1 Latar Belakang .....................................................................................1
1.1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan ..............................................................................1
1.1.3 Manfaat..................................................................................................2
1.1.4 Ruang Lingkup ....................................................................................2
1.1.5 Peralatan yang digunakan ....................................................................2
BAB II KRISTALOGRAFI .................................................................................4
2.1 DASAR TEORI ........................................................................................4
2.1.1 Pengertian Kristalografi dan Kristal ................................................4
2.1.1.1 Struktur Kristal ........................................................................5
2.1.2 Sumbu Kristalografi..............................................................................7
2.1.3 Sudut Kristalografi................................................................................7
2.1.4 Unsur-unsur Simetri Kristal...................................................................9
2.1.4.1 Bidang simetri ...........................................................................9
2.1.4.2 Sumbu simetri............................................................................9
2.1.4.3 Pusat simetri............................................................................10
2.1.5 Kristalografi ........................................................................................10
2.2 CARA KERJA ...........................................................................................13
2.2.1 Sistem regular (cubic, isometric, tesseral, tessular)............................14
2.2.2 Sistem Sumbu Tetragonal (quadratic)................................................15
2.2.3 Sistem Sumbu Heksagonal .................................................................16
2.2.4 Sistem Sumbu Trigonal (rhombohedral).............................................17
2.2.5 Sistem Sumbu Orthorhombic (prismatic, rhombic)............................18
2.2.6 Sistem Sumbu Monoklin.....................................................................19
2.2.7 Sistem Sumbu Triklin.........................................................................20
2.3 DESKRIPSI KRISTAL...............................................................................21

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 2.3.1 Penentuan Kelas Simetri .....................................................................21
2.3.1.1 Menurut Herman Mauguin .....................................................22
2.3.1.2 Menurut Schoenflish ..............................................................24
Deskripsi 7 Sistem Kristal ................................................................................27
BAB III PRAKTIKUM MINERALOGI ............................................................34
3.1 DASAR TEORI..........................................................................................34
3.1.1 Pengertian Mineralogi dan Mineral.....................................................34
3.2 CARA PEMERIAN NAMA MINERAL...................................................36
3.2.1 Sifat-sifat Fisik Yang Diselidiki..........................................................36
3.2.1.1 Warna (colour)........................................................................36
3.2.1.2 Perawakan Kristal (Crystal habits)...................................36
3.2.1.3 Kilap (Luster).........................................................................41
3.2.1.4 Kekerasan (Hardness).........................................................42
3.2.1.5 Gores (streak).........................................................................43
3.2.1.6 Belahan (Cleavage)................................................................43
3.2.1.7 Pecahan (fracture)..................................................................44
3.2.1.8 Daya Tahan Terhadap Pukulan (Tenacity).............................45
3.2.1.9 Berat Jenis ( Specific Grafity) ................................................46
3.2.1.10 Sifat kemagnetan ..................................................................46
3.2.1.12 Derajat Transparant...............................................................47
3.3 KLASIFIKASI KELAS MINERAL...........................................................47
3.4 PROSES PEMBENTUKAN MINERAL....................................................51
3.5 BEBERAPA DESKRIPSI MINERAL......................................................54
BAB IV PENUTUP.................................................................................................72
4.1 KRITIK......................................................................................................72
4.2 SARAN ....................................................................................................74
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Struktur kristal...............................................................................6
Gambar 2.2 Sumbu kristalografi........................................................................7
Gambar 2.3 Tujuh prinsip letak bidang kristal sumbu kristalografi.................. 8
Gambar 2.4 Sistem Kubik ................................................................................14
Gambar 2.5 Sistem Tetragonal.........................................................................15
Gambar 2.6 Sistem Heksagonal........................................................................17
Gambar 2.7 Sistem Trigonal.............................................................................17
Gambar 2.8 Sistem Orthorombik.....................................................................18
Gambar 2.9 Sistem Monoklin...........................................................................20
Gambar 2.10 Sistem Triklin..............................................................................21
Gambar 3.1 Tourmanilne..................................................................................36
Gambar 3.2 Asbestos........................................................................................37
Gambar 3.3 Natrolite ......................................................................................37
Gambar 3.4 Cerrusite .......................................................................................37
Gambar 3.5 Silver ............................................................................................37
Gambar 3.6 Cuprite .........................................................................................37
Gambar 3.7 Zircon...........................................................................................38
Gambar 3.8 Phyropylite....................................................................................38
Gambar 3.9 Marcasite ......................................................................................38
Gambar 3.10 Kyanite .....................................................................................38
Gambar 3.11 Hematite.....................................................................................38
Gambar 3.12 Microcline..................................................................................39
Gambar 3.13 Mica............................................................................................39
Gambar 3.14 Gipsum........................................................................................39
Gambar 3.15 Mica............................................................................................39
Gambar 3.16 malachite.....................................................................................39
Gambar 3.17 Geothile.......................................................................................40
Gambar 3.18 Pyromorphite...............................................................................40
Gambar 3.19 Sodalite.......................................................................................40
Gambar 3.20 Pisolitic.......................................................................................40
Gambar 3.21 Geothite.......................................................................................40
Gambar 3.22 Hematie.....................................................................................41
Gambar 3.23 Beberapa jenis goresan .............................................................43
Gambar 3.24 Obsidian ..................................................................................... 44

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 Gambar 3.25 Asbes .......................................................................................... 45
Gambar 3.24 Hematite ..................................................................................... 45
Gambar 3.25 Tembaga ..................................................................................... 45

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 DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 10 skala mohs..................................................................................42
Tabel 3.2 Kelompok mineral ..........................................................................49

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 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN LEMBARAN ACC PRAKTIKUM KRISTALOGRAFI DAN

MINERALOGI