SKRIPSI YubaYubaYu (14-Agus-2020)

LAMPIRAN D
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia
Kode : D-111
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku NH3 99.95%
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup torispherical
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D
Jenis Sambungan : Single welded butt joints
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = -33.34 oC = 239.81 K
b. Tekanan = 1 atm = 14.6960 psi
Densitas : 681.4723 kg/m3
Laju Alir Massa : 10354.4672 kg/jam
Kebutuhan perancangan : 7 hari
Faktor Kelonggaran : 20 % (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

L.A. Massa BM ni ρ xi.ρ Laju Volumetrik
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kg/m )3
(kg/m3) m3/jam
NH3 10349.29 17.03 607.7093 0.99952746 681.2843 680.9624 15.1980
H2O 5.1772 18.02 0.2873 0.00047254 1079.0595 0.5099 10.1534
Total 10354.467 607.9966 1 681.4723 25.3514
Tangki dirancang dengan waktu tinggal (τ), τ = 7 hari

VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 24 jam × 7 hari × 25.3514 m3/jam
= 4,259.0374 m3
D-233
Dengan faktor keamanan (over design) sebesar 20% (Peters and Timmerhaus, 1991:37), diperoleh
volume tangki
VT = 120% × 4,259.0374 m3
= 5,110.8449 m3
= 180,487.9533 ft3
Diameter (Di) dan Tinggi Tangki (HT)

Diasumsikan beberapa hal sebagai berikut
Hs = 1.5 Di
Hha = Hhb = Hh
Dimana Hs adalah tinggi silinder dan Hh adalah tinggi tutup. Volume tutup flanged and dished head
(Vh) adalah sebagai berkut
Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah sebagai berkut
Vh = 0.0000 Di3
Maka persamaan volume total adalah
VT = Volume Tutup Atas + Volume Silinder
= Vh + Volume Silinder
= 4.9E-05 Di3 +
0.00 ft3 = 0.0000 Di3

Di = 0.0000 ft
= 0.000 m
= 0.0000 in
= #DIV/0! m3
= #DIV/0! ft3
Volume liquid menempati 80% volume tangki, sehingga:

VT = VL / 80%
= #DIV/0! / 80%
= #DIV/0! m 3
= #DIV/0! ft3
= #DIV/0! bbl
2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell
Asumsi: Ls/D = 1.5 ID

Vt = V. Silinder + V.tutup
#DIV/0! = πID2Ls + 0.0847 ID3
D-234
4
#DIV/0! = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.0847 ID3
ID3 = #DIV/0! ft3
ID = #DIV/0! ft ID std = 30 ft
= #DIV/0! in = 360 in
Perhitungan Tinggi Liquid
VL = V. liquid dalam silinder
#DIV/0! = πID2Lls
4
#DIV/0! = 706.5000 Lls
Lls = #DIV/0! ft
= #DIV/0! in
= #DIV/0! m
Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana
PTotal = Phidrostatik + POperasi

= ρ × g × Hliquid + 14.6960 psi
= #DIV/0! Pa + 14.6960 psi
= #DIV/0! psi + 14.6960 psi
= #DIV/0! psi
= #DIV/0! psig
Faktor keamanan 20%

Pdesain = #DIV/0! psig
Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

Digunakan material Stainless Steel SA-285 Grade D
Tegangan maksimum yang diizinkan, f = 12650 (Brownell, 1959. Hal 251)
Faktor pengelasan double welded butt join, = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959. Hal 254)
Faktor korosi, C = 0.0625 in (1/16) (Peters & Timmerhaus, 1991, hal. 542)
Tekanan desain (Pi) = #DIV/0! psig
ID = 360 in
Sehingga,
ts = pi × ID
+ C
D-235
+ C
2 × (f. E - 0,6 pi)
= #DIV/0! + 0.0625
#DIV/0!
= #DIV/0! in = #DIV/0! in
16
Digunakan ts std 5/8 = 0.75 in
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
360 + 1.5
= 361.5 in
Tinggi silinder standar

Ls std = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 360
= 540 in
= 45 ft
Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID stan = 204 in

= 5.180 m
icr = 12 1/4 in = 0.311028 m
r = 170 in = 4.3163 m
Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi

ID = OD - (2 × tebal shell)
= 0.000 in - 0 in
= 0.00 in
= 0.0000 m
Hs = 3/8 × ID
= 3/8 × 0 in
= 0 in
= 0 m
D-236
PxrxW (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.77)
Tebal tutup tangki = + C
(2 x f x E - 0,2 P)
1 r (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.76)

W = x ( 3 + ( )0,5 )
4 icr
= 1.6813
tha (tebal tutup) = #VALUE! in
= 0.375 in (standarisasi)
standar flange = 1 1/2 - 3
a = 1/2 ID
= 102 in
AB = a - icr
= 89 3/4 in
BC = r - icr
= 157 3/4 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 129.73049 in
b = r - AC
= 40.26951 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 43.64451 in
= 3.636897 ft
Total Tinggi Tangki = H + hb

= #REF! + 3.636897
= #REF! ft
= #REF! m
= 0 + 0.000000
= 0.00000 ft
= 0.000000 m
D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen Oksida
D-237
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku etilen oksida
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup conical
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 10.7 C
o
= 283.85 K
Densitas : 882.7086 kg/m 3

Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Etilena Oksida

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3)
C2H4O 7649.1485 17.03 449.157281 0.99971657 882.663923617 882.413748
H2O 2.2947 18.02 0.12734184 0.00028343 1040.40111055 0.29488344
Total 7651.4432 449.284623 1 1923.06503416 882.708631
A. Menentukan Tipe Tangki

Tangki yang digunakan adalah tangki silinder (cylindrical tank) dengan
dasar datar (flat bottom), dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku disimpan dalam fase cair jenuh
2. Kondisi operasi tangki pada tekanan 1 atm dan suhu 30⁰C
3. Konstruksi sederhana sehingga lebih ekonomis
B. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

Bahan konstruksi yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D dengan
pertimbangan : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku berupa amonia cair dengan konsentrasi minimal 99,5%
2. Terpenuhi untuk penggunaan suhu rendah sampai -40 ⁰C
D-238
C. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki
1. Menentukan Volume Larutan dan Volume Tangki
m × kebutuhan perancangan × waktu dalam satu hari

VL =
densitas
7651.4432 kg/jam × 14 hari× 24 jam/hari

=
882.708631454508 kg/m 3
= 1456.2477490 m3
= 51426.9523825 ft3
VT = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × Volume Larutan

= ( 1 + 20% ) × 1456.2477490 m3
= 1747.49729883 m3
= 61712.34286 ft3
= 10991.4619619 bbl
1 1
VT = π Di2 H sehingga, VT = π Di3
4 4
1
### ft3 = π Di3
4
Di3 = 78542.982 ft3

Di = 42.8255 ft
= 513.90602 in
pi × Di
ts (stress axial) = + C
2 × ( f × E - 0.6 × Pi )
14.6960 × 513.906023013487
= + 0.15
2 × 12650 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 14.70
= 0.52346586 in
D-239
Untuk Storage ukuran besar, ts > 1/4 in, maka
Storage besar dengan H = 3/8 Di
H = 16.0595632192 ft
= 12 ft (standarisasi)
= 144 in
Di = 42.82550192 ft
= 20 ft (standarisasi)
= 240 in
Jumlah course = 2
Kapasitas tangki = 670 bbl (standarisasi) (Brownell, 1959 App. E)
= 2821.32813 ft 3
Tebal tutup tangki = 3/16 (standarisasi)
Volume Larutan
Tinggi larutan dalam tangki (H1) = × H
Volume Tangki
51426.952382 ft3
= × 12 ft
61712.34286 ft3
= 10.00 ft
= 3.0480 m
Tekanan hidrostatik (P) = ρ × g × l

= 882.70863 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2 × 3.0480 m
= 26366.85990 Pa
= 3.823195 psi
P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × ( P + Pref )

= ( 1 + 20% ) × ( 3.823195 + 14.6960 ) psi
= 22.22303 psi
= 1.512277 atm
Tebal silinder tiap course

t1 = 0.0001456 x ( H - 1) x Di + C
= 0.0445 ft = 0.5344 in
t2 = 0.0001456 x ( H - 8) - 1) x Di + C
D-240
= 0.0212 ft = 0.2548 in
OD = ID + (2 × tebal shell)
= 513.91 in + 3/4 in
= 514.6560 in
= 13.06712 m
Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID stan = 204 in

= 5.180 m
icr = 12 1/4 in = 0.311028 m
r = 170 in = 4.3163 m
Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi

ID = OD - (2 × tebal shell)
= 514.656 in - 3/4 in
= 513.91 in
= 13.0481 m
Hs = 3/8 × ID
= 3/8 × 514 in
= 193 in
= 4 8/9 m

(2 x f x E - 0,2 P)

W = x ( 3 + ( )0,5 )
4 icr
= 1.6813
tha (tebal tutup) = 0.357548 in
a = 1/2 ID
= 102 in
AB = a - icr
= 89 3/4 in
D-241
BC = r - icr
= 157 3/4 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 129.73049 in
b = r - AC
= 40.26951 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 43.64451 in
= 3.636897 ft

= 12 + 3.636897
= 15.63690 ft
= 4.766126 m
D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida
Kode : F-360
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk NH4Cl
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan tutup bawah conical
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 30.00 oC = 303.15 K
b. Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 14.6960 psi
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
D-242
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.3 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 12563.131 53.50 234.824884 0.9853001 2221.24252343 2188.59048
H2O 63.131313 18.02 3.5034025 0.0146999 1022.8752672 15.0361664
Total 12626.263 238.328287 1 3244.11779063 2203.62664
Massa Amonium Klorid = 12626.2626 kg/jam × 24 jam × 1 hari

= 303030.30271 kg/hari
1. Menentukan Volume Padatan dan Volume Tangki
Volume padatan (Vp) = 303030.30271 kg/hari

= 2203.6266 kg/m3
= 137.5144 m3
Volume tangki (Vt) = ( 1+ 0.2 ) × 137.5144 m3

= 165.01723 m3
= 5827.5340 ft3

165.01723 = ( 1 + 20% ) × Volume Larutan
= 137.51435789 m3
= 4856.2782947 ft3
1
Vs = π Di2 hs
4
Di : Hs = 1: 1
1
Sehingga, Vs = π Di3
D-243
Sehingga, Vs = π Di3
4
Volume tutup tangki (Vh)

π Di3 α = 90 o (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Vh =
24 tan 1/2 α
Volume tangki (Vt)

Vt = Vs + Vh
1
137.51436 = π Di3 + 0.0808 Di3
4
Di3 = 158.68989 m
Di = 5.4140 m = 213.14828 in = 17.7623928 ft
Hs = 5.4140 m = 213.14828 in = 17.7623928 ft (Timmerhaus, 2004)
3. Penentuan Tebal Shell

P × ri
t = + C
( f × E - 0.6 × P )
Volume Padatan = 137.5144 m3

Volume Tangki = 137.51436 m3
Volume padatan
Volume Padatan dalam tangki (l = × Hs
Volume tangki
137.5144 m3
= × 5.4140 m
137.51436 m3
= 5.4140 m

= 2203.6266 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2 × 5.4140 m3
= 116917.76576 Pa
= 16.953076 psi

= ( 1 + 20% ) × ( 16.953076 + 14.6960 ) psi
= 37.97889 psi
= 2.584464 atm
Direncanakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C

dimana :
D-244
f = 13750 psia (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.1)
E = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.2)
C = 0.0625 in (Brownell, 1959)
Tebal shell tangki

pi × ri
ts = + C
2× ( f × E - 0.6 × pi )
37.97889 × 213.14828
= + 0.0625
2× ( 13750 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 37.97889 )
= 0.4312245 in
Tebal standar yang digunak = 1/2 in

Standarisasi diameter
Do std = di + 2ts
= 213.14828 in + ( 2× 1/2 in )
= 214.15 in ≈ 216 in
= 0.5400 m
Di std = Do std - 2ts

= 216 in - ( 2× 1/2 in )
= 215 in
Hs std = 1× Di
= 1× 215 in
= 215 in
= 5.4610 m
Tebal tutup tangki

pi × Di α = 90
t = + C
2× ( f × E - 0,6 pi ) cos 1/2 α
37.9789 × 215 1
= +
2× 13750 × 0.8 - 22.7873 × 0.5253 16
= 0.7705 in
Tebal standar yang digunak = 7/8 in (standarisasi) (Brownell, 1959)
Staright-flange dan tinggi tutup
D-245
Untuk tebal head sebesar 7/8, diperoleh panjang standar untuk sf (staright-flange)
dengan bottom head conical adalah :
Sf = 1 1/2 - 4
Di pilih = 4 in (Brownell, 1959)
Tinggi tutup :
Do
Hh =
2 tan 1/2 α
216 in
=
2 tan 1/2 90
= 66.6759 in
= 1.6936 m
Tinggi total tangki :

H total = Hs + Hh
= 215.00 in + 66.6759 in
= 281.6759 in
= 7.1546 m
D-246
D.4 Vaporizer
Kode : V-110
Fungsi : Menguapkan NH3 sebelum diumpankan ke Reaktor
Jenis : Submerged coil
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 30 o
C = 303.15 K
Densitas Produk : 596.0793 kg/m3
Laju Alir Produk : 4210.1378 kg/jam
Asumsi Waktu Tinggal : 1 jam
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.4 Data Densitas Vaporizer Amonia

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH3 4189.0871 17.03 245.982801 0.9953 594.052464619 591.244613
H2O 21.0507 18.02 1.16818535 0.0047 1022.8752672 4.83472844
Total 4210.1378 247.150986 1.0000 1616.92773182 596.079341
D-249
Tabel D.5 Neraca Energi pada Vaporizer
Komponen Qin (kJ./jam) Qout (kJ./jam)
NH3 99472.3516 4689797.3323

H2 O 441.4640 952375.4924
Preheating, Qp - 5642172.8247
Vaporizing, Qv - 19031.9639
Steam, Qs 5542259.009 -
1. Menghitung Δt LMTD
Berdasarkan data neraca panas pada Tabel D.2 diperoleh:
Qpreheating = 5542259.009 kg/jam

= 12218653.4293084 Btu/jam
Tsteam = 150 ˚C = 302 ˚F

Dari steam table Geankoplis, 2005 diperoleh λsteam = 2114.3 kJ/kg
= 908.9861989 Btu/lb
t1 = 30 °C = 86 °F
t2 = 41.3 °C = 106.34 °F
86 + 106.34
tavg = = 96.17 °F
2
T1 = 150 °C = 302 °F
T2 = 145 °C = 293 °F
302 + 293.00
Tavg = = 297.5 °F
2
D-250
Tabel D.6 Data ΔT Preheating
Fluida Panas Fluida Dingin Selisih Δt
302 Suhu Tinggi 106.34 196 Δt2
293 Suhu Rendah 86 207 Δt1
9 Selisih -11 Δt2 - Δt1
Δt2 - Δt1
Δt LMTD =
ln (Δt2/Δt1)
-11
=
ln ( 196 / 207 )
= 201 °F
Spesifikasi yang digunakan berdasarkan jenis-jenis vaporizer adalah Submerged Coil
(Ulrich, 1998)
Asumsi : digunakan coil 4 in IPS schedule 40 (Tabel 11 hal.844 Kern, 1965)
Fluida Panas: Steam (Bagian Coil) Fluida Dingin: Amonia cair (Bagian Tangki)
a. Menentukan hio a. Menentukan ho
Untuk steam yang mengembun, ho = 75 Btu/jam/ft.°F
hio = 1500 Btu/jam/ft.°F (Trial assume)
(Kern, hal. 164, 1965)
b. Menghitung tw
hio
tw = tavg + x ( Tavg - tavg )
hio + ho
1500
tw = 96.17 + x ( 201 )
1575
= 287.91 °F
c. Menghitung tf
(tw + tavg)
tf =
2
D-251
288 + 96.17
=
2
= 192.04143 °F
d. Menentukan ho (melalui grafik)
Dari Gambar 10.4 Kern, 1965 hal: 216 diperoleh:
Δt = tw - tavg
= 287.91 - 96.17
= 191.74 °F
do = 4.5 in (Kern, 1965 hal:844)
Δt 191.74
=
do 4.5
= 42.609524
ho = 75 Btu/jam/ft.°F
e. Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

hio x ho
Uc =
hio + ho
1,500 x 75
=
1,500 + 75
= 71.429 Btu/jam/ft.°F
f. Fouling factors
Rd = 0.01 (Kern, 1965 hal: 724)
g. Desain Overall Coefficient, Ud

1 1
hd = = = 100
Rd 0.01
Uc x hd
Ud =
Uc + hd
71.4286 x 100
=
71.4286 + 100
= 41.6667 Btu/jam/ft.°F
D-252
h. Luas Perpindahan Panas
Q
A =
Ud x Δt LMTD
1221865.34293084
=
41.6667 x 201
= 145.6938 ft2
i. Banyak coil yang dibutuhkan

Dari Tabel 11. Kern, 1965 Hal: 844 diperoleh surface per lin
= ft 1.1780 ft2/ft
145.6938
Coil yang dibutuhkan = = 123.6789 ≈ 124 lilitan
1.1780
2. Menentukan bahan konstruksi vaporizer

Bahan konstruksi dipilih Carbon Steel SA - 283 Grade C dengan pertimbangan :
a. mempunyai tekanan maksimum yang diizinkan relatif besar yaitu 12.650 psia
(Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.1 Hal 251)
b. tahan terhadap korosi (Brownell,1959 Hal 36)
3. Perancangan dimensi vaporizer

Dari Tabel 9 dan 10, kern, 1965 dipilih spesifikasi :
IDs = 23 1/4 in = 0.5906 m
ID shell distandarisasi = 1 m
Pass, n' = 1 in = 0.0254 m
Buffle space, B = IDs/5 = 4.7 in = 0.3875 ft
Clearance, C' = PT-OD = 0.19 in = 0.0048 m
De = 0.55 in = 0.05 ft (fig. 28 kern,1965)
D-253
D.5 Expander
Kode : G-212
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan NH3 dari 16 atm menjadi 1 atm
Bentuk : Stage Reciprocating Expander
b. Tekanan masuk = 16.00 atm = 235.1360 psi
c. Tekanan keluar = 1.00 atm = 14.6960 psi
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.2369 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.7 Data Densitas Expander NH3

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH3 4189.0871 17.03 245.982803 1 576.215146656 576.215147
Penentuan daya expander, dengan efisiensi expander

= 55% (Ulrich, 1984)
m × ΔP
Ws = η ×
ρ
1.1636 kg/detik × 220.4400 psi

= 55% ×
576.2151 kg/m3
D-254
= 0.2448417 hp ≈ 1 hp
D-255
D.6 Centrifuge
Kode : H-320
Fungsi : Memisahkan kristal NH4Cl dari larutan induk
Bentuk : Knife-Discharge Bowl Centrifuge
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.304E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.8 Data Densitas Campuran Kristal Produk

Massa BM ρ µ
Komponen xi xi.ρ xi.µ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m3) (cP)
NH4Cl 14557.338 53.50 0.98 2209 2165.2117 129.103502 126.521432
H2O 297.08853 18.02 0.020 1013 20.2541652 0.6507232 0.01301446
Total 14854.4266 1 3222 2185.46586 129.75422 126.534446
D-255
𝜌 campuran = 2185.4658614 kg/m3
= 136.4326 lb/ft3
µ campuran = 126.5344 cP
= 306.2134 lb/ft.h
= 0.0850593 lb/ft.s
Tabel D.9 Data Densitas Campuran Mother Liquor

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 66.8449 53.50 0.02 2209 44.1879806 129.103502 2.58206926
H2O 3275.4011 18.02 0.980 1013 992.454103 0.6507232 0.63770874
Total 3342.2460 1 3222 1036.64208 129.754225 3.219778
𝜌 campuran = 1036.6420835 kg/m3

= 64.714726082 lb/ft3
= 7.7918628 lb/ft.h
= 0.0021644 lb/ft.s
1. Penentuan Volume Produk dan Mother Liquor
Laju alir produk

VP =
Densitas
14854.426632 kg/jam
=
2185.4658614 kg/m3
= 6.7969154285 m3/jam
D-256
= 240.03102928 ft3/jam
Laju alir mother liquor

VM =
Densitas
3342.246 kg/jam
=
1036.6420835 kg/m3
= 3.2241079668 m3/jam
= 113.85840562 ft3/jam
2. Penentuan Spesifikasi Centrifuge
Berdasarkan Tabel 18-12 (Perry, 2008 hal 18-121), ditetapkan spesifikasi centrifuge
adalah sebagai berikut :
Jenis = Knife-Discharge Bowl Centrifuge
Diameter Bowl = 68 in = 1.7272 m
Speed = 900 rpm
Max centrifugal force = 780
Throughput = 20.5 ton/jam
Power = 40 hp
D-257
D.7 Rotary Dryer
Kode : H-330
Fungsi : Mengurangi kadar air dalam kristal NH4Cl
Bentuk : Steam Tube Rotary Dryer
Waktu Tinggal : 0.075 jam
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.304E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 14557.338 53.50 0.98 2121 2078.56623 129.103502 126.521432
D-258
H2O 297.08853 18.02 0.020 935 18.7020073 0.6507232 0.01301446
Total 14854.4266 1 3056 2097.26823 129.75422 126.534446
1. Penentuan Kecepatan Volumetrik Larutan
laju alir massa

VL =
densitas
14854.4266 kg/jam
=
2097.2682336 kg/m3
= 7.0827500 m3/jam
= 250.12519228 ft3/jam

= ( 1 + 20% ) × 7.0827500 m3
= 8.4993000289 m3/jam
= 300.15023 ft3/jam
2. Penentuan Waktu Tinggal
0.075 × V × ρ
θ =
S
0.075 × 7.082750 m3/jam × 2097.268234 kg/m3

=
14854.4266 kg/jam
= 0.075 jam
3. Penentuan Luas Permukaan Rotary Dryer
D-259
Parameter Thot Tcold Diff.
Suhu tinggi 423.15 393.15 30.00
Suhu rendah 418.15 314.15 104.00
Diff. 5.00 79.00 74.00
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
Δt1
= 59.5241 K
UD = 110 J/m2.detik.K
Q
A =
UD × LMTD
= 27.390859 m2
= 294.83276 ft2
= 424.55917 in2
4. Penentuan Dimensi Rotary Dryer
Jumlah steam yang dibutuhkan = 1724.4353 lb/jam

Range kecepatan steam pada rotary dryer = 200 - 1000 lb/ft2.jam
Asumsi rate steam = 200 lb/ft2.jam
Luas permukaan rotary dryer = 8.6221763 ft2
Diameter rotary dryer = 3.313321 ft
Volume rotary dryer × 4

Panjang rotary dryer =
Diameter rotary dryer2 × π
D-260
= 11.6038 ft
= 3.5368 m
5. Penentuan Kecepatan Rotary Dryer
Number of heat transfer = 2 - 4 (Walas, 2012)

Standart diameter rotary = 2 × 3.313321 ft = 6.6266419214 ft
= 4 × 3.313321 ft = 13.253283843 ft
Maka ditetapkan diameter = 6 ft
Kecepatan rotary = 25 - 35 rpm (Walas, 2012)

= 25 / 3.313321 ft = 7.5452998053 ft
= 35 / 3.313321 ft = 10.563419727 ft
6. Penentuan Daya Motor Penggerak
Total hp untuk penggerak rotary dryer adalah= 0,5 D2 - D2

Diambil daya (P) = 0,5 D2
= 5.4890479 hp ≈ 6 hp
D-261
D.8 Cyclone 1
Kode : H-340
Fungsi : Memisahkan padatan NH4Cl keluaran dari rotary dryer
Bentuk : Silinder tegak dengan dasar berbentuk conis dan tutup
atas berbentuk flat
Jenis : High Throughtput centrifugal cyclone
C = 393.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.304E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
D-262
Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1994.2067 53.50 0.895 2121 1898.28243 129.103502 115.547635
H2O 233.9572 18.02 0.105 935 98.1855345 0.6507232 0.06832593
Total 2228.1639 1 3056 1996.46796 129.75422 115.615961
Asumsi time pass = 2 second

Rate Steam = 782.1987 kg/jam = 1724.4353 lb/jam
T operasi = 120 o
C = 707.67 Rankine
T referensi = 25 o
C = 536.67 Rankine
536.67 1 18.02
ρ = × ×
707.67 1 71.52
= 0.1911 lb/ft3
1724.4353 lb/jam
Rate Volumetrik =
0.1911 lb/ft3
= 1804.9828 ft3/s
Laju alir massa = 2228.1639 kg/jam = 4912.2101 lb/jam
Densitas massa = 1996.468 kg/m3 = 124.6340 lb/ft3
4912.2101 lb/jam
Laju alir volumetrik =
124.6340 lb/ft3
= 39.4131 ft3/jam = 0.0109 ft3/s
Total volumetri = 1804.9828 + 0.0109
= 1804.9938 ft3/s
Volume beban = 3609.99 ft3 = 102.2233 m3
2. Penentuan Dimensi Cyclone
D-263
Berdasarkan Ulrich, 1984 Tabel 4-23. Nilai H/D = 4-6, maka diambil nilai H/D = 6
π
Volume shell = D2 H
4
π
3609.9875 = D2 6D
4
3609.9875 = 4.71 D3
D3 = 766.4517
D = 9.1516 ft
Diameter cyclone (Dc) = 9.1516 ft = 109.82 in = 2.79 m
Diameter lubang inlet (Bc) = Dc/4
= 2.2879 ft = 27.455 in = 0.70 m
Diameter gas outlet (De) = Dc/2
= 4.5758 ft = 54.909 in = 1.39 m
Tinggi lubang inlet (Hc) = Dc/2
= 4.5758 ft = 54.909 in = 1.39 m
Panjang silinder (Lc) = 2 × Dc
= 2 × 9.1516 ft
= 18.3031 ft = 219.64 in = 5.58 m
Panjang konis (Zc) = 2 × Dc
= 2 × 9.1516 ft
= 18.3031 ft = 219.64 in = 5.58 m
Diameter lubang dust out (Jc) = Dc/4
= 2.2879 ft = 27.455 in = 0.70 m
Jarak duct dengan pipa keluaran gas (Sc)
= Dc/8
= 1.1439 ft
= 13.73 in
= 0.3487 m
Perancangan cyclone dihitung dengan persamaan diameter partikel minimum

Dpth = √(((9.µ𝑠.𝐵𝑐)/(π.𝑁𝑠.𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥.(ρ𝑝−ρ𝑠)) (Perry, 2008 Hal 17-30)
D-264
Dimana :
viskositas campuran (µs) = 0.0777 lb/ft.s
diameter lubang inlet (Bc) = 2.2879 ft
densitas steam(ρs) = 0.1911 lb/ft3
densitas partikel (ρp) = 124.6340 lb/ft3
area cyclone = 2 × Bc2 = 10.4689 ft2
Total volumetrik 1804.9938 ft3/s
Kecepatan maximum (Vc) = =
Cyclone area 10.4689 ft2
= 172.41531 ft/s
= 52.5522 m/s
Berdasarkan grafik Ns versus maximum velocity Perry, 2008 Hal 17-30 diperoleh
Ns = 5.8 untuk Vmax = 52.552187 m/s
9 × 0.0777 × 2.2879 0.5

Dpth =
3.14 × 5.8 × 172.41531 × ( 124.4430 )
= 0.0020 ft
3. Penentuan Tebal Shell dan Tutup Cyclone
Cyclone direncanakan menggunakan bahan carbon steel SA 283 grade C
P desain . ri
ts = + C
2 (f . E - 0.6 P desain)
Dimana :
Allowable stress (f) = 12650 lb/in2 (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.1)
Joint efficiency (E) = 80% (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.2)
Corrosion allowable (C) = 0.15
Inside radius (ri) = 55 in
P desain = 14.7 psia
D-265
14.7 × 55
ts = + 0.15
2 × ( 12650 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 14.7 )
= 0.1899 in
Dipilih tebal standa = 1/4 in

Tebal tutup atas disamakan dengan tebal tutup shell karena tekanan atmosferik.
Tebal tutup atas= 1/4 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 1/4 in
D.9 Cyclone 2
Kode : H-350
Fungsi : Memisahkan padatan NH4Cl keluaran dari cyclone 1
Bentuk : Silinder tegak dengan dasar berbentuk conis dan tutup
atas berbentuk flat
Jenis : High Throughtput centrifugal cyclone
C = 393.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
D-266
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.304E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 997.1033 53.50 0.895 2121 1898.28242 129.103502 115.547634
H2O 116.9786 18.02 0.105 935 98.1855389 0.6507232 0.06832594
Total 1114.0819 1 3056 1996.46796 129.75422 115.61596
Asumsi time pass = 2 second

Rate Steam = 782.1987 kg/jam = 1724.4353 lb/jam
T operasi = 120 o
C = 707.67 Rankine
T referensi = 25 o
C = 536.67 Rankine
536.67 1 18.02
ρ = × ×
707.67 1 71.52
= 0.1911 lb/ft3
1724.4353 lb/jam
Rate Volumetrik =
0.1911 lb/ft3
= 601.6609 ft3/s
Densitas massa = 1996.468 kg/m3 = 124.6340 lb/ft3
2456.1050 lb/jam
Laju alir volumetrik =
124.6340 lb/ft3
= 19.7065 ft3/jam = 0.0055 ft3/s
Total volumetri = 601.6609 + 0.0055
D-267
= 601.6664 ft3/s
Volume beban = 1203.33 ft3 = 34.0745 m3
2. Penentuan Dimensi Cyclone
Berdasarkan Ulrich, 1984 Tabel 4-23. Nilai H/D = 4-6, maka diambil nilai H/D = 6
π
Volume shell = D2 H
4
π
1203.3328 = D2 6D
4
1203.3328 = 4.71 D3
D3 = 255.4847
D = 6.3453 ft
Diameter cyclone (Dc) = 6.3453 ft = 76.144 in = 1.93 m
Diameter lubang inlet (Bc) = Dc/4
= 1.5863 ft = 19.036 in = 0.48 m
Diameter gas outlet (De) = Dc/2
= 3.1727 ft = 38.072 in = 0.97 m
Tinggi lubang inlet (Hc) = Dc/2
= 3.1727 ft = 38.072 in = 0.97 m
Panjang silinder (Lc) = 2 × Dc
= 2 × 6.3453 ft
= 12.6907 ft = 152.29 in = 3.87 m
Panjang konis (Zc) = 2 × Dc
= 2 × 6.3453 ft
= 12.6907 ft = 152.29 in = 3.87 m
Diameter lubang dust out (Jc) = Dc/4
= 1.5863 ft = 19.036 in = 0.48 m
Jarak duct dengan pipa keluaran gas (Sc)
= Dc/8
= 0.7932 ft
= 9.52 in
= 0.2418 m
D-268
Perancangan cyclone dihitung dengan persamaan diameter partikel minimum
Dpth = √(((9.µ𝑠.𝐵𝑐)/(π.𝑁𝑠.𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥.(ρ𝑝−ρ𝑠)) (Perry, 2008 Hal 17-30)
Dimana :
viskositas campuran (µs) = 0.0777 lb/ft.s
diameter lubang inlet (Bc) = 1.5863 ft
densitas steam(ρs) = 0.1911 lb/ft3
densitas partikel (ρp) = 124.6340 lb/ft3
area cyclone = 2 × Bc2 = 5.0329 ft2
Total volumetrik 601.6664 ft3/s
Kecepatan maximum (Vc) = =
Cyclone area 5.0329 ft2
= 119.54622 ft/s
= 36.4377 m/s
Berdasarkan grafik Ns versus maximum velocity Perry, 2008 Hal 17-30 diperoleh
Ns = 5.8 untuk Vmax = 36.437688 m/s
9 × 0.0777 × 1.5863 0.5

Dpth =
3.14 × 5.8 × 119.54622 × ( 124.4430 )
= 0.0020 ft
3. Penentuan Tebal Shell dan Tutup Cyclone
Cyclone direncanakan menggunakan bahan carbon steel SA 283 grade C
P desain . ri
ts = + C
2 (f . E - 0.6 P desain)
Dimana :
Allowable stress (f) = 12650 lb/in2 (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.1)
Joint efficiency (E) = 80% (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.2)
D-269
Corrosion allowable (C) = 0.15
Inside radius (ri) = 38 in
P desain = 14.7 psia
14.7 × 38
ts = + 0.15
2 × ( 12650 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 14.7 )
= 0.1777 in
Dipilih tebal standa = 1/4 in

Tebal tutup atas disamakan dengan tebal tutup shell karena tekanan atmosferik.
Tebal tutup atas= 1/4 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 1/4 in
D-270
D.10 Dissolving Tank
Kode : M-410
Fungsi : Recycle mother liquor sebagai pelarut
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan tutup torispherical
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.304E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1562.500 53.50 0.31167 2209 688.596231 129.103502 40.2372577
H2O 3450.86897 18.02 0.688 1013 697.080856 0.6507232 0.44791447
Total 5013.3690 1 3222 1385.67709 129.75422 40.6851722
D-270
1. Menentukan Volume Larutan dan Volume Tangki
m × waktu tinggal
VL =
densitas
5013.3690 kg/jam × 1 jam

=
1385.6770871 kg/m3
= 3.6179922 m3
= 127.76831 ft3
= ( 1 + 20% ) × 3.6179922 m3
= 4.3415906901 m3
= 153.32197 ft3
Untuk tangki berpengaduk rasio Hs/ID adalah 1- 2 (Ulrich, 1984 Tabel 4-16)
dan dipilih rasio Hs/ID tangki berpengaduk 1
Tutup atas dan bawah dipilih tipe torispherical
V = 4.9E-05 Di3 (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 5.11)
Sehingga volume untuk kedua tutup :

V = 2× 4.9E-05 Di3
= 0.000098 Di3
D-271
VT = VS + VRK
1
VT = π Di2 H + 0.000098 Di3
4
1
VT = π Di3 + 0.000098 Di3
4
1
153.3220 ft3 = π Di3 + 0.000098 Di3
4
= 195.13097 Di3
Di = 5.800188 ft
= 69.602256 in
= 1.7678973 m
Hs = 69.6023 in = 1.7679 m
1
VS = π Di2 Hs
4
= 153.31719 ft
Vh = 0.000098 Di3
= 0.000098 × 195.13097
= 0.0191228 ft3
Volume larutan dalam shell = V liq - Vh

= 127.76831 - 0.0191228
= 127.74919 ft3
VLS 127.7492
Tinggi larutan dalam tangki (HL)= =
π/4 × Di2 π/4 × ( 5.800188 ) 2
= 4.8329 ft
= 1.4731 m
D-272
= 1385.6771 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2 × 1.4731 m
= 20412.03754 Pa
= 2.959745 psi

= ( 1 + 20% ) × ( 2.959745 + 14.6960 ) psi
= 21.18689 psi
= 1.441768 atm
3. Penentuan Tebal Shell dan Tebal Tutup Tangki
Direncanakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA 283 Grace C, dimana

f = 12650
E = 0.8
C = 0.15
P×Di
ts = + C
2× ( E × f - 0.6 P )
21.18689 × 69.60226
= + 0.15
2× ( 0.8 × 12650 - 12.712137 )
= 0.2229501 in
= 0.0057 m
Sehingga, tebal shell standar yang digunakan

= 5/16 in. Dikarenakan tutup atas tangki
terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan shell,maka tebal tutup atas yang digunakan
5/16 in
OD = ID + ( 2× tebal shell )
= 69.602 + ( 2× 5/16 )
D-273
= 70.227256 in
Dari Tabel 5.7 Brownell, 1959 dipilih OD Stan = 78 in = 1.9812 m

Standarisasi ID
ID = OD - ( 2× tebal shell )
= 78 - ( 2× 5/16 )
= 77.3750 in
= 6.4476588 ft
= 1.965325 m
Standarisasi Hs
Hs = 1 1/2 × ID
= 1 1/2 × 77.3750
= 116.0625 in
= 2.9480 m
Dari Tabel 5.7 Brownell, 1959 diperoleh

icr = 4 3/4 in
r = 78 in

(2 x f x E - 0,2 P)

W = x ( 3 + ( )0,5 )
4 icr
= 1.7631
tha (tebal tutul) = 0.2940 in

D-274
a = 1/2 ID
= 38.688 in
AB = a - icr
= 33 8/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 73 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 64.9139 in
b = r - AC
= 13.0861 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 16.3986 in
= 0.4165 m

= 2.9480 + 0.833051
= 3.78104 m
= 12.4048 ft
4. Penentuan Pengaduk (Impeller)
Campuran terdiri dari amonium klorida dan air yang memiliki viskositas yang cukup
rendah dan hasil campuran diharapkan homogen dengan waktu pengadukan yang
cukup cepat maka dipilih pengaduk jenis flat six blade turbine with disk dengan
jumlah baffle 4 buah. Menghitung ukuran pengaduk, data pengaduk diperoleh dari
Tabel 3.4-1 Geankoplis hal 158
• Diameter impeller (Da)
D-275
Da/Dt = 0.3 - 0.5 diambil = 0.3
Da = 0.3 x Dt
= 0.3 x 69.6023
= 20.8807 in = 1.7400 ft = 0.5304 m
• Jarak pengaduk dari dasar tangki ( C )

C = 1 / 3 x Dt
= 1 / 3 x 69.6023
= 23.2008 in = 1.9333 ft = 0.5893 m
• Panjang Blade (L)

L = 1 / 4 x Da
= 1 / 4 x 20.8807
= 5.2202 in = 0.4350 ft = 0.1326 m
• Tinggi Blade (W)

W = 1 / 5 x Da
= 1 / 5 x 20.8807
= 4.1761 in = 0.3480 ft = 0.1061 m
• Lebar Baffle (J)

J = 1 / 12 x Dt
= 1 / 12 x 69.6023
= 5.8002 in = 0.4833 ft = 0.1473 m
• Jarak antar Blade (Dd)

Dd = 2 / 3 x Da
= 1 / 5 x 20.8807
= 4.1761 in = 0.3480 ft = 0.1061 m
Berdasarkan Walas 2012 hal 279 kecepatan putaran motor standar yang digunakan
D-276
secara komersial yaitu 37, 45, 56, 84, 100, 125, 155, 190 dan 320 rpm maka
dipilih asumsi kecepatan putaran yang digunakan yaitu 100 rpm
N = 100 rpm
= 1.6667 rps
N x Da2 x ρ
Bilangan Reynold (NRe) =
µ
1.6667 x 3.0276 x 86.5050
=
0.0273
= 15966.335461
Untuk NRe > 10000, power pengaduk merupakan fungsi dari bilangan Reynold
dan viskositas bukan merupakan suatu faktor. Dalam hal ini, aliran sangat turbulen
sehingga Np = KT
KT x ρ x N3 x Da5
P = (Mc. Cabe, 2005 pers 9.22)
gc
Dari Tabel 9.2 Mc.Cabe, 2005 untuk jenis impeller six blade disk maka diperoleh
KT = 5.75
5.75 x 86.5050 x 4.6299 x 15.9489

P =
32.1740
= 2.0756 hp
Kehilangan-kehilangan daya :
- Gain Losses (kebocoran daya pada proses dan bearing) diperkirakan 10% dari
daya masuk.
- Transmission System Losses (kebocoran belt atau gear) diperkirakan 20% dari
daya masuk.
D-277
Gain Losses = 10% Pi
Transmission Losses = 20% Pi
Pi = P + 0.1 Pi + 0.2 Pi
0.7 Pi = P
P 2.0756
Pi = = = 2.9651 Hp = 2211.1059 Watt
0.7 0.7
Dari grafik 12.18 Timmerhaus 2004 didapatkan efisiensi motor penggerak sebesar
83% maka daya penggerak motor :
Pi 2.9651
Power motor = = = 3.5725 Hp = 2663.9830 Watt
µ 0.83
D-278
D.11 Pompa 1
Kode : L-112
Fungsi : Memompakan NH3 dari tangki NH3 ke vaporizer
Tipe : Centrifuge pump
Bahan Konstruksi : Commercial steel
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30 o
C = 303.15 K
Tekanan = 16 atm = 33859.52 lb/ft2
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.14 Data Densitas Campuran Pompa 1

Massa BM ρ µ
NH3 4189.09 17.03 1 594 594.05246 0.1279 0.1278824
Total 4189.0871 1 594 594.05246 0.1278824
𝜌 campuran = 594.0525 kg/m3
D-279
= 37.0799 lb/ft3
= 0.3095 lb/ft.h
= 8.60E-05 lb/ft.s
= 1.28E-04 kg/m.s
1. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik larutan (Q)
laju alir
Q =
densitas
4189.09 kg/jam
=
594.05246462 kg/m3
= 7.0517123478 m3/jam
= 0.001958809 m3/detik = 0.0691747517 ft3/detik
2. Penentuan diameter optimum pipa

Penentuan diameter optimum pipa menggunakan per. 12.15 hal. 501 Peters &
Timmerhaus dengan mengasumsikan aliran turbulen (Nre > 2100).
Diopt = 0.363 mv0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0019588 0.45 x 594.0525 0.13
Diopt = 0.0503385 m = 1.9818 in
Dipilih pipa nominal dengan spesifikasi

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) = 2 in (standarisasi)
Schedule (sch) = 40
Diameter luar (OD) = 2.38 in
Diameter dalam (ID) = 2.067 in
= 0.1722431 ft
D-280
= 0.0524997 m
Luas Penampang (A) = 3.35 in2 (Kern, 1965 hal-844)
4xQ
Kecepatan Alir (v) =
π x ID2
0.0078352 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2/s
= 0.9053339 m/s = 2.9702195 ft/s
NRe perhitungan di dapatkan:

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
594.0525 x 0.0524997 x 0.9053339
=
1.28E-04
= 220790.07668 (Turbulen)
3. Menghitung Fanning Friction Factor (f)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
= 0.001811 in (Geankoplis, 2003 Fig. 2.10-3 hal-94)
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 220790.08 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
(Geankoplis, 2003 Fig. 2.10-3 hal-94)
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.0048
4. Menghitung Panjang Ekivalen (Le)
ΔL = Jumlah Panjang Pipa Lurus

= 3 m + 10 m + 1m + 4m + 4m
D-281
= 22 m
= 72.178 ft
ID = 0.1722431 ft
= 2.067 in
Untuk aliran turbulen diperoleh:

Friction Loss
Tipe Fitting/Valve Jumlah Kf Tot Kf Le/D (ft) Le
elbow 900 3 0.75 2.25 35 18.086
(Geankoplis, 2003 Tabel 2.10-1)
Sehingga, Σ L = L + Σ Le
= 72.1776 + 18.085527
= 90.263127 ft
= 1083.1685 in
ΔPf = 8f (ƩL/di) (ρv2/2) (Coulson, Pers. 5.3, 2005)

ΔPf = 8x 0.0048 x 524.04 x 185.4
ΔPf = 3730.8534 lbf/ft2
5. Menghitung Energi yang Hilang karena Gesekan
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0048 x 72.1776 x 2.9702195 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
= 1.103072 ft.lbf/lbm (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 2.10-6)
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 3 ( Kf )
D-282
hf = 3 ( Kf )
2 gc
2.9702195 2
= 3 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.3084782544 ft.lbf/lbm
Jadi, total energi yang hilang akibat gesekan:

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 1.103072 + 0.3084783
= 1.4115502 ft.lbf/lbm
6. Menghitung Static Head
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
ΔZ x (g/gc) = 20 ft x 1 lbf/lbm
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm
7. Menghitung Velocity Head

v1 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke pipa
v2 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke vaporizer
Karena pada 2 titik reference dianggap sama, maka v1 = v2
8. Menghitung Pressure Head
P1 = 16 atm = 235.2 psi

P2 = 16 atm = 235.2 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
D-283
= 235.2 - 235.2
= 0
9. Menghitung Energi Mekanik Pompa
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.9053339 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 1.4115502
2 x 1
= 21.8214 ft.lbf/lbm
- Ws
Wp = , dimana η = 60% (Coulson, 2005 fig 10.62)
η
21.8214 (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 3.3-1)
Wp =
0.6
= 36.368942 ft.lbf/lbm
10. Mengitung Broke Horse Power (BHP)
BHP = Wp x m (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 3.3-2)

550
m = 4,189.087 kg/jam
= 2.5653503946 lb/s
36.368941597 x 2.5653503946
BHP =
550
= 0.1696346885 hp
Menghitung Tenaga Motor

Berdasarkan Fig 12.18 Peters & Timmerhaus, Untuk BHP = 0.1696346885 hp
diperoleh efisiensi motor sebesar 80% , sehingga power motor:
BHP
Power Motor =
η
D-284
0.1696
=
80%
= 0.2120434 hp
Dipilih motor standar dengan power = 1 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K
Absolute Pressure = 16 = 235.2 psi
Densitas = 37.0799 lb/ft3
Menentukan tekanan uap jenuh komponen dapat dihitung dengan persamaan:
Log P = A + B/T + C logT + DT + ET2
(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)
Konstanta Tekanan Uap Jenuh

Komponen A B C D E Pisat
H2 O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 271.7003
(Yaws, 1999)
NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) available:

P Pf Pv (Coulson, Pers. 5.7, 2005)
NPSH available = + H - -
ρ ρ ρ
g
= 1 (dalam satuan cgs/ english)
gc
37.0799
SG =
62.4
= 0.5942290118
Mencari Tekanan Uap cairan

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
D-285
Tekanan Uap = 271.7 mmhg = 3.5750325 atm = 7565.1978 lbf/ft2
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
7565.1978 x 2.3
=
0.594229011812666
= 29281.564 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
33860 3731 29282
= + 40 - -
37.08 37.08 37.08
= 62.845334666 ft
NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) required:

Berdasarkan Coulson (2005) hal. 212
Untuk kecepatan alir < 100 m3/jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan= 3 m = 9.8424 ft
Untuk kecepatan alir > 100 m3/jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan= 6 m = 19.685 ft
Q = 7.0517123478033 m3/jam
Diperoleh NPSH available > NPSH required, maka pompa aman dari kavitasi.
D.12 Pompa 2
Kode : L-215
Fungsi : Memompakan HCl dari tangki penyimpanan ke Heater
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30 o
C = 303.15 K
D-286
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
HCl 0.44134 0.26957 0.3187 324.65
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
HCl -1.5150 1.95E+02 3.07E-03 -1.38E-05
H2 O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
HCl 2878.1493 36.50 0.32 766 245.24399 0.062 0.0198287
H2 O 6116.0672 18.02 0.680 1023 695.55518 0.815 0.5542234
Total 8994.2165 1 1789 940.79917 0.5740522
= 58.7315 lb/ft3
= 1.3892 lb/ft.h
= 3.86E-04 lb/ft.s
= 5.74E-04 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
D-287
Q =
densitas
8994.22 kg/jam
=
940.79917228 kg/m3
= 9.5601875044 m3/jam
= 0.0026556076 m3/detik = 0.0937819871 ft3/detik

Penentuan diameter optimum pipa ditentukan menggunakan per. 46 hal. 365
Peters & Timmerhaus dengan mengasumsikan aliran turbulen (Nre > 2100).
Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0026556 0.45 x 940.7992 0.13
Diopt = 0.0612823 m = 2.4126838 in

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) = 2.5 in (standarisasi)
Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.2057418 ft
= 0.0627101 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.0106224 m3/s
=
0.0123482 m2
= 0.8602395 m/s = 2.8222738 ft/s
D-288
𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
940.7992 x 0.0627101 x 0.8602395
=
5.74E-04
= 88410.204223 (Turbulen)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 88410.204 , dan = = 0.0007335
D 0.0627101
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.0055

= 3 m + 2 m + 5m + 10 m
= 20 m
= 65.616 ft
ID = 0.2057418 ft
= 2.469 in

Friction Loss
D-289
elbow 900 2 0.75 1.5 35 12.057
= 65.616 + 12.057018
= 77.673018 ft
= 932.08568 in

ΔPf = 8x 0.0055 x 377.53 x 29.366
ΔPf = 487.79978 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0055 x 65.616 x 2.8222738 2
=
0.2057 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 2 ( Kf )
2 gc
2.8222738 2
= 2 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.1856754504 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.8685067 + 0.1856755
D-290
= 1.0541822 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

v2 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke heater
P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.8602395 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 1.0541822
D-291
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 1.0541822
2 x 1
- Ws
η
21.4242
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 8,994.216 kg/jam
= 5.5079582433 lb/s
34.555142234 x 5.5079582433
BHP =
550
= 0.3460514191 hp

Berdasarkan Fig 12.18 Peters & Timmerthaus, Untuk BHP = 0.3460514191 hp
BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.3461
=
80%
= 0.4325643 hp
Menghitung NPSH
D-292
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K
Densitas = 58.7315 lbm/ft3

(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2 O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
58.7315
SG =
62.4
= 0.9412101865

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
0.941210186467146
D-293
= 1.9257073 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 487.8 1.9257
= + 40 - -
58.732 58.73 58.73
= 67.69372627 ft

Q = 9.5601875043912 m3/jam
D.13 Pompa 3
Kode : L-312
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Reaktor ke Crystallizer
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 75.00 oC = 348.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
D-294
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.78E-15
H2 O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.3E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 14624.18 53.50 0.8037 2172 1745.6624 16.328 13.122452
H2 O 3572.490 18.02 0.196 980 192.47357 0.3755 0.0737119
Total 18196.673 1 3152 1938.136 13.196164
= 120.9925 lb/ft3
= 31.934717 lb/ft.h
= 8.87E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.32E-02 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
18196.67 kg/jam
=
1938.1359918 kg/m3
= 9.3887491273 m3/jam
D-295
= 0.0026079859 m3/detik = 0.0921002386 ft3/detik

Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.002608 0.45 x 1938.136 0.13
Diopt = 0.0667735 m = 2.6288714 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.2556564 ft
= 0.0779241 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.0104319 m3/s
=
0.0190666 m2
= 0.5471321 m/s = 1.7950309 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1938.136 x 0.0779241 x 0.5471321
=
1.32E-02
= 6261.8177431 (Turbulen)
D-296
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 6261.8177 , dan = = 0.0005903
D 0.0779241
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.008

= 5 m + 5 m + 25 m + 5m
= 40 m
= 131.23 ft
ID = 0.2556564 ft
= 3.068 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 2 0.75 1.5 35 12.057
= 131.232 + 12.057018
= 143.28902 ft
= 1719.4857 in
D-297
ΔPf = 8x 0.0080 x 560.47 x 60.496
ΔPf = 2170.0247 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0080 x 131.232 x 1.7950309 2
=
0.2557 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 2 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.7950309 2
= 2 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.0751103998 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.8225112 + 0.0751104
= 0.8976216 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
D-298
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.5471321 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.8976216
2 x 1
- Ws
η
21.0473
Wp =
D-299
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 18,196.673 kg/jam
= 11.143440116 lb/s
33.947255359 x 11.143440116
BHP =
550
= 0.6877985586 hp

BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.6878
=
80%
= 0.8597482 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K
D-300
(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2 O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
120.9925
SG =
62.4
= 1.9389827202

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.9389827202493
= 0.9347661 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 2170 0.9348
= + 40 - -
121 120.99 120.99
D-301
= 39.547579842 ft

Q = 9.3887491272974 m3/jam
D.14 Pompa 4
Kode : L-411
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Centrifuge ke Diss.Tank
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
D-302
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2 O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 66.84 53.50 0.02 2172 43.442069 66.328 1.3265614
H2 O 3275.4011 18.02 0.980 980 960.76725 0.3755 0.3679466
Total 3342.246 1 3152 1004.2093 1.694508
= 62.6900 lb/ft3
= 4.1007094 lb/ft.h
= 1.14E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.69E-03 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
3342.25 kg/jam
=
1004.209323 kg/m3
= 3.3282363781 m3/jam
= 0.0009245101 m3/detik = 0.032648797 ft3/detik

D-303
Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13
Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0009245 0.45 x 1004.2093 0.13
Diopt = 0.0384418 m = 1.5134547 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.1722431 ft
= 0.0524997 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.003698 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2
= 0.4272955 m/s = 1.4018712 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1004.2093 x 0.0524997 x 0.4272955
=
1.69E-03
= 13294.310211 (Turbulen)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
D-304
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 13294.31 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.0075

= 12 m + 3 m + 7 m + 7 m + 7 m
= 36 m
= 118.11 ft
ID = 0.1722431 ft
= 2.067 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 3 0.75 2.25 35 18.086
= 118.1088 + 18.085527
= 136.19433 ft
= 1634.3485 in

ΔPf = 8x 0.0075 x 790.71 x 31.345
ΔPf = 1487.0889 lbf/ft2
D-305
Pada pipa lurus
4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0075 x 118.1088 x 1.4018712 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 3 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.4018712 2
= 3 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.068716923 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.628265 + 0.0687169
= 0.6969819 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm
D-306

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.4272955 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.6969819
2 x 1
- Ws
η
20.7883
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 3,342.246 kg/jam
= 2.0467543143 lb/s
D-307
33.529471976 x 2.0467543143
BHP =
550
= 0.1247756208 hp

BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.1248
=
80%
= 0.1559695 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K
(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2 O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)
D-308
ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
62.6900
SG =
62.4
= 1.0046480397

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.00464803966069
= 1.8041097 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 1487 1.8041
= + 40 - -
62.69 62.69 62.69
= 50.006804486 ft

Untuk kecepatan alir > 100 m /jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan=
3
6 m = 19.685 ft
Q = 3.3282363780803 m3/jam
D.15 Pompa 5
D-309
Kode : L-413
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Dissolving Tank ke Heater
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2 O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1562.500 53.50 0.3117 2172 676.97245 46.328 14.4389
H2 O 3450.8689 18.02 0.688 980 674.82461 0.3755 0.2584387
Total 5013.369 1 3152 1351.7971 14.6974
D-310
= 84.3890 lb/ft3
= 35.567611 lb/ft.h
= 9.88E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.47E-02 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
5013.37 kg/jam
=
1351.7970588 kg/m3
= 3.7086697795 m3/jam
= 0.001030186 m3/detik = 0.0363807113 ft3/detik

Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0010302 0.45 x 1351.7971 0.13
Diopt = 0.0419505 m = 1.6515913 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
D-311
= 0.1722431 ft
= 0.0524997 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.0041207 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2
= 0.4761375 m/s = 1.5621118 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1351.7971 x 0.0524997 x 0.4761375
=
1.47E-02
= 2299.1184741 (Turbulen)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 2299.1185 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.012
D-312
= 5 m + 2 m + 3m
= 10 m
= 32.808 ft
ID = 0.1722431 ft
= 2.067 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 1 0.75 0.75 35 6.0285
= 32.808 + 6.0285089
= 38.836509 ft
= 466.04284 in

ΔPf = 8x 0.0120 x 225.47 x 42.194
ΔPf = 913.32499 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0120 x 32.808 x 1.5621118 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
D-313
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 1 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.5621118 2
= 1 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.0284413662 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.3467116 + 0.0284414
= 0.3751529 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
D-314
P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.4761375 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.3751529
2 x 1
- Ws
η
20.4885
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 5,013.369 kg/jam
= 3.0701314103 lb/s
33.045978028 x 3.0701314103
BHP =
550
= 0.1844645366 hp

D-315
BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.1845
=
80%
= 0.2305807 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K

(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2 O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
84.3890
SG =
D-316
SG =
62.4
= 1.3523876288

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.35238762878333
= 1.3402188 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 913.32 1.3402
= + 40 - -
84.389 84.39 84.39
= 54.238288898 ft

Q = 3.7086697795492 m3/jam
D-317
D.16 Heater 1
Kode : E-216
Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur HCl untuk umpan reaktor
Tipe : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30 C
o
= 303.15 K
Tekanan = 1 atm = 14.696 psi
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
HCl 0.44134 0.26957 0.3187 324.65
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
HCl -1.515 194.6 0.0031 -1.376E-05
H2 O -10.2158 1792.5 0.0177 -1.263E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.19 Data Densitas Campuran Heater 1

Massa BM ρ µ
HCl 2878.1493 36.5 0.32 766.39 245.24399 0.062 0.0198
H2 O 6116.0672 18.02 0.68 1023 695.55518 0.815 0.5542
Total 8994.2165 1 1789 940.79917 0.5741
D-316
1. Kondisi operasi umpan
Laju alir massa = 8994.2165 kg/jam

Suhu masuk = 30 o
C = 303.15 K
Suhu keluar = 75 o
C = 348.15 K
Viskositas umpan = 0.5741 cP = 0.0006 kg/m.s
Densitas umpan = 940.7992 kg/m3
2. Kondisi operasi steam
Laju alir massa = 722.9893 kg/jam

Suhu masuk = 150 o
C = 423.15 K
Suhu keluar = 145 o
C = 418.15 K
Panas yang diserap = 683026.4793 kJ/jam = 647381.64588 Btu/jam
3. Penentuan Beda Suhu Sebenarnya (ΔT)

Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75
Suhu rendah 418.15 303.15 115
Diff. 5 45 40
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
Δt1
= 93.5795 K = 51.9886 o
F
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
= 0.1111 K = 0.3913 K
D-317
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 0.54
ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.54 x 93.5795 K
= 50.5329 K = 28.0739 o
F
T1 + T2 t1 + t2
Tc = tc =
2 2
= 420.65 K = 325.65 K
4. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Panas (A)
Tabel 8 Kern, 1965, koefisien transfer panas overall untuk jenis fluida dengan
viskositas = 0.5741 cp , maka UD = 50 sampai 100 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Asumsi UD = 75 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
A =
UD x ΔT
= 307.4660 ft2
= 28.5645 m2
= 44275.1056 in2
Karena A > 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
shell and tube (Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
5. Penentuan Spesifikasi Tube

Berdasarkan luas perpindahan panas maksimum dari perhitungan, maka
ditetapkan tube dengan spesifikasi berikut (Tabel 10, Kern, 1965, hal. 843).
Dimensi Tube:
OD = 1 in = 0.0254 m
BWG = 18
ID = 0.902 in = 0.0229 m
a" = 0.2618 ft = 0.0798 m
at' = 0.639 in2 = 0.0412 m2
A
Jumlah tube =
D-318
Jumlah tube =
L x a"
= 65.2462 buah
Berdasarkan Tabel 9 (Kern, 1965, hl. 842), diperoleh spesifikasi tube sbagai
berikut.
Nt = 65.2462 buah ≈ 66 buah
Pitch = 1 1/4 in triangular pitch
IDshell = 13.25 in = 0.3366 m
ODtube = 1 in = 0.0254 m
6. Penentuan Koreksi UD
A = Nt x L x a"
= 311.0184 ft2
Q
UD =
A x ΔT
= 74.1434 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Shell side : ID = 13.25

Baffle space = 2.65
Pass = 1
Tube side Pitch = 1 1/4
IDshell = 13.25
Nt = 66
OD = 1
Pass = 2
C' = 1/4
Fluida panas, steam - Shell side Fluida dingin, umpan - Tube side
1. Menghitung Flow Area, as 1. Menghitung Flow Area, at
ID x C' x B Nt x a't
as = at =
144 x Pt x n 144 x n
D-319
= 0.0488 ft2 = 0.1464 ft2
2. Menghitung Laju Alir Massa, Gs 2. Menghitung Laju Alir Massa, Gp
W = 722.98928 kg/jam W = 8994.2165 kg/jam

= 1593.9166 lb/jam = 19828.83 lb/jam
W W
Gs = Gp =
as as
= 32684.086 lb/jam.ft2 = 135408.14 lb/jam.ft2
3. Bilangan Reynold, Res 3. Bilangan Reynold, Ret
Tav = Tc tav = tc
= 420.65 K = 325.65 K
De = 0.0592 ft IDt = 0.0752 ft
μ = 0.1408 cP x 2.4191 μ = 0.5741 cP x 2.4191

= 0.3405 lb/jam.ft = 1.3886829 lb/jam.ft
De x Gs De x Gt
Res = Ret =
μ μ
= 5686.2073 = 7329.3013
jH = 35 (Kern, 1965, fig. 28) jH = 80 (Kern, 1965, fig. 24)
Tc = 420.65 K tc = 325.65 K
Cp = 0.4745 Btu/lbm.oF Cp = 89.4497 Btu/lbm.oF

k = 0.5026 Btu/jam.ft.oF k = 0.2408 Btu/jam.ft.oF
D-320
Cp x μ Cp x μ
( )1/3 = 0.6850 ( )1/3 = 8.0197
k k
k Cp x μ ID
ho = jH x ( )1/3 hio = jH x
De k OD
= 203.40247 Btu/jam.ft.oF = 72.16 Btu/jam.ft.oF
hio x ho
Uc =
hio + ho
= 53.2639 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
Ac =
Uc x ΔT
= 240.5211 ft2
= 22.3444 m2
4. Menghitung Dirt Factor

Uc - UD
Dirt Factor (Rd) =
Uc x UD
= -0.0053
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001
Rd hitung > Rd yang diperlukan
(memenuhi)
5. Menghitung Pressure Drop
Res = 5686.207 Ret = 7329.3013

f = 0.0001 f = 0.0001
N+1 = 12 x L/B s = 0.61
= 267.41941
s = 1
De = 0.059243
D-321
f x Gs2 x De x (N+1) 4 x f x Gs2 x L x n
ΔPs = ΔFp =
5.22 x 1010 De x s x φ 5.22 x 1010 De x s
= 0.1224 psi = 0.0700
ΔFp x ρ
ΔPp =
144
= 0.0285 psi
ΔPs yang diperbolehkan < 10 psi ΔPp yang diperbolehkan < 10 psi
D.17 Heater 2
Kode : E-213
Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur NH3 untuk umpan reaktor
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
D-322
Komponen A B C D
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH3 4189.09 17.03 1 599 598.69844 0.1279 0.1279
Total 4189.0871 1 599 598.69844 0.1278824

Suhu masuk = 26.96 o
C = 300.11 K
Suhu keluar = 75 o
C = 348.15 K
Viskositas umpan = 0.1279 cP = 0.3094 lb/ft.jam
Densitas umpan = 598.6984 kg/m3

Suhu masuk = 150 o
C = 423.15 K
Suhu keluar = 145 o
C = 418.15 K
D-323
Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75
Suhu rendah 418.15 300.11 118.04
Diff. 5 48.04 43.04
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
Δt1
= 94.8989 K = 52.7216 o
F
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
= 0.1041 K = 0.4070 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 1
ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.5 x 94.8989 K
= 47.4494 K = 26.3608 o
F
T1 + T2 t1 + t2
Tc = tc =
2 2
= 420.65 K = 324.13 K
= 233.6944 o
F = 180.0722 o
F
viskositas = 0.1279 cP , maka UD = 200 sampai 700 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
A =
UD x ΔT
= 7.8003 ft2
= 0.7247 m2
= 1123.2381 in2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
D-324
double pipe (Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
Layout DPHE (Tabel 6.2 Kern, 1965 hal 110)

Asumsi : digunakan hairpin dengan IPS pipa 4 x 3
Dengan menempatkan arus yang lebih besar ( FFA) dalam pipa. Sehingga dari
Tabel 11 Kern, 1965 hal 844 diperoleh :
Tabel D.84 Spesifikasi Double Pipe

Annulus : Pipe :
IPS = 4 in IPS = 3 in
Sch. No. = 40 Sch. No. = 40
OD = 4.5 in OD = 3.50 in
ID = 4.026 in ID = 3.068 in
Annulus : Hot fluid Inner pipe : Cold fluid

4. Menghitung Flow Area (a) 4. Menghitung Flow Area (a)
1 ft 1 ft
D2 = 4.500 in x D2 = 3.500 in x
12 in 12 in
= 0.3750 ft = 0.2917 ft
1 ft
D1 = 3.07 in x
1 ft 12 in
D1 = 4.03 in x
12 in = 0.2557 ft
= 0.3355 ft D = D2 - D1
= 0.2917 - 0.2557 = 0.036 ft
π (D2 - D1 )
2 2
aa =
4 π (D2)
ap =
3.14 ( 0.375 2
- 0.3355 ² ) 4
=
4 3.14 x ( 0.036 ² )
=
= 0.02205 ft2 4
= 0.0010 ft2
Equivalent Diameter (De)
Pers. 6.3, Kern, 1965, hal. 105
D-325
( D2 2 - D1 2 )
De =
D1
( 0.375 ² - 0.3355 ² )
=
0.3355
= 0.084 ft
5. Menghitung mass Velocity 5. Menghitung mass Velocity

w w
Ga = Gp =
aa ap
451.12 lb/jam 9235 lb/jam
= =
0.0221 ft2 0.001 ft2
= 20458.192 lb/jam.ft2 = 9069502.9 lb/jam.ft2
6. Reynold Number (Rea) 6. Reynold Number (Rep)

Tc = 420.7 ºF tc = 180.1 ºF
μsteam = 0.45 lb/ft.jam μcamp = 0.31 lb/ft.jam
De = 0.084 ft D = 0.04 ft
De x Ga D x Gp
Re,a = Re,p =
μ μ
0.084 x 20458.192 0.0360 x 9069502.9

= =
0.4490 0.3094
= 3811.5999 = 1055414.6
7. Menentukan Heat Transfer 7. Menentukan Heat Transfer

Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.838 Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.834
jH = 20 jH = 1000
8. Menghitung h 8. Menghitung h
Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 180.1 ºF
k = 0.7103 W/m.K k = 0.0135 W/m.K
k = 0.4107 Btu/jam.ft.ºF k = 0.0078 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.553) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.508)
D-326
Cp = 0.0578 J/mol.K Cp = 0.0143 J/mol.K
Cp = 0.0008 Btu/lb.ºF Cp = 0.0002 Btu/lb.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.79) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.80)
mencari nilai cp x μ mencari nilai cp x μ
a
( ) 1/3 a
( ) 1/3
k k
0.0008 x 0.4490 0.0002 x 0.3094
= a
( )1/3 = a
( )1/3
0.4107 0.0078
= 0.0943 = 0.1995
9. Menghitung ho 9. Menghitung hi
(Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114) (Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114)
k c.μ μ k c.μ μ
ho = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14 hi = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14
De k μw D k μw
ho = 16.0203 Btu/jam.ft.ºF hi = 41.0512 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
10. Menghitung hio

(Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.5, Hal.111)
ID
hio = hi x
OD
3.068
= 41.05122 x
3.50
= 35.9843 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
11. Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
hio x ho (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.7, Hal.106)
Uc =
hio + ho
35.9843 x 16.0203
=
35.9843 + 16.0203
= 11.0852 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
12. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

Dari Kern, 1965, tabel 12, Hal. 845 diperoleh:
Rd min organic vapor = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu
D-327
1 1 (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.10, Hal.112)
= + Rd
Ud Uc
1
= + 0.001
11.085
= 0.0912
Ud = 10.9636 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
13. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Dibutuhkan

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
A =
Ud x ∆t
41124.2374
=
10.9636 x 26.361
= 142.293 ft2
Berdasarkan kern, 1965, tabel 11 dengan nilai IPS : 4 in, didapatkan nilai :
a" = 1.178 ft2/ft
Panjang pipa : A
L =
a"
142.293 ft2
=
1.178 ft2/ft
= 120.7923 ft
Panjang hairpin = 12, 15, dan 20 ft

Diambil Lh = 20 ft
Hairpin terdiri dari 2 pipa (n = 2), maka jumlah hairpin yang diperlukan :
L
Hairpin =
2 x Lh
120.7923
=
2 x 20
= 3.0198 ≈ 3 buah
D-328
Koreksi panjang pipa : Lkoreksi = ( 2 x Lh ) x hairpin
= (2x 20 ft) x 3
= 120 ft linier
14. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Tersedia Sebenarnya

A = L x a"
= 120 ft x 1.178 ft2/ft
= 141.36 ft2
15. Menghitung Actual Design Overall Coefficient (UD aktual)

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
UDaktual =
A x ∆t
41124.2374
=
141.360 x 26.36
16. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)

Uc - Ud (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.13, Hal.108)
Rd =
Uc + Ud
11.0852 - 10.9636
=
11.0852 x 10.9636
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu

Rd hitung > Rd diperlukan (memenuhi)
Pressure Drop
17. Menghitung Nre dan friksi 17. Menghitung Nre pada pipa
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda dengan Untuk Re,p = 1055414.6
De. Utk dgn De untuk perpindahan panas. (Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
De' = ( D2 - D1 )
= 0.3750 - 0.3355 0.264
f = 0.0035 +
= 0.0395 ft (DG/μ)0,42
D-329
0.264
= 0.0035 +
De' x Ga 1E+06 0.42
Re,a' =
μ = 0.0043
0.0395 x 20458.192 ρ = 790.4970 kg/m3
=
0.4490 = 49.3491 lb/ft3
= 1799.8476
(Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)

0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
1800 0.42
= 0.0148
ρ = 788.9574 kg/m3
= 49.2530 lb/ft3
18. Menentukan ΔP pipa 18. Menentukan ΔP pipa
4 x f x Ga2 x L 4 x f x Gp2 x L
∆Fa = ∆Fp =
2 x g x ρ2 x De' 2xgxρxD
= 0.0372 ft = 23.1429 ft
Ga ∆Fp x ρ
Va = ∆Pp =
3600 x ρ 144
20458.1917 23.143 x 49.2530
= =
3600 x 49.253 144
= 0.1153803 fps = 7.9157 psi
V2 ∆Pp untuk fluida < 10 psi (memenuhi)

Ft = 1 x
2 x g'
2
0.1153803
= 1 x
2 x 32.2
= 0.0002 ft
Untuk kondensasi di annulus :
D-330
( ∆Fa + Ft ) x ρ
∆Pa =
144
0.03741 x 49.253
=
144
= 0.0128 psi
∆Pa untuk steam< 10 psi (memenuhi)
D.18 Heater 3
Kode : E-412
Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur Mother Liquor
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 41 C
o
= 314.15 K
Densitas : 1655.8766 kg/m 3

Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
D-331
H2 O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1562.50 53.50 0.3117 2515 783.90401 129.1 40.2373
H2 O 3450.87 18 0.688 1267 871.97262 0.6507 0.4479
Total 5013.369 1 3782 1655.8766 40.6852

Suhu masuk = 41 o
C = 314.15 K
Suhu keluar = 75 o
C = 348.15 K
Densitas umpan = 1655.8766 kg/m 3

Suhu masuk = 150 o
C = 423.15 K
Suhu keluar = 145 o
C = 418.15 K

Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75
Suhu rendah 418.15 314.15 104
Diff. 5 34 29
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD =
D-332
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
Δt1
= 88.711388452454 K = 49.2841 o
F
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
= 0.1471 K = 0.3269 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 0.98

ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.98 x 88.7114 K
= 86.9372 K = 48.2984 o
F
T1 + T2 t1 + t2
Tc = tc =
2 2
= 420.65 K = 331.15 K
= 233.6944 o
F = 183.9722 o
F
viskositas = 40.685 cP , maka UD = 100 sampai 500 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
A =
UD x ΔT
= 11.9838 ft2
= 1.1133 m2
= 1725.6736 in2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
double pipe (Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
D-333
Layout DPHE (Tabel 6.2 Kern, 1965, hal 110)
Asumsi : digunakan hairpin dengan IPS pipa 4 x 3
Dengan menempatkan arus yang lebih besar ( FFA) dalam pipa. Sehingga dari
Tabel 11 Kern, 1965 hal 844 diperoleh :
Tabel D.84 Spesifikasi Double Pipe

Annulus : Pipe :
IPS = 4 in IPS = 3 in
Sch. No. = 40 Sch. No. = 40
OD = 4.5 in OD = 3.50 in
ID = 4.026 in ID = 3.068 in
Annulus : Hot fluid Inner pipe : Cold fluid

4. Menghitung Flow Area (a) 4. Menghitung Flow Area (a)
1 ft 1 ft
D2 = 4.500 in x D2 = 3.500 in x
12 in 12 in
= 0.3750 ft = 0.2917 ft
1 ft
D1 = 3.07 in x
1 ft 12 in
D1 = 4.03 in x
12 in = 0.2557 ft
= 0.3355 ft D = D2 - D1
= 0.2917 - 0.2557 = 0.036 ft
π (D22 - D12)
aa =
4 π (D2)
ap =
3.14 ( 0.375 2
- 0.3355 ² ) 4
=
4 3.14 x ( 0.036 ² )
=
= 0.0221 ft2 4
Equivalent Diameter (De) = 0.0010 ft2
Pers. 6.3, Kern, 1965, hal. 105
( D2 2 - D1 2 )
De =
D1
D-334
( 0.375 ² - 0.3355 ² )
=
0.3355
= 0.084 ft
5. Menghitung mass Velocity 5. Menghitung mass Velocity
w w
Ga = Gp =
aa ap
634.92 lb/jam 11053 lb/jam
= =
0.0221 ft2 0.001 ft2
= 28793.454 lb/jam.ft2 = 10854098 lb/jam.ft2
6. Reynold Number (Rea) 6. Reynold Number (Rep)

Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 184 ºF
μsteam = 0.449 lb/ft.jam μcamp = 98.421 lb/ft.jam
De = 0.084 ft D = 0.036 ft
De x Ga D x Gp
Re,a = Re,p =
μ μ
0.084 x 28793.454 0.0360 x 10854098
= =
0.4490 98.4211
= 5364.5565 = 3970.1605
7. Menentukan Heat Transfer 7. Menentukan Heat Transfer

Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.838 Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.834
jH = 40 jH = 12
8. Menghitung h 8. Menghitung h
Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 184.0 ºF
k = 0.7103 W/m.K k = 0.0394 W/m.K
k = 0.4107 Btu/jam.ft.ºF k = 0.0228 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.553) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.502)
Cp = 0.0578 J/mol.K Cp = 67.2534 J/mol.K
Cp = 0.0008 Btu/lb.ºF Cp = 0.9438 Btu/lb.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.52) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.106)
D-335
mencari nilai cp x μ mencari nilai cp x μ
a
( ) 1/3 a
( ) 1/3
k k
0.0008 x 0.4490 0.9438 x 98.4211
= a
( )1/3 = a
( )1/3
0.4107 0.0228
= 0.0943 = 15.9763
9. Menghitung ho 9. Menghitung hi
(Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114) (Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114)
k c.μ μ k c.μ μ
ho = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14 hi = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14
De k μw D k μw
ho = 32.0407 Btu/jam.ft.ºF hi = 258.0072 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
10. Menghitung hio

(Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.5, Hal.111)
ID
hio = hi x
OD
3.068
= 258.0072 x
3.50
= 226.1617 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
11. Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)

hio x ho (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.7, Hal.106)
Uc =
hio + ho
226.1617 x 32.0407
=
226.1617 + 32.0407
12. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

Dari Kern,1965, tabel 12, Hal. 845 diperoleh:
Rd min organic vapor = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu
1 1 (Kern, 19565, Pers. 6.10, Hal.112)

= + Rd
Ud Uc
1
= + 0.001
D-336
= + 0.001
28.065
= 0.0366
Ud = 27.2986 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
13. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Dibutuhkan

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
A =
Ud x ∆t
57880.0795
=
27.2986 x 48.298
= 43.899 ft2
Berdasarkan kern, 1965, tabel 11 dengan nilai IPS : 4 in, didapatkan nilai :
a" = 1.178 ft2/ft
Panjang pipa : A
L =
a"
43.899 ft2
=
1.178 ft2/ft
= 37.2658 ft
Panjang hairpin = 12, 15, dan 20 ft

Diambil Lh = 20 ft
Hairpin terdiri dari 2 pipa (n = 2), maka jumlah hairpin yang diperlukan :
L
Hairpin =
2 x Lh
37.2658
=
2 x 20
= 0.9316459 ≈ 1 buah
Koreksi panjang pipa : Lkoreksi = ( 2 x Lh ) x hairpin

= (2x 20 ft) x 1
= 40 ft linier
D-337
14. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Tersedia Sebenarnya
A = L x a"
= 40 ft x 1.178 ft2/ft
= 47.12 ft2
15. Menghitung Actual Design Overall Coefficient (UD aktual)

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
UDaktual =
A x ∆t
57880.0795
=
47.120 x 48.30
16. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)

Uc - Ud (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.13, Hal.108)
Rd =
Uc + Ud
28.0647 - 27.2986
=
28.0647 x 27.2986
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu

Rd hitung > Rd diperlukan (memenuhi)
Pressure Drop
17. Menghitung Nre dan friksi 17. Menghitung Nre pada pipa
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda dengan Untuk Re,p = 3970.1605
De. Utk dgn De untuk perpindahan panas. (Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
De' = ( D2 - D1 )
= 0.3750 - 0.3355 0.264
f = 0.0035 +
= 0.0395 ft (DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
De' x Ga 3970 0.42
Re,a' =
μ = 0.0116
D-338
0.0395 x 28793.454 ρ = 790.4970 kg/m3
=
0.4490 = 49.3491 lb/ft3
= 2533.1579
(Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
2533 0.42
= 0.0133
ρ = 788.9574 kg/m3
= 49.2530 lb/ft3
18. Menentukan ΔP pipa 18. Menentukan ΔP pipa
4 x f x Ga2 x L 4 x f x Gp2 x L
∆Fa = ∆Fp =
2 x g x ρ2 x De' 2xgxρxD
= 0.0737 ft = 9.0083 ft
Ga ∆Fp x ρ
Va = ∆Pp =
3600 x ρ 144
28793.4542 9.0083 x 49.2530
= =
3600 x 49.253 144
= 0.1624 fps = 3.0812 psi
V2 ∆Pp untuk fluida < 10 psi (memenuhi)

Ft = 1 x
2 x g'
2
0.1623896
= 1 x
2 x 32.2
= 0.0004 ft
Untuk kondensasi di annulus :

( ∆Fa + Ft ) x ρ
∆Pa =
144
0.0741 x 49.253
=
144
D-339
= 0.0253 psi
∆Pa untuk steam< 10 psi (memenuhi)
D-340
D.19 Screw Conveyor Amonium Klorida
Kode : J-321
Fungsi : Mengangkut padatan NH4Cl dari crystallizer
Bentuk : Helicoid Screw Conveyor
Faktor Kelonggaran : 12% (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.22 Data Densitas Campuran Screw Conveyor NH4Cl

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 14624.183 53.50 273.349215 0.57962018 2209.39968993 1280.61265
H2O 3572.4896 18.02 198.251365 0.42037982 1012.70826206 425.722113
Total 18196.6726 471.60058 1 3222.10795198 1706.33477
Kapasitas Alat = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × Laju Alir Massa

= ( 1 + 12% ) × 18196.67260 kg/jam
= 20380.273314 kg/jam
= 20.3803 ton/jam
D-339
Laju Alir Volumetri Kapasitas Alat
=
Densitas
20380.273314 kg/jam
=
1706.33477 kg/m3
= 11.94388915 m3/jam
= 421.77907782 ft3/jam
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, maka spesifikasi screw conveyor yang dipilih yaitu
sebagai berikut :
1. Panjang Screw = 15 ft
2. Diameter Flights = 12 in
3. Diameter Shafts = 3 in
4. Diameter Pipa = 1.5 in
5. Kecepatan Screw = 60 rpm
6. Daya motor = 1.69 hp ≈ 2 hp (Perry, 2008)
D.20 Screw Conveyor Amonium Klorida
Kode : J-331
Fungsi : Mengangkut padatan NH4Cl dari centrifuge
Bentuk : Helicoid Screw Conveyor
Faktor Kelonggaran : 12% (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Jumlah : 1 unit
D-340
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.23 Data Densitas Campuran Screw Conveyor NH4Cl

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 14557.34 53.50 272.099778 0.94287118 2209.39968993 2083.17929
H2O 297.0885 18.02 16.4866 0.05712882 1012.70826206 57.8548308
Total 14854.4266 288.586378 1 3222.10795198 2141.03412

= ( 1 + 12% ) × 14854.42663 kg/jam
= 16636.957828 kg/jam
= 16.6370 ton/jam

=
Densitas
16636.957828 kg/jam
=
2141.03412 kg/m3
= 7.770524389 m3/jam
= 274.40346857 ft3/jam
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, maka spesifikasi screw conveyor yang dipilih yaitu
sebagai berikut :
1. Panjang Conveyor = 15 ft
2. Diameter Flights = 12 in
3. Diameter Shafts = 3 in
D-341
4. Diameter Pipa = 1.5 in
5. Kecepatan Screw = 60 rpm
6. Power = 1.69 hp ≈ 1 hp (Perry, 2008)
D.21 Belt Conveyor Amonium Klorida
Kode : J-361
Fungsi : Mengangkut padatan NH4Cl menuju storage
Bentuk : Throughed Belt On 20⁰ Idlers
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.24 Data Densitas Campuran Belt Conveyor NH4Cl

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 12563.13 53.50 234.824884 0.9853001 2120.98594511 2089.80766
H2O 63.13131 18.02 3.5034025 0.0146999 935.100366446 13.7458839
Total 12626.2626 238.328287 1 3056.08631155 2103.55354

= ( 1 + 20% ) × 12626.26261 kg/jam
D-342
= 15151.515136 kg/jam
= 15.1515 ton/jam

=
Densitas
15151.515136 kg/jam
=
2103.55354 kg/m3
= 7.2028188611 m3/jam
= 254.35586841 ft3/jam
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, maka spesifikasi belt conveyor yang dipilih yaitu
sebagai berikut :
1. Lebar Belt = 14 in
2. Cross Sectional Area of Load = 0.11 ft2
3. Kecepatan Belt = 200 ft/menit
4. Belt Plies = 3
5. Max. Lump Sizes = 2 in
6. Power = 2 hp (Perry, 2008)
D.22 Bucket Elevator Amonium Klorida
Kode : J-362
Fungsi : Mengangkut padatan NH4Cl menuju storage
Bentuk : Continuous Bucket Elevator
D-343
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.25 Data Densitas Campuran Bucket Elevator NH4Cl

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 12563.13 53.50 234.824884 0.9853001 2120.98594511 2089.80766
H2O 63.13131 18.02 3.5034025 0.0146999 935.100366446 13.7458839
Total 12626.2626 238.328287 1 3056.08631155 2103.55354

= ( 1 + 20% ) × 12626.26261 kg/jam
= 15151.515136 kg/jam
= 15.1515 ton/jam

=
Densitas
15151.515136 kg/jam
=
2103.55354 kg/m3
= 7.2028188611 m3/jam
= 254.35586841 ft3/jam
Berdasarkan perhitungan di atas, maka spesifikasi belt conveyor yang dipilih yaitu
sebagai berikut :
D-344
1. Ukuran Bucket = 8×5×5 1/2 in
2. Tinggi Elevator = 25 ft
3. Kapasitas = 27 ton/jam
4. Bucket Spacing = 14 in
5. Putaran Poros = 43 rpm
6. Power Poros = 1.6 hp
7. Rasio Daya/Tinggi = 0.04 hp/ft (Perry, 2008)
Power yang digunakan

P = ( tinggi elevator x rasio daya/tingg) + power poros (Perry, 2008)
= ( 25 ft x 0.04 hp/ft ) + 1.6 hp
= 2.6 hp
Berdasarkan perhitungan power diatas, maka didapatkan efisiensi motor sebesar

84%
(Timmerhaus, 2004 fig. 12-18 hal 516)
Power Motor = 2.6 hp / 84%

= 3.0952381 hp ≈ 4 hp
D-345
D.23 Blower 1
Kode : G-214
Fungsi : Mengalirkan NH3 menuju reaktor
Tipe : Centrifugal multiblade backward curved blower
b. Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 406.79 inH20
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.2369 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C
NH3 -7.8740 3.670E-01 -4.47E-06
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.26 Data Densitas Blower 1

Massa BM ρ µ
NH3 4189.0871 17.03 1.00 516 515.765731 119.355248 119.355248
1. Menghitung laju alir volumetrik gas (Q)
laju alir
Q =
D-346
Q =
densitas
4189.09 kg/jam
=
515.76573136 kg/m3
= 8.1221 m3/jam
= 4.7805 ft3/menit
2. Menentukan daya blower
P = 1.57 x 10-4 x Q x Poperasi (Perry's, 2008 pers. 10-84)
dimana,
Q = laju alir volumetrik gas
= Poperasi NH3
sehingga,
P = 1.57 x 10-4 x 4.7805 x 406.79
= 0.3053 Hp
Pteoritis
Paktual =
efisiensi
dengan efisiensi blower= 40% - 80% (Perry's, 2008 hal 10-51)

maka diambil efisiensi 80%
0.3053
=
80%
= 0.3816 Hp ≈ 2 Hp
D-347
D.24 Blower 2
Kode : G-341
Fungsi : Mengalirkan NH4Cl menuju cyclone 1
b. Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 406.79 inH20
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C
NH4Cl -4.3440 6.970E-02 -7.58E-06
H2O -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.27 Data Densitas Campuran Blower 2

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1994.21 53.50 0.895 2121 1898.28244 21.8869377 19.5888094
D-348
H2O 233.95720 18.02 0.105 935 98.1855314 129.331366 13.5797924
Total 2228.1640 1 3056 1996.46797 33.1686019
laju alir
Q =
densitas
2228.16 kg/jam
=
1996.4679683 kg/m3
= 1.1161 m3/jam
= 0.6568846 ft3/menit
dimana,
= Poperasi NH3
sehingga,
P = 1.57 x 10-4 x 0.6569 x 406.79
= 0.0420 Hp
Pteoritis
Paktual =
efisiensi

D-349
0.0420
=
80%
= 0.0524 Hp ≈ 1 Hp
D.25 Blower 3
Kode : G-351
Fungsi : Mengalirkan NH4Cl menuju cyclone 2
b. Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 406.79 inH20
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C
NH4Cl -4.3440 6.970E-02 -7.58E-06
H2O -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.28 Data Densitas Campuran Blower 3

Massa BM ρ µ
D-350
NH4Cl 997.10339 53.50 0.895 2121 1898.28244 21.8869377 19.5888094
H2O 116.97860 18.02 0.105 935 98.1855313 129.331366 13.5797924
Total 1114.0820 1 3056 1996.46797 33.1686019
laju alir
Q =
densitas
1114.08 kg/jam
=
1996.4679684 kg/m3
= 0.5580 m3/jam
= 0.3284 ft3/menit
dimana,
= Poperasi NH3
sehingga,
P = 1.57 x 10-4 x 0.3284 x 406.79
= 0.0210 Hp
Pteoritis
Paktual =
efisiensi
D-351
0.0210
=
80%
= 0.0262 Hp ≈ 1 Hp
D-352

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LAMPIRAN D

D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Tangki dirancang dengan waktu tinggal (τ), τ = 7 hari

Diameter (Di) dan Tinggi Tangki (HT)

0.00 ft3 = 0.0000 Di3

Volume liquid menempati 80% volume tangki, sehingga:

2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Asumsi: Ls/D = 1.5 ID

Perhitungan Tinggi Liquid

VL = V. liquid dalam silinder

Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana

PTotal = Phidrostatik + POperasi

Faktor keamanan 20%

Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

Tinggi silinder standar

Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID stan = 204 in

Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi

1 r (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.76)

standar flange = 1 1/2 - 3

Total Tinggi Tangki = H + hb

D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen Oksida

Laju Alir Massa : 7651.4432 kg/jam

Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Etilena Oksida

A. Menentukan Tipe Tangki

B. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

m × kebutuhan perancangan × waktu dalam satu hari

7651.4432 kg/jam × 14 hari× 24 jam/hari

VT = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × Volume Larutan

2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Di3 = 78542.982 ft3

Tebal tutup tangki = 3/16 (standarisasi)

Tekanan hidrostatik (P) = ρ × g × l

P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × ( P + Pref )

Tebal silinder tiap course

Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID stan = 204 in

Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi

PxrxW (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.77)

1 r (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.76)

standar flange = 1 1/2 - 3

Total Tinggi Tangki = H + hb

D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida

Tabel D.3 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida

Massa Amonium Klorid = 12626.2626 kg/jam × 24 jam × 1 hari

1. Menentukan Volume Padatan dan Volume Tangki

Volume padatan (Vp) = 303030.30271 kg/hari

Volume tangki (Vt) = ( 1+ 0.2 ) × 137.5144 m3

VT = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × Volume Larutan

2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Volume tutup tangki (Vh)

Volume tangki (Vt)

3. Penentuan Tebal Shell

Volume Padatan = 137.5144 m3

Tekanan hidrostatik (P) = ρ × g × l

P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × ( P + Pref )

Direncanakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C

Tebal shell tangki

Tebal standar yang digunak = 1/2 in

Di std = Do std - 2ts

Tebal tutup tangki

Tebal standar yang digunak = 7/8 in (standarisasi) (Brownell, 1959)

Staright-flange dan tinggi tutup

Tinggi total tangki :