NAMA :……………………………..
NIM :……………………………..
KELOMPOK :……………………………..
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah melimpahkan
taufik, rahmat serta hidayah-Nya sehingga tim penyusun dapat menyelesaikan Buku
Panduan Pengalaman Belajar Praktika (PBP) Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa.
Buku panduan ini berisi daftar kompetensi yang harus dikerjakan dan dicapai
oleh peserta praktika disertai lembar penilaian pada masing – masing kompetensi.
Pada kesempatan ini tidak lupa kami berterima kasih kepada semua pihak yang
telah membantu atas terlaksananya Pengalaman Belajar Praktika Keperawatan
Kesehatan Jiwa, dan harapan kami semoga buku panduan ini dapat memfasilitasi
mahasiswa beserta pembimbing dalam kegiatan praktika ini.
Penyusun
DAFTAR ISI
Cover……………………………………………………………………..1
Kata Pengantar……………………………………………………………2
Daftar isi………………………………………………………………….3
BAB I : Pendahuluan dan Kompetensi…………………………………..4
Deskripsi Pengalaman Belajar Praktika
Tujuan Pengalaman Belajar Praktika
Tujuan Instruksional Umum
Tujuan Instruksional Khusus
BAB II : Pelaksanaan Praktika ………………………………………….6
BAB III :Tata tertib ……………………………………………………..11
Lampiran
PANDUAN PEMBELAJARAN
PRAKTIK KLINIK KEPERAWATAN JIWA
I. LATAR BELAKANG
Keperawatan adalah satu bentuk pelayanan yang professional yang merupakan
bagian integral dari pelayanan kesehatan didasarkan pada ilmu dan kiat keperawatan,
berbentuk pelayanan biopsikososial dan spiritual.
Praktik keperawatan digunakan yang bersifat humanistic dan berorientasi pada
kepentingan klien adalah penerapan dari ilmu pengetahuan, prinsip dan kiat
keperawatan.
Praktik klinik keperawatan di Rumah Sakit merupakan proses sosialisasi
keprofesian, sehingga mampu menyumbangkan kemampuan bagi perkembangan
kebutuhan profesionalisme.
III. TUJUAN
A. UMUM
Setelah melaksanakan praktik klinik keperawatan diharapkan peserta didik mampu
menerapkan proses keperawatan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pada masalah mental
psikiatri.
B. KHUSUS
Peserta didik diharapkan mampu :
1. Melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan pada klien gangguan jiwa dengan
pendekatan proses keperawatan dan tekhnik komunikasi teraupeutik
2. Melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan pada keluarga yang salah satu anggotanya
mengalami gangguan jiwa
3. Berperan serta dalam penanganan kedaruratan psikiatri
4. Melaksanakan / memberikan berbagai alternative terapi modalitas dalam
keperawatan jiwa sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan
5. Mampu melaksanakan pendidikan kesehatan/ penyuluhan kesehatan pada
keluarga yang salah satu anggota keluarganya mengalami gangguan jiwa,
IV. KOMPETENSI
Adapun kompetensi klinik yang harus dicapai mahasiswa adalah:
1. Komunikasi terapeutik :
a. Menjalin hubungan interpersonal sesuai tugas – tugas pada tahapan hubungan
perawat dan klien
b. Menerapkan tehnik komunikasi terapeutik
c. Mengamati reaksi verbal dan non verbal
d. Menyusun analisa proses interaksi
e. Kegawat daruratan psikiatris
2. Proses keperawatan :
a. Anak remaja
b. Dewasa
c. Usila
d. Masyarakat
3. Pelaksanaan terapi modalitas keperawatan
a. somatoterapi
b. psikofarmaka
4. Psikoterapi suportif
a. katarsis
b. sugesti
c. bimbingan penyuluhan
d. terapi okupasi
e. terapi aktivitas kelompok
5. Manipulasi lingkungan
a. Keluarga
b. Mayarakat
V. METODE BELAJAR
1. Untuk kelas regular dan kelas khusus, setiap mahasiswa dalam dua minggu
diharapkan mendapatkan satu klien dengan masalah mental yang spesifik untuk
dibuat asuhan keperawatan
2. Membuat laporan pelaksanaan terapi modalitas di ruangannya masing- masing.
3. Mengikuti semua kegiatan di ruangan yang telah dijadualkan untuk menambah
pengetahuan dan pengalaman.
VIII. PESERTA
Peserta Pengalaman Belajar Praktika Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa sejumlah 117
mahasiswa
IX. BIMBINGAN
A. Metode bimbingan
1. Preconference LP dihari pertama praktik
2. Preconference dan postconferencesetiap hari
3. Strategi pelaksanaan (SP) komunikasi setiap hari
4. Semua tugas ditulis tangan dan dikumpulkan pada akhir praktek profesi
keperawatan jiwa kepada kedua pembimbing klinik lahan dan pembimbing klinik
dari institusi
B. Pembimbing klinik
1. Mahasiswa dibimbing secara komprehensi dan kerjasama antara pembimbing
klinik lahan dan pembimbing klinik dari institusi
2. Pembimbing klinik adalah pembimbing dari RS dan institusi yang memenuhi
kualifikasi Clinical instruktur (CI)
X. EVALUASI
1. Penilaian diambil dari pembimbing ruangan dan pembimbing institusi pendidikan
dengan bobot yang sama
2. Komponen yang dinilai adalah :
a. Peran serta pada pre/post conference 10%
b. Laporan Pendahuluan 20%
c. Proses keperawatan 30%
d. Terapi Aktifitas Kelompok 15%
e. Penampilan di klinik 5%
f. Responsi 20%
TATA TERTIB MAHASISWA
PRAKTEK KLINIK KEPERAWATAN KESEHATAN JIWA
B. Pelanggaran sedang
1. Membuat pernyataan yang diketahui pimpinan institusi
2. Penugasan dan sangsi dari institusi
C. Pelanggaran berat
1. Membuat surat pernyataan diketahui orang tua, pimpinan institusi dan pihak
rumah sakit
2. Mahasiswa dinyatakan tidak lulus praktik
Lampiran 1
LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN
1. Pengertian.
2. Rentang Respon
3. Penyebab
5. Akibat
TUM:
TUK:
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Lampiran 2
PENGKAJIAN KEPERAWATAN
KESEHATAN JIWA
I. IDENTITAS KLIEN
a. Data Primer
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
b. Data Sekunder
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
c. Keluhan Utama Saat Pengkajian
.....................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
Tidak
2. Faktor Penyebab/Pendukung :
a. Riwayat Trauma
Jelaskan:
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :......................................................................................................................
Jikaada jelaskan :
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :.............................................................................................................
d. Pernah mengalami penyakit fisik (termasuk gangguan tumbuh kembang)
Ya
Tidak
Jikaya Jelaskan
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :.............................................................................................................
e. Riwayat Penggunaan NAPZA
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :......................................................................................................................
Jelaskan:
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :.............................................................................................................
4. Riwayat Penyakit Keluarga
Tidak
Jika ada:
Hubungan keluarga:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Gejala:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Riwayat pengobatan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:......................................................................................................................
1. Genogram:
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :...........................................................................................................................
2. KonsepDiri
a. Citra tubuh:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
b. Identitas:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
c. Peran:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
d. Ideal diri:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
e. Harga diri:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :
3. Hubungan Sosial
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
b. Peranserta dalam kegiatan kelompok/masyarakat dan hubungan sosial
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
c. Hambatan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :...........................................................................................................................
4. Spiritual
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
b. Kegiatan ibadah
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
1. Keadaan umum
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
2. Kesadaran (Kuantitas)
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
3. Tanda vital:
TD : ……. mm/Hg
N :…….. x/menit
S : …….. CO
P : …….. x/menit
4. Ukur:
BB : ……. Kg
TB : ……. Cm
5. Keluhan fisik:
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan :...........................................................................................................................
V. STATUS MENTAL
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
3. Aktifitasmotorik/Psikomotor
Kelambatan :
Hipokinesia, hipoaktifitas
Katalepsi
Fleksibilitasserea
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Peningkatan :
Hiperkinesia, hiperaktifitas Grimace
Stereotipi Otomatisma
Katapleksi Tremor
Tik Verbigerasi
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
4. Mood dan Afek
a. Mood
Depresi Khawatir
Ketakutan Anhedonia
Euforia Kesepian
Lain lain
Jelaskan
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
b. Afek
Tumpul/dangkal/datar Labil
Jelaskan:
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan.............................................................................................................................
6. Persepsi Sensorik
a. Halusinasi
Pendengaran
Penglihatan
Perabaan
Pengecapan
Penciuman
b. Ilusi
Ada
Tidak ada
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan.............................................................................................................................
7. Proses Pikir
a. Arus Pikir:
Koheren Inkoheren
Blocking Perseverasi
Logorhoe Neologisme
Jelaskan:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
b. Isi Pikir
Ekstasi Waham:
Fantasi o Agama
Alienasi o Somatik/hipokondria
Jelaskan:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
c. Bentuk pikir :
Realistik
Non realistik
Dereistik
Otistik
Jelaskan:
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
8. Kesadaran
Jelaskan:
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Meninggi
Menurun:
Kesadaran berubah
Hipnosa
Confusion
Sedasi
Stupor
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
9. Memori
Jelaskan:
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
a. Konsentrasi
Mudah beralih
Jelaskan:
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
b. Berhitung
Jelaskan:
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
11. Kemampuan Penilaian
Gangguan ringan
Gangguan bermakna
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
12. DayaTilikDiri
Jelaskan:
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
Perawatan kesehatan,
transportasi,
tempat tinggal.
Keuangan dan kebutuhan lainnya.
Jelaskan:
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................
2. Kegiatan Hidup Sehari hari
a. Perawatan diri
1) Mandi
Jelaskan :
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2) Gangguan tidur
Insomnia
Hipersomnia
Parasomnia
Lain lain
Jelaskan
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Mengatur penggunaan obat dan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatannya
sendiri.
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:.........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
4. Sistem Pendukung Ya Tidak
Keluarga
Terapis
Teman sejawat
Kelompok sosial
Jelaskan :
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
Jelaskan :
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:............................................................................................................................
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah berhubungan dengan lingkungan, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah dengan pendidikan, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah dengan pekerjaan, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah dengan perumahan, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah dengan ekonomi, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah dengan pelayanan kesehatan, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
Masalah lainnya, spesifiknya
Jelaskan :
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................
DiagnosaKeperawatan:
Apakah klien mempunyai masalah yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan yang kurang
tentang suatu hal?
Bagaimana pengetahuan klien/keluarga saat ini tentang penyakit/gangguan jiwa,
perawatan dan penatalaksanaanya faktor yang memperberat masalah (presipitasi),
obat-obatan atau lainnya. Apakah perlu diberikan tambahan pengetahuan yang
berkaitan dengan spesifiknya masalah tsb.
Penyakit/gangguan jiwa Penatalaksanaan
Faktor presipitasi
Jelaskan :
..............................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Diagnosa Keperawatan:
X. ASPEK MEDIS
1. Diagnosis Medis :
.....................................................................................................................................................................
3. Terapi Medis
.....................................................................................................................................................................
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XI. ANALISA DATA
DIAGNOSA
NO DATA
KEPERAWATAN
1. DS:
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
DO:
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2. DS:
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
DO:
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3. DS:
............................................................................................................................................................................
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DO:
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4. DS:
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
DO:
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dst DS:
............................................................................................................................................................................
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DO:
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XII. DAFTAR DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN
1. ………………………………………
2. ………………………………………
3. ………………………………………
4. ………………………………………
5. ………………………………………
6. ………………………………………
7. ………………………………………
8.dst
1. ……………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………
4. .………………………………………………
Lawang, ……………………….
Mahasiswa yang mengkaji
____________________
NIM................................
RENCANA TINDAKAN KEPERAWATAN
TUM:
TUK:
Kriteria Evaluasi:
1
Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
Lampiran 3
Hari:……..Tanggal:…………
Interaksi ke:………………..
A. PROSES KEPERAWATAN
1. Kondisi Klien:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Diagnosa Keperawatan:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3. Tujuan Khusus:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
4. Tindakan Keperawatan:
SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN BHAKTI HUSADA MULIA MADIUN
3
Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
a. ORIENTASI
1. Salam Terapeutik:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Evaluasi/ Validasi:
..........................................................................................................................................
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c. TERMINASI:
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. Tindak lanjut klien (apa yang perlu dilatih klien sesuai dengan hasil
tindakan yang telah dilakukan):
..........................................................................................................................................
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Lampiran 4
Analisis Analisis
Komunikasi Komunikasi
Berpusat Pada Berpusat Pada Rasional
Verbal Non Verbal
Perawat Klien
P: P:
K: K:
P: P:
K: K:
P: P:
K: K:
P: P:
K: K:
P: P:
K: K:
P: P:
K: K:
Lampiran 5
Model format ini lebih banyak mengacu pada Model Stress Adaptasi asuhan
keperawatan kesehatan jiwa yang dikembangkan oleh Gail Stuart tahun 2014.
Model yang yang utuh ini mengintegrasikan landasan teoritis, komponen
biologis, psikologis dan sosial budaya, respon koping dan keperawatan yang
dilandasi pengobatan klien yaitu peningkatan kesehatan, pemeliharaan, akut
dan kritis dalam asuhan keperawatan kesehatan jiwa.Hal ini berbeda dengan
Model Medik Psikiatrik bahwa gangguan kesehatan jiwa diklasifikasikan dalam
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Edisi IV (DSM-IV) atau di
Indonesia dikenal dengan sebutan Pedoman Penggolongan Diagnosa Gangguan
Jiwa (PPDGJ).Menurut model ini diagnosa medik yang lengkap terdiri atas 5
aksis (Aksis I s/d Aksis V).
Sebelum kita melakukan pengkajian, perawat yang merawat klien
melakukan perkenalan dan kontrak dengan klien tentang nama / panggilan
perawat dan termasuk nama / panggilan klien, tujuan, waktu, tempat dan topik
pembicaraan pada pertemuan / kontrak tersebut. Tuliskan
NamaRuangPerawatan pada saat ini dan Tanggal klien dirawat / MRS. Setiap
melakukan pengkajian, data seluruh pengkajian dituliskan secara singkat / jelas
bila memerlukan uraian dan berikan tanda " " pada kotak () bila disediakan
pilihan sesuai keadaan klien.Data didapatkan melalui wawancara (auto / allo-
anamnesa), pemerikasaan fisik (observasi, auskultasi, palpasi dan perkusi) dan
hasil pengukuran. Data berasal dari klien, keluarga, tenaga kesehatan, catatan
lain dan data sekunder lainnya, data bisa obyektif maupun subyektif. Pengkajian
fisik difokuskan pada sistem dan fungsi organ tubuh.
I. IDENTITAS KLIEN
Penjelasan
1. Tanyakan riwayat timbulnya gejala gangguan jiwa saat ini
a. Trauma
Upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh keluarga (medis atau non medis)
Tuliskan diagnosa keperawatan tersebut sesuai dengan data
4. Riwayat Penyakit Keluarga
Apakah ada anggota keluarga lain yang mengalami ganguan jiwa ? Bila ada,
bagaimana hubungan keluarga dengan klien, bagaimana gejala yang terjadi
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Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
Pengkajian pada aspek psikososial dapat dilakukan pada genogram, konsep diri,
hubungan sosial dan aspek spiritual yang akan diuraikan secara singkat di
bawah ini.
1. Genogram
45
: Perempuan
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Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
: Cerai : Konflik
: Klien : Proyeksi
2. Konsep Diri
b. Identitas diri (self identity), bagaimana menilai status dan posisi klien
sebelum dirawat, kepuasan klien terhadap status / posisi tersebut
(sekolah, pekerjaan, kelompok, keluarga, lingkungan masyarakat
sekitarnya), kepuasan klien sebagai laki-laki atau perempuan
(gender).
c. Peran (self role), apa yang harus dilakukan pasien sesuai dengan
posisi dan statunya serta bagaimana kemampuan klien dalam
melaksanakan tugas / peran tersebut (keluarga, kelompok dan
masyarakat).
4. Spiritual
3. Apakah ada keluhan-keluhan fisik yang dirasakan klien, bila ada (ya) kaji
labih lanjut tentang sistem dan fungsi organ sesuai dengan keluhan yang
dirasakan klien
Kancing baju tidak tepat, resleting tidak dikunci, baju terbalik, baju tidak
diganti beberapa hari. Penggunaan pakaian yang tidak sesuai, seperi
pakaian dalam dipakai diluar baju, cara berpakaian tidak seperti biasanya
terutama penggunaan pakaian yang tidak tepat sesuai waktu, tempat,
identitas atau situasi kondisinya tidak sesuai.
c. kebersihan
Roman muka (saat itu apakah ia marah, curiga, benci, pandangan kosong,
cemas, gembira
g. Kontak mata
2. Pembicaraan
b. Volume(keras/lembut),
Aktivitas motorik berkenaan dengan gerakan fisik perlu dicatat dalam hal
tingkat aktivitas (letargik, tegang, gelisah, agitasi), jenis (tik, seringai, tremor)
dan isyarat tubuh/mannerismeyang tidak wajar.Jelaskan psikomotor /
aktivitas motorik yaitu gerakan badan/anggota badan yang dipengaruhi oleh
keadaan jiwanya, efek bersama yang mengenai badan dan jiwa (biasanya
disebut konasi atau perilaku motorik) yang ditampilkan klien seperti lesu,
tegang, gelisah, agitasi, tik, grimace, tremor, kompulsif atau lainnya.
Gangguan psikomotor, dapat berupa kelambanan atau peningkatan aktivitas
atau gangguan lainnya sebagaimana tersebut dibawah ini
a. Kelambatan Aktivitas terjadi dimana secara umum gerakan dan reaksi
motorik terhadap suatu rangsangan menjadi lambat, kelambatan
aktivitas antara lain
f. Stereotipi yaitu gerakan salah satu anggota badan yang berulang-ulang dan
tidak bertujuan.
h. Ekhopraxia yaitu meniru gerakan orang lain pada saat dilihatnya secara
langsung.
1). Mood
a. Depresiyaitu keadaan psikologis (dengan manifestasi rasa sedih,
susah, rasatak berguna, gagal, kehilangan, rasa berdosa, putus asa,
penyesalan tak ada harapan) yang patologis dan diwujudkan dengan
komponen fisiologisnya/ somatik seperti anoreksia, konstipasi, kulit
lembab/dingin, tensi dan nadi menurun. Selain itu juga ada
penurunan semangat bekerja, bergaul dan nafsu seksualnya.
2).Afek
Adapun Jenis afek sbb:
a. Kedangkakalan/tumpul/datar adalah kemiskinan afek/emosi secara
umum atau kuantitas, tidak ada perubahan dalam roman muka pada
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Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
6. Persepsi-Sensorik
Lain-lain
7. Proses Pikir
pikiran dan ide sehingga tak jelas maknanya, mengambang dan tidak
terfokus.
b. Isi Pikir :
k) Magic thinking (Pikiran magic) yaitu isi pikiran yang terwujud dengan
keyakinan klien tentang dirinya yang mampu melakukan hal-hal yang
mustahil dilakukan secara umum atau diluar kemampuannya. Seperti
saya bisa terbang kelangit tujuh, bisa mengangkat beras 3 ton.
l) Social Isolation(Pikiran isolasi sosial) yaitu isi pikiran yang berupa rasa
terisolasi, tersekat, terkucil, terpencil dari lingkungan
sekitarnya/masyarakat, merasa di tolak, tidak disukai orang lain, dan
tidak enak berkumpul dengan orang lain sehingga sering menyendiri.
o) Suicidal thought / ideation / pikiran bunuh diri yaitu isi pikiran yang
dimulai dengan memikirkan usaha bunuh diri sampai terus-menerus
berusaha untuk dapat bunuh diri.
p) Alienasi / rasa terasinq yaitu pikiran / rasa dirinya sudah menjadi lain,
berbeda, asing dan aneh.
s) Hiposeksual yaitu pikiran yang merasa dingin dalam hal seksual, acuh,
tidak memperhatikan, tidak bangkit gairahnya terhadap hal-hal yang
berkaitan dengan seksual,
v) Perasaan curiga yaitu pikiran yang berupa tidak percaya / curiga pada
orang lain.
c. Bentuk :
Dereistik
Yaitu bentuk pemikiran tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan yang ada atau
tidak mengikuti logika secara umum (tak ada sangkut pautnya antara
proses mental individu dan pengalaman yang sedang terjadi).
Otistik (autisme)
8. Tingkat Kesadaran
sbb:
a. Kesadaran meninggi;
Bagaimana daya ingat klien atau kemampuan mengingat hal-hal yang telah
terjadi (jangka panjang/pendek/sesaat)dan apakah ada gangguan pada daya
ingat. Gangguan ini dapat terjadi pada salah satu diantara komponen daya
ingat yaitu pencatatan/registrasi, penahanan/retensi atau memanggil
kembali/recall sesuatu yang terjadi sebelumnya.
Area daya ingat / gangguan daya ingat yang harus dikaji sbb:
a. Dayaingat jangka panjang(memori masa lalu, mengingat kejadian,
informasi dan orang dari masa lalu yang sangat lama/lebih dari 1 (satu)
bulan, seperti waktu kecil, tempat dilahirkan/sekolah/tanggal lulus
sekolah dll.
b. Daya ingat jangka menengah (memori yang baru, dari waktu dapat
mengingat kejadian yang terjadi dalam 1 (satu) minggu terakhir sampai
24 jam terakhir).
c. Daya ingat jangka pendek (memori yang sangat baru, tidak dapat
mengingat kejadian yang baru saja terjadi kurun waktu 10 detik sampai
15 menit)
b. Berhitung
Khusus data-data ini harus dikaji untuk mengetahui masalah yang mungkin akan
terjadi/akan dihadapi klien, keluarganya atau masyarakat sekitarnya pada saat
klien pulang atau setelah klien pulang dari rumah sakit dan klien berada
dirumahnya, ditengah keluarga/masyarakat. Data ini bermanfaat agar dapat
sesegera mungkin dapat dibuatkan suatu rencana keperawatan/implementasi
keperawatan saat ini atau pada saat klien menjelang pulang.Data dikumpulknn
melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, data dari; keluarga atau
sumber-sumber Iainnya yang mendukung.Tulisan data secara singkat dan jelas.
1. Kemampuan klien memenuhi kebutuhan
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Panduan Praktik Komprehensif IV
a. Perawatan diri
b. Nutrisi
c. Tidur
Apakah ia merasa segar setelah bangun tidur, bila tidak segar jelaskan apa
yang terjadi. Apakah klien biasa tidur siang, berpa lamanya. Apakah ada
yang menolong klien mempermudah untuk tidur, keadaan seperti apa?
Tidur malam rata-rata berapa jam, mulai tidur jam berapa dan bangun
pagi jam berapa.
Tuliskan diagnosa keperawatan tersebut sesuai dengan data
Jelaskan aspek medis klien (dapat dilihat dari Rekam Medik) tentang
1. Diagnose medis
2. Diagnose Multi Axis
Axis I : Gangguan klinis
Kondisi lain yang menjadi focus perhatian klinis
Axis II : Gangguan Kepribadian
Retardasi mental
Axis III : Kondisi Medik umum
Axis IV : Masalah Psikososial dan Lingkungan
Axis V : Penilaian Fungsi Secara Global ( GAF’S)
3. Terapi Medik
Buatlah pengelompokan data sesuai dengan apa yang telah dikaji dalam
pengkajian
XIV. DAFTAR DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN
Pembuatan Pohon Masalah yang terdiri dari : efek (akibat), core problem
(masalah utama), etiologi (penyebab) dan masalah-masalah lain yang masih ada
hubungan sebab akibat (masalah lain)
XVI. PRIORITAS DIAGNOSA KEPERAWATAN
RENCANA
TERAPI AKTIFITAS KELOMPOK
A. TOPIK : ……………………………………………………………..
B. TUJUAN :
1. TUJUAN UMUM :
2. TUJUAN KHUSUS :
a. ………………………………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………………………………….
C. LANDASAN TEORI
Justifikasi TAK pada kondisi klien yang akan disertakan.
D. KLIEN
E. PENGORGANISASIAN
1. Waktu : tanggal, hari, jam, lama tiap langkah kegiatan
2. Tim Terapis : Leader, co leader, fasilitator, observer
3. Setting Tempat
4. Metoda dan Media
F. PROSES PELAKSANAAN
1. Orientasi
a. Salam dan perkenalan
FORMAT EVALUASI
PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK
Ruang : Tanggal :
Nama : Observasi Penilai :
2. Fase Orientasi
1. Salam 1
2. Evaluasi validasi 2
3. Mengingatkan 1
kontrak
- Topic
- Waktu
- Tempat
4. Tujuan tindakan 1
pembicaraan
3. Fase Kerja
1. Teknik Komunikasi 3
2. Sikap Komunikasi 3
3. Langkah-langkah 5
tindakan sesuai
dengan rencana
4. Fase Terminasi
1. Evaluasi respon 2
pasien
2. Rencana tindak lanjut 1
3. Menetapkan kontrak 2
yang akan datang
JUMLAH NILAI 25
( )
FORMAT EVALUASI
TERAPI AKTIFITAS KELOMPOK
Nama Mahasiswa :
NIM :
No ASPEK Nilai
1. Mengidentifikasi tujuan umum dan tujuan khusus
2. Memilih kegiatan untuk klien
3. Merencanakan waktu yang dipakai
4. Memilih klien untuk bergabung dalam kelompok
5. Mendorong klien berperan serta dalam kegiatan
6. Mengimplementasikan aktifitas yang direncanakan
7. Mengatasi masalah yang timbul dalam aktifitas
8. Menerima ide dari peserta, teman dan staf keperawatan
NILAI YANG DICAPAI
Penilai
(………..…………..)
FORMAT EVALUASI
LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN
Nama Mahasiswa :
NIM :
(……….…………….)
FORMAT EVALUASI
PRE / POST CONFERENCE
Nama Mahasiswa :
NIM :
No ASPEK Nilai
1. Persiapan untuk conference
2. Mempersiapkan rencana askep (untuk Pre conference)
Laporan tindakan dan kendala yang dihadapi (Post
conference)
3. Mengemukakan isyu / masalah untuk diskusi kelompok
4. Memberi ide selama conference
5. Mensintesa pengetahuan dengan permasalahan
6. Menerima ide-ide orang lain
7. Mengontrol emosi sendiri
8. Mensimulasi strategi pelaksanaan
9. Memperlihatkan perhatian dan kerjasama dalam kelompok
NILAI YANG DICAPAI
Penilai
(……………………..)
2. Tanggung Jawab
1. Aktif mengikuti kegiatan ruangan
2. Merencanakan kontrak
3. Merencanakan kontrak
4. Ketepatan pelaksanaan isi kontrak
Rotasi
Responsi
Pengumpulan lap. Maks. 2 hari setelah
rotasi
4. Kejujuran
1. Melaporkan kegiatan harian
2. Membuat laporan sesuai dengan kasus nyata
5. Penampilan
1. Kerapian
2. Keserasian
3. Kebersihan
4. Kedewasaan
Penilai
(……………………..)