Oleh :
MIFTAHUL JANNAH HS
(09220150007)
HENY SETIAWATY GALUS
(09220150010)
i
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
02 Rajab 1440 H
Makassar ; ------------------------
09 Maret 2019 M
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Rumus Molekul Amilosa...................................................... I-6
Gambar 1.2 Rumus Molekul Amilopektin................................................ I-7
Gambar 6.1 Reaktor Hidrolisa .................................................................. VI-1
Gambar 6.2 Peletakan Pengaduk.............................................................. VI-6
Gambar 6.3 Manhole ............................................................................... VI-11
Gambar 6.4 Perancnagan lug (kupingan) ................................................. VI-15
Gambar 6.5 Ukuran Pondasi .................................................................... VI-20
Gambar 9.1 Tata Letak Pabrik .................................................................. IX-7
Gambar 11.1 Grafik BEP ........................................................................... XI-10
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Komposisi kimia ubi kayu segar per 100 gram...................... I-4
Tabel 1.2 Komposisi Tapioka Menurut Brautlecht ................................. I-7
Tabel 1.3 Perkembangan Impor Kalsium Laktat di Indonesia................ I-10
Tabel 3.1 Neraca Massa Reaktor Hidrolisa (R-01).................................. III-1
Tabel 3.2 Neraca Massa Sentrifuge-01 (SF-01) ..................................... III-1
Tabel 3.3 Neraca Massa Netralizer (R-02).............................................. III-2
Tabel 3.4 Neraca Massa MRO................................................................. III-2
Tabel 3.5 Neraca Massa Evaporator (E-01)............................................. III-2
Tabel 3.6 Neraca Massa Mixer-01 (M-01) ............................................. III-3
Tabel 3.7 Neraca Massa Fermentor (F-01) ............................................. III-3
Tabel 3.8 Neraca Massa Decanter (D-01)................................................ III-4
Tabel 3.9 Neraca Massa Filter Press-01 (FP-01) .................................... III-4
Tabel 3.10 Neraca Massa Evaporator-02 (E-02) ...................................... III-4
Tabel 3.11 Neraca Massa Rotary Cooler (RC) ......................................... III-5
Tabel 4.1.1 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 2 R-01 ....................................... IV-1
Tabel 4.1.2 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 3 R-01........................................ IV-1
Tabel 4.1.3 Panas keluar pada 80oC alur 4 R-01........................................ IV-1
Tabel 4.2.1 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 5 R-01 ....................................... IV-2
Tabel 4.3.1 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 7 R-02 ....................................... IV-2
Tabel 4.3.2 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 8 R-02 ....................................... IV-2
Tabel 4.3.3 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 9 R-02 ....................................... IV-2
Tabel 4.4.1 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 11 E-01...................................... IV-3
Tabel 4.4.2 Panas keluar pada 107oC alur 12 E-01..................................... IV-3
Tabel 4.4.3 Panas keluar pada 107oC alur 13 E-01..................................... IV-3
Tabel 4.5.1 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 14 C-02...................................... IV-3
Tabel 4.6.1 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 16 F-01...................................... IV-3
Tabel 4.6.2 Panas keluar pada 45oC alur 18 F-01....................................... IV-4
Tabel 4.7.1 Panas keluar pada 82oC alur 19 ST-01.................................... IV-4
Tabel 4.8.1 Panas keluar pada 30oC C-01 ............................................... IV-4
Tabel 6.1 Perhitungan Volume Reaktor Per Batch.................................. VI-2
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Tabel 6.2 Ukuran flange nozzle reaktor................................................... VI-12
Tabel 7.1 Kebutuhan uap pada pabrik pembuatan kalsium laktat........... VII-1
Tabel 7.2 Kebutuhan air sebagai media pendingin.................................. VII-2
Tabel 7.3 Kebutuhan air sebagai air proses............................................. VII-3
Tabel 7.4 Diperkirakan pemakaian air untuk berbagai kebutuhan.......... VII-3
Tabel 7.5 Kualitas air way seputih, way sekampung
dan sungai tulang bawang ....................................................... VII-4
Tabel 7.6 Perincian limbah proses .......................................................... VII-10
Tabel 8.1 Alat instrumentasi yang digunakan ......................................... VIII-7
Tabel 8.2 Alat pengaman yang digunakan .............................................. VIII-8
Tabel 10.1 Karyawan non-shift.................................................................. X-2
Tabel 10.2 Pembagian kerja menurut shift................................................ X-3
Tabel 10.3 Upah karyawan........................................................................ X-3
Tabel 11.1 Biaya Operasi untuk kapasitas 65, 85, ddan 100%.................. XI-6
Tabel 11.2 Modal pinjaman selama masa konstruksi................................ XI-6
Tabel 11.3 Modal sendiri selama masa konstruksi .................................... XI-6
Tabel 11.4 Trial laju bunga........................................................................ XI-7
Tabel 11.5 Coomulatif cash flow .............................................................. XI-8
Tabel Lamp A.1 Neraca Massa Reaktor Hidrolisa (R-01)................ LAMP A-3
Tabel Lamp A.2 Neraca Massa Sentrifuge-01 (SF-01)..................... LAMP A-5
Tabel Lamp A.3 Neraca Massa Netralizer (R-02)............................. LAMP A-6
Tabel Lamp A.4 Neraca Massa MRO................................................ LAMP A-7
Tabel Lamp A.5 Neraca Massa Evaporator (E-01) .......................... LAMP A-8
Tabel Lamp A.6 Neraca Massa Mixer-01 (M-01) .......................... LAMP A-9
Tabel Lamp A.7 Neraca Massa Fermentor (FE-01).......................... LAMP A-11
Tabel Lamp A.8 Neraca Massa Decanter (DC-01) ........................... LAMP A-14
Tabel Lamp A.9 Neraca Massa Filter Press-01 (FP-01) ................... LAMP A-15
Tabel Lamp A.10 Neraca Massa Adsorber-01 (A-01) ...................... LAMP A-16
Tabel Lamp A.11 Neraca Massa Niagara Filter-01 (NF-01)............. LAMP A-17
Tabel Lamp B.1 Panas Masuk pada 30oC alur 2 R-01 .................. LAMP B-2
Tabel Lamp B.2 Panas Masuk pada 30oC alur 3 R-01 ..................... LAMP B-2
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Tabel Lamp B.3 Panas Keluar pada 30oC alur 4 R-01 ..................... LAMP B-3
Tabel Lamp B.4 Panas Keluar pada 30oC alur 5 C-01 .................. LAMP B-5
Tabel Lamp B.5 Panas Masuk pada 30oC alur 7 R-02 .................. LAMP B-6
Tabel Lamp B.6 Panas Masuk pada 30oC alur 8 R-02 .................... LAMP B-7
Tabel Lamp B.7 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 9 R-02 ................. LAMP B-7
Tabel Lamp B.8 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 11 E-01 .................. LAMP B-9
Tabel Lamp B.9 Panas keluar pada 107oC alur 12 E-01 ................. LAMP B-9
Tabel Lamp B.10 Panas keluar pada 107oC alur 13 E-01.................. LAMP B-10
Tabel Lamp B.11 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 14 C-02 .................. LAMP B-11
Tabel Lamp B.12 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 16 F-01 ................. LAMP B-12
Tabel Lamp B.13 Panas keluar pada 45oC alur 18 F-01 ................... LAMP B-13
Tabel Lamp B.14 Panas keluar pada 82oC alur 19 ST-01 ............... LAMP B-15
Tabel Lamp B.15 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 20 C-03 .................. LAMP B-16
Tabel Lamp B.16 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 21 DC-01 ............... LAMP B-17
Tabel Lamp B.17 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 22 DC-01................. LAMP B-18
Tabel Lamp B.18 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 23 DC-01 ................ LAMP B-18
Tabel Lamp B.19 Panas masuk pada 30oC alur 27 E-02 ................... LAMP B-20
Tabel Lamp B.20 Panas keluar pada 107oC alur 29 E-02.................. LAMP B-21
Tabel Lamp B.21 Panas keluar pada 30oC alur 30 C-04................... LAMP B-22
Tabel Lamp D.1 Marshall & Swift installed-equipment indexes...... LAMP D-1
Tabel Lamp D.2 Penaksiran harga dengan Least Square.................. LAMP D-2
Tabel Lamp D.3 Harga Peralatan Proses........................................... LAMP D-3
Tabel Lamp D.4 Biaya Bahan Baku.................................................. LAMP D-5
Tabel Lamp D.5 Harga Penjualan Produk......................................... LAMP D-5
Tabel Lamp D.6 Gaji Karyawan........................................................ LAMP D-6
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DAFTAR ISI
PENGESAHAN........................................................................................................i
KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................ii
DAFTAR GAMBAR...............................................................................................iii
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................viii
INTISARI.............................................................................................................. ix
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN..............................................................................I-1
BAB II. URAIAN PROSES............................................................................II-1
BAB III. NERACA MASSA...........................................................................III-1
BAB IV. NERACA PANAS............................................................................IV-1
BAB V. SPESIFIKASI ALAT........................................................................V-1
BAB VI. PERANCANGAN ALAT UTAMA..................................................VI-1
BAB VII. UTILITAS........................................................................................VII-1
BAB VIII. INSTRUMENTASI DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA...................VIII-1
BAB IX. LOKASI DAN TATA LETAK PABRIK........................................IX-1
BAB X. ORGANISASI DAN MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN...................X-1
BAB XI. ANALISIS EKONOMI....................................................................XI-1
BAB XII. KESIMPULAN................................................................................XII-1
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN A. PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA
LAMPIRAN B. PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
LAMPIRAN C. PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN
LAMPIRAN D. PERHITUNGAN ANALISA EKONOMI
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ABSTRAK
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