Cabang bidang ilmu yang menangani

perancangan, pembuatan, pemakaian

(pengoperasian), dan pemeliharaan/
perawatan alat-peralatan/mesin/ perkakas

(T. Rochim, Program Studi Teknik Mesin 2007)

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 APA YANG SUDAH KITA
PELAJARI PADA
Mata Kuliah
Dasar Perancangan Mekanikal

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 PERANCANGAN MEKANIKAL MCS 21009
4 SKS
Tujuan Pembelajaran:
Kuliah Perancangan Mekanikal bermaksud untuk melengkapi
kemampuan seorang mahasiswa agar memiliki kemampuan
(pengetahuan dan keterampilan) yang cukup dalam perancangan
mekanikal elemen mesin yang diperlukan sebagai pengetahuan
dan keahlian dasar teknik mesin yang harus dimiliki seorang
lulusan strata-1 teknik mesin.

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Silabus :
Review Dasar Perancangan Mekanikal; Perancangan Sambungan:
Las, Solder, Adhesive Bonding; Paku Keling, Pin, Mur, Baut,
Ulir, Gandar (Axel), Poros (Shaft), Hub, Bantalan Rol & Luncur;
Pelumasan, Gesekan dan Keausan; Pegas, Rem, Kopling Tetap
dan Tidak Tetap; Rantai, Belt, Dasar Roda Gigi, Roda Gigi Lurus
& Miring; Tugas Besar Perancangan yang berisi pemahaman
fungsi, pembebanan dan perhitungan kekuatan elemen mesin.

Prasyarat :
Visualisasi dan Pemodelan Mesin; Material Teknik; Dasar
Perancangan Mekanikal

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Buku Ajar:
1. Fundamental of Machine Elements, Hamrock, Jacobson, Schmid, Mc-
Graw Hill 1999
2. Sularso
3. Kurmi, Machine Design

Evaluasi untuk menentukan nilai akhir seorang mahasiswa dilakukan

melalui
1. Quiz & Tugas (30%)
2. Ujian Tengah Semester (25%)
3. Tugas Besar: (20%)

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Semester 1 Semester 2 Semester 3 Semester 4 Semester 5 Semester 6 Semester 7 Semester 8

GPOar Aljabar Linear, Fisika 2*, 4 Kesehatan,

Komputer, 3 4 (listrik, mag, Keselamatan
gel. & optik) Kerja & Lingk., 2
Kalkulus , 4 Kimia GPOar, 2

Etika
Menggambar Fisika 1*, 4 Statistik & Enjiniring, 2
Teknik *, 2 (panas & Probabilitas, 3
mekanika)
Tugas Kerja Praktek, Skripsi, 6
Agama, 2 Pengukuran & Teknik Tenaga Merancang, 4 2
Visualisasi & Matematika Metrologi *, 3 Listrik, 2
Pemodelan Teknik *, 4
Bhs Inggris *, Mesin* , 3
3 Proses
Manufaktur & Teknopreneur, Kapita
MPK 2 Mekatronika* Selekta
Pem. Material
Terintegrasi , ,4 Industrial, 2
*, 6
6
Olah Pengendalian
Raga/Seni, 1 Sistem, 4

Dasar Perancangan
Perancangan Mekanikal, 4
Material Teknik, Get. Mekanis *, Pemeliharaan & Pilihan (12 sks) Pilihan (8 sks)
4 Mekanikal, 4 2 Pem. Kond. 1 s/d 3, 3@4 4 & 5 ,2@4
Mesin, 3
Kinematika &
Dinamika, 4

Sistem Fluida, 3 Konversi &

Termodinamika Mekanika Fluida Konservasi Pilihan (12 sks) Pilihan (8 sks)
GPOar, 4 GPOar, 4 Energi *, 4 1 s/d 3, 3@4 4 & 5 ,2@4

Perpindahan
Kalor dan Masa,
4

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

1. Selecting a suitable type of machine element from

consideration of its function (Joinning, Transmission, etc)
2. Estimating the size of the machine element that is likely to
be satisfactory (standart bolt, material,etc)
3. Evaluating the machine element’s performance against the
requirements (horse power, torsion,etc)
4. And then modifying the design and the dimensions until
the performance is wear to whichever optimum is
considered most important

Text Reference: Figure 1.4, page 21

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Chasis

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Power Train

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 ON-SHORE DRILLING RIG

MAST

SUBSTRUCTURE

DRAWWORK

TUBULAR
GOODS

GENERATORS

MIXING LOADING RAM

TANK MUD
PUMP
MUD
TANK
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 MONOREL

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Joining
Elements

Machine Brake
Elements
Design

Rotation and
Power
Transmission
Elements

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Submitted by Benedetti on January 10, 2005 -
22:41.
(Image: Freeport McMoran's Grasburg mine near
Timika is the largest gold and copper mine in the
world)

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 high repetition of design activities = time consumming =
Product Design and Development

The CHALLENGES in
Manufacturing Industry

high cost of product

1. Shorten the lead-time for the
introduction of new products,
2. Lower manufacturing cost,
3. Improve the quality and reliability
of products (good quality),
4. Satisfy the required functions most
effectively

• (a) Over-The-Wall Engineering Approach

(From Kalpakjian [1997]).
• (b) Concurrent Engineering Approach
(adapted from Pugh [1996]).
Source : Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid ©1998 McGraw-Hill
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Direct Material Cost Direct Labor Cost Manufacturing Overhead Cost
55 % 10 % 16 %

Cd
Spefification
Taget :
Shape and overall
dimension
Cm
Cp
Ca

Cnp Marketing and Selling Cost Administrative Cost

19 %

Advertizing Cost Ship Cost Sales Commision Sales Salary Executive Compensation General Accounting Secretarial Public Relation
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 • Drawing FBD
• Load
• Supports and Reactions
• NVM
• Stress Calculations

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

 Seijin Tim SEM DTM

1. Selecting a suitable type of machine element from consideration of its

function (Joinning, Transmission, etc)
2. Estimating the size of the machine element that is likely to be satisfactory
(standart bolt, material,etc)
3. Evaluating the machine element’s performance against the requirements
(horse power, torsion,etc)
4. And then modifying the design and the dimensions until the performance
is wear to whichever optimum is considered most important
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 1.5.2. GOVERMENT CODES AND
INDUSTRY STANDARDS
ANSI, the American National Standars Institute
ASME, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM, the American Society for Testing and Materials
AGMA, the American Gear Manufacturers Association
AISI, the American iron and Steel Institute
AISC, the American Institute of Steel Construction
DIN, Deutsches Institut für Normung (the German Institute for Standardization)
JIS, Japanese Industrial Standard
ISO, the International Standards Organization
NFPA, National Fire Protection Association
SNI, Standar Nasional Indonesia
http://www.bsn.go.id
Text Reference: Figure 1.4, page 21
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Puglsey Safety Factor Approach
Table 1.1 Safety Factor Characterisics A, B, and C

Characteristica B=
vg g f p
 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7
vg
A=vg C
 g

1.2 1.45 1.7 1.95
 f 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.2

p 1.4 1.75 2.1 2.45
 1.3 1.55 1.8 2.05
vg
A=g C
 g

1.45 1.75 2.05 2.35
 f 1.6 1.95 2.3 2.65

p 1.75 2.15 2.55 2.95
vg 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4

A=f C
 g

1.7 2.05 2.4 2.75
 f 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1

p 2.1 2.55 3.0 3.45
vg 1.7 2.15 2.4 2.75

A=p C
 g

1.95 2.35 2.75 3.15
 f 2.2 2.65 3.1 3.55

p 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95
a
vg=very good, g=good, f=fair and p=poor
A=quality of materials, workmanship, maintenance and inspection
B=control over load applied to part
C=accuracy of stress analysis, experimental data, or experience with
similar parts

Text Reference: Tables 1.1 and 1.2, page 9

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Table 1.2: Safety Factor Characteristics D and E

Characteristica D=
ns s vs
E=ns 1.0 1.2 1.4
E= s 1.0 1.3 1.5
E= vs 1.2 1.4 1.6
a
vs=very serious, s= serious and ns=not serious
D=danger to personnel
E=economic impact

Usage:

ns=ns,xns,y

ns=safety factor
ns,x is obtained from Table 1.1
ns,y from Table 1.2

Text Reference: Figure 1.4, page 21

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 SI Units and Prefixes Table 1.3 SI units
and prefixes
( a) S I units
Quantity U nit S I s y mbo l Fo rmula
S I bas e units
Length meter m -
Mass kilogram kg -
Time second s -
Temperature kelvin K -
S I s upplementary
unit
Plane angle radian rad -
S I deriv ed units
Energy joule J N-m
Force newton N kg-m/s 2
Power watt W J/s
Pressure pascal Pa N/m2
Work joule J N-m
( b) S I pref ix es S I s y mbo l
Multiplicatio n f acto r Pref ix f o r pref ix
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T
1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G
1 000 000 = 106 mega M
1 000 = 103 kilo k
100 = 102 hecto h
10=101 deka da
0. 1=10-1 deci d
0. 01=10-2 centi c
0. 001=10-3 milli m
0. 000 001 = 10-6 micro µ
0. 000 000 001 = 10-9 nano n
0. 000 000 000 001= 10-12 pico p

Text Reference: Table 1.3, page 19

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 Conversion Factors and Definitions
( a) Fundamental co nv ers io n f acto rs
Eng lis h unit Ex act S I v alue Appro x imate S I
v alue
Length 1 in 0. 0254 m -
Mass 1 lbm 0. 453 592 37 kg 0. 4536 kg
Temperature 1 deg R 5/9 K -

( b) Def initio ns
Acceleration of gravity 1g=9. 8066 m/s 2 (32. 174 ft/s 2 )
Energy Btu (British thermal unit)amount of energy required to
raise 1 lbm of water 1 deg F (1 Btu = 778. 2 ft-lbf)
kilocalorie  amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of
water 1 K (1 kcal=4187 J)
Length 1 mile=5280 ft; 1 nautical mile = 6076. 1 ft.
Power 1 horsepower = 550 ft-lbf/s
Pressure 1 bar  105 Pa
Temperature degree Fahrenheit tF=9/5tC +32 (where tC is degrees)
(Celsius)
degree Rankine tR =tF+459. 67
Kelvin tK=TC +275. 15 (exact)
Kinematic viscosity 1 poise  0. 1 kg/m-s
1 stoke  0. 0001 m2 /s Table 1.4 Conversion
Volume 1 cubic foot = 7. 48 gal
factors and definitions.
( c) U s ef ul co nv ers io n f acto rs
1 ft = 0. 3048 m
1 lbf = 4. 448 N
1 lbf = 386. 1 lbm-in/s 2
1 kgf = 9. 807 N
1 lbf/in2 = 6895 Pa
1 ksi = 6. 895 Mpa
1 Btu = 1055 J
1 ft-lbf = 1.356 J
1 hp = 746 W = 2545 Btu/hr
1 kW = 3413 Btu/hr
1 quart = 0.000946 m3 = 0. 946 liter
1 kcal = 3. 968 Btu

©1998 McGraw-Hill Text Reference: Table 1.4, page 20 Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 MICRO GEAR
500 x10-6

NANO GEAR
10-9

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid
 1.5. FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1.5.1. Safety Factor

1.5.2. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis FMEA and
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
1.5.3. Load Redistribution, Redundancy, Fail
Safe, and the doctrine of manifest danger
1.5.4. Reliability

Text Reference: Figure 1.4, page 21

©1998 McGraw-Hill Hamrock, Jacobson and Schmid