3331200096 MATERIAL TEKNIK - C ZEVA BAGAS PERMANA

(KOMPOSIT)

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN KOMPOSIT BERBAHAN DASAR SERAT

SABUT KELAPA DAN SERAT BATANG PISANG

Ringkasan
Penelitian mengenai pembuatan papan komposit dari berbagai bahan dasar serat alami telah banyak
dilakukan. Bahwa serabut kelapa berpotensi untuk dapat diproduksi sebagai papan komposit.

Pengembangan penelitian papan komposit berbahan dasar serat alam diantaranya merupakan solusi
untuk mengatasi kelangkaan dan mahalnya harga kayu. Walaupun demikian penelitian pembuatan
papan komposit berbahan dasar serat alam tergantung keperluan akhir yang ingin dicapai dalam
tujuan penelitian.

Penelitian mengenai sifat mekanik papan komposit berbahan dasar serat alam, pada prinsipnya
membuat produk papan berbahan dasar serat alam.

Ukuran ini bertujuan agar material serat ketika dicampur antara SSK dan SBK lebih homogen
sebelum keduanya diaduk bersama matrik lem PVAc.

Perbandingan massa serat dan massa matrik adalah 30%:70%. Ukuran perbandingan ini dilakukan
berbasarkan telusur literatur, yang mengungkapkan bahwa massa matriks lebih besar dari massa serat
menghasilkan nilai uji kuat tarik dan kuat lentur terbaik untuk suatu papan komposit.

Adapun alasan serat batang pisang dan serat sabut kelapa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
adanya kesamaan unsur yang terkandung, seperti lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa.

Papan partikel berbahan serat alam SSK dan SBP ini di rekat dengan menggunakan lem.

PVAc, dimana dalam pencetakannya diberikan gaya yang merata dan kemudian di jemur di bawah
terik matahari atau di oven.
3331200096 MATERIAL TEKNIK - C ZEVA BAGAS PERMANA

Pembahasan
Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat spesimen sampel papan komposit dengan pembuatan volume
pencetakan dengan aturan 30% serat alam dan 70% matriks PVAc. Serat alam SSK dan SBK dibauat
dalam bentuk serbuk atau potongan-potongan kecil seperti yang ditunjukan pada gambar 1. Serat
sendiri merupakan campuran antara serat batang pisang dengan serat sabut kelapa.Dalam hal ini
dibuat 7 buah sampel dengan komposisi serat sebagai berikut :

SKK 100 % dan SBP 50% :SKK 50 %.

Cara penentuan volume fraksi serat, maka terlebih dulu perlu diketahui massa jenis matrik

10%, di dapat 0,9 gr/cm3. Maka selanjutnya menghitung volume cetakan untuk spesimen sampel
papan. Volume cetakan diperoleh 18 cm x 18 cm x 0,5 cm = 162 cm3. Jika cetakan tersebut disii
seluruhnya dengan matrik, maka dengan menggunakan rumus massa jenis , didapat massa yang
dibutuhkan = 0,9 gr/cm3 x 162 cm3 =145 gr.

Jadi massa total untuk mengisi cetakan tersebut 145 gr. Jika dibutuhkan 70% matriks dan 30% serat,
berarti massa matrik 70% x 145 gr = 102 gr dan untuk massa serat 30 % x 145 gr = 43 gr. Sedangkan
jika serat tersebut merupakan campuran dari 60% SSK dan 40 % SBK, maka massa SSK = 60%x 43
gr = 26 gr dan massa SBP = 30 % x 43 = 17 gr.

Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan yang telah dipaparkan dapat disimpulkan bahwa:
- Komposisi campuran serat alam sabut kelapa dan serat batang pisang dengan matriks pada
pembuatan papan partikel komposit Poly Vinyl Acetate menunjukkan hasil sifat fisik maupun
mekanik yang bervariasi atau tidak ada yang sama untuk masing-masing spesimen sampel.
Acetate berpengaruh terhadap nilai sifat fisik maupun mekaniknya.

- Mengacu pada hasil analisa hasil pengukuran, nilai sifat fisik dan sifat mekanik yang diukur,
untuk semua spesimen sampel papan partikel berbahan alam serat sabut kelapa dan serat
batang Pisang dengan matriks perekat lem PVAc berada pada nilai yang sesuai dengan
kualitas standar SNI03-2105-2006.
3331200096 MATERIAL TEKNIK - C ZEVA BAGAS PERMANA

(Smart Materials & Nanotechnology)

Sugar transfer of nanomaterials and flexible electrodes

Summary
Nanomaterials with various dimensionalities have shown great potential in the recent development of
flexible electronics. This often damages the flexible substrate and thus hamper the large-scale
application of nanomaterials. This method requires no organic solvent during transfer. More
importantly, the morphology and properties of transferred nanomaterials, such as shape,
microstructure, resistivity, and transmittance are well preserved on the target substrate.

Nanomaterials have been widely used in the field of flexible electrodes, optoelectronics, and
nanoelectronics, due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties. Transfer of nanomaterials
from its original substrate is one of the key components for the fabrication of the heterogeneously
integrated functional systems. Most transfer technologies require mediator-assisted materials
including macromolecular polymers and small organic molecules, which inevitably lead to process
specific drawbacks, limiting the performance of the final flexible devices.

For example, polymethylmethacrylate and thermal-release tapes are widely used mediators, for which
the polymer/tape residuals have to be removed using organic solvents and perhaps subsequent high-
temperature annealing. The use of organic solvents and high temperature annealing is not only time
consuming and pollutive but also destructive to the flexibility of the final device. This is because all
current flexible substrates, such as poly-, poly, and propylene carbonate, can easily swell in organic
solvent, and most of them deform or melt during the high temperature annealing. Moreover, polymer-
assisted transfer are not as effective on three-dimensional nanomaterials as on 2D nanofilms. It is
challenging but necessary to find a transfer method which is not only suitable for flexible substrate
but also effective for nanomaterials with all kinds of dimensionality, including nanowires, nanofilms,
and 3D nanomaterials.

Here we present a simple but effective method using water-soluble sugar as the mediator for the
transfer of nanomaterials with different geometries and dimensions.

No organic solvent and high-temperature annealing are required. The morphology as well as the
mechanical, optical and electrical properties of the nanostructured materials are preserved excellently.

Furthermore, this method works for 2D materials, including graphene and other 2D transition-metal
sulfide materials. We demonstrate that even monolayer graphene retains its good electrical property
after sugar transfer.
3331200096 MATERIAL TEKNIK - C ZEVA BAGAS PERMANA

Discussion
The transfer process includes the following steps: Sugar (Sucrose, analytic) was melted at 200°C in a
beaker until becoming saffron yellow. Then, the temperature cooled down to 130°C in case scorching
the sugar. Melted sugar was dropped on the surface of nanomaterials supported on an original
substrate.

The thickness of sugar is tens of micrometer to centimeter, depending on the flexibility of sugar film
which the experiments needed. After solidification, the sugar piece which adheres nanomaterials were
peeled off. Then, the sugar piece was transferred to a target substrate, followed by washing away the
sugar using de-ionized water (18.25 MΩ) to leave the nanomaterials on the target substrate. The sugar
can be washed away in 2–3 min. Au nanomeshes were made by grain boundary lithography.

Au nanofilms and Au nanodiscs were fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Before transfer, the Au
nanomeshes, Au nanofilm, and Au nanodiscs were adherent on PDMS, PET, and Si substrate,
respectively. The Ag nanowire films were spray-coated on PDMS substrates before transfer. PS
spheres were self-assembled and floated on water, and then they were picked up using a PDMS
substrate. The hollow hemispheres were fabricated by e-beam evaporating (TF 500) a thin layer of Au
on a patterned PDMS substrate. The graphene sheets were prepared using both mechanical exfoliation
(small size) and chemical vapor deposition (large area), depending on the size needed.

In conclusion, we have demonstrated that sugar transfer can be a general method for transferring
nanomaterials with various dimensionalities and shapes onto both rigid and flexible substrates. This
method could greatly advance the applications of nanomaterials, from 1D to 3D, in the field of
flexible devices.