BOTANI - BIOLOGI
Untuk Kalangan Sendiri
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS RIAU
PEKANBARU
2020
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Materi yang terkandung dalam buku ini merupakan kumpulan dari acara-
acara praktikum BOTANI-BIOLOGI yang meliputi: biologi sel, jaringan dan
organ tubuh tumbuhan, metabolisme, reproduksi dan genetika,
keanekaragaman hati serta ekologi.
Penyusun
1
1.1. UMUM
1. Sebelum menjalankan praktikum mahasiswa harus sudah mempersiapkan diri,
mempelajari materi yang akan dipraktikumkan pada hari itu.
2. Praktikan harus datang tepat waktu. Mahasiswa yang terlambat 10 menit atau
lebih, tidak diizinkan mengikuti praktikum.
3. Setiap praktikan diwajibkan mengikuti semua acara praktikum, Jika praktikan
berhalangan hadir diwajibkan memberikan surat keterangan tertulis kepada
asisten biologi
4. Selama melaksanakan / melakukan praktikum semua praktikan diwajibkan
memakai jas laboratorium.
5. Semua praktikan harus membawa buku penuntun praktikum, serta alat-alat tulis.
6. Praktikan diwajibkan menjaga ketenangan, kebersihan dan kesopanan selama
praktikum.
7. Tidak diperkenankan makan, minum, merokok, mengaktifkan telfon genggam
dan kegiatan lain yang bisa mengganggu kegiatan selama praktikum
8. Praktikan diwajibkan membawa sendiri beberapa alat dan bahan yang tidak
disediakan oleh laboratorium (jenis dan bahan akan ditentukan kemudian)
9. Mahasiswa dilarang membawa buku laporan praktikum biologi dasar milik
mahasiswa tahun-tahun terdahulu ke dalam ruang praktikum. Jika hal itu terjadi,
asisten yang bertugas berhak menyita buku laporan tersebut dan mahasiswa
yang bersangkutan akan dikeluarkan dari ruang praktikum.
10. Bekerja dengan tenang, tertib dan apabila meninggalkan ruangan praktikan harus
seizin dosen/asisten.
11. Setelah waktu praktikum habis, hasil pekerjaan wajib diserahkan pada asisten
untuk mendapatkan pengesahan.
1.2.KETERTIBAN ALAT
1. Ketua regu harus mengecek kelengkapan dan keutuhan alat sebelum melakukan
praktikum. Jika ada kerusakan sebelum dipakai segera laporkan pada asisten.
2. Asisten akan mengecek keutuhan dan kelengkapan alat setelah selesai
praktikum
2
3. Jika ada kerusakan atau kehilangan alat akibat kecerobohan praktikan, yang
bersangkutan atau satu regu diwajibkan menggantinya berupa alat yang sama
atau bentuk uang senilai harga barang, dalam jangka waktu satu minggu setelah
kejadian
4. Sesudah praktikum mahasiswa harus membersihkan mikroskop, mikroskop
harus dikembalikan ke sikap semula, seperti keadaan sebelum dipakai.
5. Alat-alat dan preparat yang dipakai harus dikembalikan kepada asisten/petugas
laboratorium dalam keadaan baik dan bersih.
6. Setelah praktikum selesai sampah harus dikumpulkan dan dibuang pada tempat
yang telah disediakan.
1.3.NILAI PRAKTIKUM
1. Besarnya nilai praktikum adalah 30 % dari nilai total matakuliah.
2. Nilai praktikum diambil dari:
Kehadiran 10%
Responsi 20%
Laporan praktikum 30%
Ujian akhir praktikum 30%
Keaktifan 10%
3. Setiap akan dilakukan praktikum, diadakan responsi mengenai materi yang akan
dipraktikumkan
4. Tidak dibenarkan membuat laporan tanpa ikut praktikum
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Paraf Asisten :
Preparat : ..............................................................................
Pembesaran : ..............................................................................
Paraf Asisten : ..............................................................................
Tanggal Praktikum :
Irisan Melintang Irisan Membujur
Keterangan Gambar :
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Zat Ergastik
Amatilah benda-benda ergas berupa pati pada Solanum tuberasum, Ipomea batatas,
Oriza sativa, butir aleoron pada endodermis biji Zea mays, dan kristal pada akar Ipomea
batatas, dan daun Colocasia esculenta dan daun Citrus sp
Kesimpulan Praktikum :
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Kesimpulan Praktikum :
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Keterangan
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Keterangan
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AKAR
Gambar dan beri keterangan pada gambar dengan bahasa latin !
Preparat : Akar
Spesies : Daucus carota,
Sistem Perakaran : serabut / tunggang
Jenis Akar :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian akar :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
6............................................................
7............................................................
Preparat : Akar
Spesies : Zea mays
Sistem Perakaran : serabut / tunggang Paraf Asisten :
Jenis Akar :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian akar :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
6............................................................
7............................................................
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Preparat : Akar
Spesies : Melastoma malabatricum
Sistem Perakaran : serabut / tunggang
Jenis Akar :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian akar :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
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Preparat : Akar
Spesies : Arachis hypogea
Sistem Perakaran : serabut / tunggang
Jenis Akar :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian akar :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Preparat : Akar
Spesies : Piper batle
Sistem Perakaran : serabut / tunggang
Jenis Akar :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian akar :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
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BATANG
Gambar dan beri keterangan pada gambar dengan bahasa latin !
Preparat : Batang
Spesies : Cyperus sp.
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Keterangan :
1. Sifat batang :
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2. Arah tumbuh batang :
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3. Bentuk batang :
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4. Sifat permukaan batang:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Preparat : Batang
Spesies : Cyperus sp.
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Keterangan :
1. Sifat batang :
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2. Arah tumbuh batang :
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3. Bentuk batang :
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4. Sifat permukaan batang:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
Preparat : Batang
Spesies : Cyperus sp.
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Keterangan :
1. Sifat batang :
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2. Arah tumbuh batang :
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3. Bentuk batang :
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4. Sifat permukaan batang:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
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Preparat : Batang
Spesies : Passiflora quadrangularis
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Keterangan :
1. Sifat batang :
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2. Arah tumbuh batang :
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3. Bentuk batang :
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4. Sifat permukaan batang:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
Preparat : Batang
Spesies : Piper batle
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Keterangan :
1. Sifat batang :
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2. Arah tumbuh batang :
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3. Bentuk batang :
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4. Sifat permukaan batang:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Caladium bicolor
Tipe Daun : Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
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Bagian-bagian daun :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Artocarpus integra Merr, Zea mays L., Amaranthus
hibridus, Solanum lycopersicum, Manihot utilisima, Adenantera pavonina,
Tipe Daun : Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________ Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
.. ..........................................................
Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Zea mays L.,
Tipe Daun : Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
.. ..........................................................
Bagian-bagian daun :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Amaranthus hibridus, Tipe Daun :
Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
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Bagian-bagian batang :
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Solanum lycopersicum
: Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
.. ..........................................................
Bagian-bagian daun :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Manihot utilisima, Adenantera pavonina,
Tipe Daun : Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
.. ..........................................................
Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
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Preparat : Daun
Spesies : Adenantera pavonina,
Tipe Daun : Majemuk / tunggal
Tipe Pertulangan daun :
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Tipe tipe :
1. Circumscriptio :
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2. Apex :
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3. Basis :
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4. Nervatio:
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4. Margo:
.. ..........................................................
Bagian-bagian batang :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
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Bagian-bagian bunga :
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Rumus Bunga
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Preparat : Bunga
Spesies : Bougenvillea spectabilis
Tipe Bunga : lengkap / tidak lengkap
: majemuk / tunggal
Jenis Kelamin Bunga : Hermaphroditus / flos masculus / Faminicus
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian bunga :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Rumus Bunga
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Preparat : Bunga
Spesies : Alamanda cathartica,
Tipe Bunga : lengkap / tidak lengkap
: majemuk / tunggal
Jenis Kelamin Bunga : Hermaphroditus / flos masculus / Faminicus
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian bunga :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Rumus Bunga
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Preparat : Bunga
Spesies : Ixora javanica, Mimosa pudica, Zea mays
Tipe Bunga : lengkap / tidak lengkap
: majemuk / tunggal
Jenis Kelamin Bunga : Hermaphroditus / flos masculus / Faminicus
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian bunga :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Rumus Bunga
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Preparat : Bunga
Spesies : Mimosa pudica
Tipe Bunga : lengkap / tidak lengkap
: majemuk / tunggal
Jenis Kelamin Bunga : Hermaphroditus / flos masculus / Faminicus
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian bunga :
1............................................................
2............................................................
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Rumus Bunga
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Preparat : Bunga
Spesies : Zea mays
Tipe Bunga : lengkap / tidak lengkap
: majemuk / tunggal
Jenis Kelamin Bunga : Hermaphroditus / flos masculus / Faminicus
Tumbuhan : dikotil / monokotil
Tanggal Praktikum : _____________________
Bagian-bagian bunga :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Rumus Bunga
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Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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5............................................................
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Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
5............................................................
Bagian-bagian buah :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
4............................................................
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Bagian-bagian biji :
1............................................................
2............................................................
3............................................................
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VIII. METABOLISME
Tanpa Diaduk
Diaduk
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0 Menit
5 Menit
10 Menit
15 Menit
20 Menit
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Perbesaran : _______________
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b. Laju Transportasi :
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C. D.
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Pembahasan !
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a. Sphagnum sp.
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
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b. Nephrolepis exaltata
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
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c. Curcuma longa L.
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
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d. Melastoma Malabathricum
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
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e. Gnetum gnemon L
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
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f. Glycine max
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
43
g. Manihot esculenta
Klasifikasi
- Kingdom : .................................................................
- Devisi : .................................................................
- Kelas : .................................................................
- Ordo : .................................................................
- Family : .................................................................
- Genus : .................................................................
- Spesies : .................................................................
44