BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang
kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), yaitu active
voice (kalimat aktif) dan passive voice (kalimat pasif). Active voice (kalimat
aktif) menunjukkan bahwa orang, binatang atau benda yang ditunjukkan oleh
subjek, melakukan sesuatu pada sesuatu yang lain. Kasno killed a tiger (kasno
membunuh seekor harimau). Orang yang ditujukkan oleh subjek yaitu kasno,
melakukan sesuatu pada seekor harimau. Sedangkan passive voice (kalimat
pasif) menunjukkan bahwa orang, binatang atau benda menderita sesuatu dari
yang lain. Contoh a tiger was killed by tresno (binatang yang ditunjukkan
sebagai subjek yaitu seekor harimau, menderita sesuatu dari tresno.
Maka dari itu dalam makalah ini kami akan membahas mengenai passive
voice (kalimat pasif), dan pembentukan passive voice (kalimat pasif) dalam
beberapa pola kalimat
B. Rumusan Makalah
Adapun rumusan dalam makalah ini, adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan passive voice (kalimat pasif)?
2. Bagaimana pembentukkan passive voice (kalimat pasif)?
C. Tujuan Makalah
Adapun tujuan dari makalah ini, adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Untuk mengetahui definisi passive voice (kalimat pasif).
2. Untuk mengetahui pembentukkan passive voice (kalimat pasif).

Passive Voice 1
 BAB II
PEMBAHASAN

A. Pengertian kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice)

Untuk pembentukkan passive voice kita harus mengetahui active voice
(kalimat aktif). Kalimat aktif (active voice) yaitu kalimat yang subjeknya
melakukan pekerjaan. Sementara, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah
kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat
pasif menggunakan kata kerja yang diawali dengan di- (dijual, dipanggil,
ditulis, dan lain-lain). Untuk pembentukkan passive voice kita harus
mengetahui active voice (kalimat aktif).
B. Pembentukan Kalimat pasif (Passive Voice)
Secara umum, susunan kalimat pasif adalah
S+ To be + V3 + by + o

Aturan merubah kalimat aktif (Active Voice) menjadi kalimat pasif

(Passive Voice), adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Subjek kalimat aktif menjadi objek kalimat pasif.
2. Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
3. Bila dalam kalimat aktif tidak ada “to be” maka tambahkan “to be” dalam
kalimat pasif.
4. Letakkan kata kerja utama dalam bentuk V3 setelah “to be”
5. Tambahkan “by” sebelum objek kalimat pasif.
Namun, bentuk waktu “to be” terebut harus disesuaikan dengan tensesnya,
seperti ini :
TENSES AKTIF PASIF
S + Infinitive + o S + to be + V3 + by o
Simple

(+) She is buys a book. (+) A book is bought by her

ntse

(-) She is not buys a book (-) A book is not bought by her

Passive Voice 2
 S + past + o S + was/were + V3 + by o
(+) He was tore the letter last (+) The letter was torn by him

Past
night. last night
(-) He was not tore the letter last (-) The letter was not torn by
night. him laast night
S + will + V1 + o S + will be + V3 + by o
(+) I will sing a beautiful song. (+) A beautiful song will be
Future

sung by her.
(-) i will not sing a beautiful (-) A beautiful song will not be
song. sung by her.
S + would + V1 + o S + would be + V3 + by o
(+) I would buy book tomorrow. (+) A book would be bought
Past future

(-) I would not buy book by me tomorrow.

tomorrow. (-) A book would not be
bought by me tomorrow.

TENSES AKTIF PASIF

Continuous

S+ to be (is, am, are) + V-ing + o S + to be (is, am, are) + being +

V3 + by o
Present

(+) She is doing the homework (+) The homework is being done
by her
(-) She is not doing the homework (-) The homework is not being
done by her
t Pas

S + was/were + V-ing + o S + was/were+ being + V3 + by

o
(+) Dolly was reading a book. (+) A book was being read by
dolly.
(-) Dolly was not reading a book (-) A book was not being read by
dolly

Passive Voice 3
 S + will be + V-ing + o S + will be being + V3
(+) He will be doing a test (+) A test will be being done by

Future
tomorrow. him tomorrow
(-) He will not be doing a test (-) A test will not be being done
tomorrow by him tomorrow
S + would + be + V-ing S + would be being + V3
(+) He would be taking an (+) An examination would be
examinition at this time the being taken by him at this
Past future

following day. times the following day.

(-) He would not be taking an (-) An axaminition would not be
examinition at this time the being taken by him at this
following day. times the following day.

TENSES AKTIF PASIF

Perfect simple

S + has/have + V3 + o S + has/have been + V3 +

by o
(+) she has bought a book. (+) A book has bought by
tens

her
(-) she has not bought a book. (-) A book has not bought
by her
st

S + had + V3 + o S + had been + V3 + by o

(+) He had left that place. (+) That place had been left
by him.
(-) He had not left that place. (-) That place had not been
left by him.

Passive Voice 4
 S + will have + V3 + o S + will have been + V3 +
by o
(+) he will have finished his duty next (+) His duty will have been
month finished by him next
Future
month
(-) he will not have finished his duty (-) His duty will not have
next mont been finished by him
next month
S + would have + V3 + o S + would have been + V3
+ by o
(+) He would have finished the duty if (+) The duty would have
Past future

he had worked hard been finished by him if

he had worked hard
(-) He would not have finished the (-) The duty would not have
duty if he had worked hard been finished by him if
he had not worked hard.

TENSES AKTIF PASIF

tn e s e rP
Perfect continous

S + had been + V-ing + o S + has been being + V3 + by o

(+) He has been doing a home (+) A home work has been being
work all night tonight. done by him all night
tonight.
(-) He has not been doing a home (-) A home work has been not
work all night tonight. being done by him all night
tonight.

Passive Voice 5
 S + had been + V-ing + o S + has been being + V3
(+) Dewi had been reading a book (+) a book had been being read

Past
by Dewi
(-) Dewi had not been reading a (-) a book had not been being
book read by Dewi.
S + will have been + V-ing + o S + will have been being + V3
(+) By the end of this mont, Dewi (+) By the end of this month,
will have been studying English will have been being
English for three weeks. studied by dewi for three
Future

(-) By the end of this month, Dewi weeks.

will not have been studying (-) By the end of this month,
English for three weeks. English will not have been
being studied by Dewi for
three weeks.
S + would have been + V-ing + o S + would have been being + V3
+o
(+) By last Critsmas we would (+) By last Critsmas this plan
Past future

have been doing this plan for would have been being done
three years. by us for three years.
(-) By last Critsmas we would not (-) By last Critsmas this plan
have been doing this plan for would not have been being
three years. done by us for three years.

BAB III
Passive Voice 6
 PENUTUP

Kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah adalah kalimat yang subjeknya

dikenai pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat pasif menggunakan kata kerja
yang diawali dengan di (dijual, dipanggil, ditulis, dan lain-lain).
Secara garis besar. Terdapat tiga bentuk waktu yang dijadikan pedoman
yaitu past (lampau), present (sekarang), dan future (yang akan datang). Ketiga
bentuk waktu tersebut dikembangkan menjadi enam belas pola kalimat yang
sering disebut tenses.
Adapun aturan-aturan untuk mengubah kalimat dari bentuk aktif menjadi
pasif, adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Subjek kalimat aktif menjadi objek kalimat pasif
2. Objek kalimat aktif menjadi subjek kalimat pasif.
3. Bila dalam kalimat aktif tidak ada “to be” maka tambahkan “to be” dalam
kalimat pasif. Bentuk “to be” disesuaikan dengan teses dan subjek kalimat
pasif.
4. Letakkan kata kerja utama dalam bentuk V3 setelah “to be”
5. Tambahakan “by” sebelum objek kalimat pasif.

Passive Voice 7