Flashpoint Limitation Bahan Kimia

muh.agus.alfiani@exxonmobil.com

Dear rekan-rekan migas

Saya minta tolong disharing informasi mengenai peraturan atau standar mengenai ketentuan
"flashpoint limitations on chemicals".

Abdul Majid

Pak,
Lihat di MSDS nya dari bahan kimia apa yang Bapak tangani.
Soal MSDS diatur di dalam pp no. 74/2001 tentang Pengelolaan B3 dan dan Permenaker
187/1999 tentang Pengendalian bahan kimia berbahaya dan beracun (B3) di tempat kerja
Moga info ini membantu.

roeddy setiawan

Pak Majid,
Kurang jelas pertanyaan nya, flash point bisa berapa saja ngak ada ketentuannya, its property dr
chemical start dr hydrogen yg paling sederhana sm ke ynag paling ruwet.
Yang ditentukan handling , transporting, storing, safety apparatus,pre requisite personal skill yng
bisa handling dna seterusnya,

Abdul Majid

Ya, betul Pak tidak ada ketentuannya karena flash point kan didapat dari uji coba kan?
.
Tidak jelas pertanyaannya(?), dan saya juga lihat bukan pertanyaan... heheheh...
dan lagi-lagi, komentar jawaban saya juga mungkin kurang mengena. maklumlah ...heheheh.....
tapi tak apa sekedar sharing comment aja.

Flash point limitation on chemicals?

Chemical flash point?
Flammable substance flash point?
Apa yang dimaksud dengan batasan? or limitation?
Apa arti sebetulnya tentang flash point?
Istilah Hydrogen flash point?
See the attached file, sebagai pembanding... dan juga saya sertakan sedikit hasil browsing saya
tentang flash point.
Atau mungkin ada rekan lain jago kimia yang bisa bantu....

Bahan kimia yang mudah terbakar mempunyai flash point (titik nyala) tertentu dan data ini bisa
didapat dari MSDS dari item sifat fisika dan kimia bahan kimia yang dimaksud (Physical and
chemical properties). AAtau data2 flash p[oint bisa didapat dari Internet (sekarang sangat
gampang mencari data2 yang kita butuhkan melalui internet bukan?)

Kalau aturan sih khusus aturan lokal PP 74/2001 dan Permenaker 187/1999 yg saya sebut di
bawah ini. Tapi tidak spesifik hanya memuat tentang kewajiban menyediakan MSDS dari B3 yang
kita tangani, dan permenaker 187/1999 penyediaan MSDS dan Label merupakan salah cara
pengendalian B3 di tempat kerja. Untuk titik nyala (flash point) tentu berbeda-beda setiap bahan
kimia yang mudah terbakar (flammable).

contoh:

Low Flash Point Chemicals

The following table lists some of the most common organic chemicals with low flash points (below
32 C), as measured by the Closed Cup method. These chemicals present a notable fire risk, which
must be taken into account when planning work involving them. (Of course many other chemicals
have similarly low flash points - this list includes just some of the more common ones.)

Chemical

Flash Point (oC)

Acetaldehyde

-38

Acetone

-18

Acetonitrile
6

Acetyl chloride

Acrylonitrile

Allyl iodide

<21

Benzene

11

Butyl alcohols

24-29

Carbon disulfide

-30

Chloromethane

<0

Cyclohexane

-20

1,2-Dichloroethane

13
Diethylamine

<-26

Diethyl carbonate

25

Diethyl ether</>

-45

Dioxan

12

Ethanol

12

Ethyl acetate

-4

Ethyl acrylate

16

Ethyl chloroformate

16

Ethyl formate

-20

Hexane
-23

Methanol

10

4-Methylpentan-2-one

17

Piperidine

16

Propan-2-ol

12

Pyridine

20

Tetrahydrofuran

-17

Toluene

Triethylamine

-7

Vinyl acetate

-8
=============================================================

Flash Point Definition

Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the
surface of the liquid. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material.
For example, gasoline has a flash point of -40 degrees C (-40 F) and is more flammable than
ethylene glycol (antifreeze) which has a flash point of 111 degrees C (232 F).

A closely related and less common term is fire point, the temperature at which the flame becomes
self-sustained so as to continue burning the liquid (at the flash point, the flame does not need to be
sustained). The fire point is usually a few degrees above the flash point.
====================================================

The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable
mixture in air. At this temperature the vapor may cease to burn when the source of ignition is
removed. A slightly higher temperature, the fire point, is defined as the temperature at which the
vapor continues to burn after being ignited. Neither of these parameters are related to the
temperatures of the ignition source or of the burning liquid, which are much higher. The flash point
is often used as one descriptive characteristic of liquid fuel, but it is also used to describe liquids
that are not used intentionally as fuels.

The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable
mixture in air. At this temperature the vapor may cease to burn when the source of ignition is
removed. A slightly higher temperature, the fire point, is defined as the temperature at which the
vapor continues to burn after being ignited. Neither of these parameters are related to the
temperatures of the ignition source or of the burning liquid, which are much higher. The flash point
is often used as one descriptive characteristic of liquid fuel, but it is also used to describe liquids
that are not used intentionally as fuels.

============

Untuk hydrogen misalnya seperti di bawah ini:

Periodic Table of Elements

Element Hydrogen - H
Comprehensive data on the chemical element Hydrogen is provided on this page; including scores
of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Hydrogen. Common
chemical compounds are also provided for many elements. In addition technical terms are linked to
their definitions and the menu contains links to related articles that are a great aid in one studies.
Using the "Periodic Table of Elements Quick Navigation" graphic at the bottom of the sidebar
menu, one can quickly jump from chemical element to chemical element.
Hydrogen Menu

Hydrogen Page One

Overview of Hydrogen
Hydrogen's Name in Other Languages
Atomic Structure of Hydrogen
Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
Physical Properties of Hydrogen
Regulatory / Health
Who/When/Where/How
Hydrogen Page Two

Nuclides / Isotopes
Potential Parent Nuclides
Hydrogen Page Three

Common Chemical Compounds of Hydrogen

Overview of Hydrogen

Atomic Number:1
Group: 1
Period: 1
Series: Nonmetals
Hydrogen's Name in Other Languages

Latin: Hydrogenium
Czech: Vodík
Croatian: Vodik
French: Hydrogéne
German: Wasserstoft - r
Italian: Idrogeno
Norwegian: Hydrogen
Portuguese: Hidrogênio
Russian:
Spanish: Hidrógeno
Swedish: Väte
Atomic Structure of Hydrogen

Atomic Radius: 0.79Å

Atomic Volume: 14.4cm3/mol
Covalent Radius: 0.32Å
Cross Section (Thermal Neutron Capture)a/barns: 0.3326
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal

Electron Configuration:

1s1
Electrons per Energy Level: 1
Shell Model

Ionic Radius: 0.012Å

Filling Orbital: 1s1
Number of Electrons (with no charge): 1
Number of Neutrons (most common/stable nuclide): 0
Number of Protons: 1
Oxidation States: 1
Valence Electrons: 1s1

Electron Dot Model

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen

Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.037605g/amp-hr

Electron Work Function:
Electronegativity: 2.2 (Pauling); 2.2 (Allrod Rochow)
Heat of Fusion: 0.05868kJ/mol
Incompatibilities:

metals, oxidizing materials, metal oxides, combustible materials, halogens, metal salts, halo
carbons
Ionization Potential

First: 13.598
Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 1200
Physical Properties of Hydrogen

Atomic Mass Average: 1.00794

Boiling Point: 20.418K -252.732°C -422.918°F
Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: N/A
Conductivity

Electrical:
Thermal: 0.001815 W/cmK
Density: 0.0899g/L @ 273K & 1atm
Description:

Tasteless, colorless, odorless and extremely flammable gas.

Enthalpy of Atomization: 217.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C
Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.059 kJ/mole
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 0.449 kJ/mole
Flammablity Class: Highly flammable gas

Auto Ignition Temp: 773K 500°C 932°F

Explosive Limits

Lower (LEL): 17%

Upper (UEL): 56%

Flammable Limits

Lower (LFL): 4%
Upper (UFL): 75%

Flash Point: 20K -253°C -423°F

Theoretical (there are no oxidizing materials i.e. oxygen in the gas state at this temperature, which
is necessary to support combustion.)
Freezing Point: see melting point
Heat of Vaporization: 0.44936kJ/mol
Melting Point: 14.175K -258.975°C -434°F

Molar Volume: 14.1 cm3/mole

Optical Refractive Index: 1.000132 (gas) 1.12 (liquid)
Physical State (at 20°C & 1atm): Gas
Realitive Gas Density (Air=1) = 0.0694
Specific Heat: 14.304J/gK
Vapor Pressure = 1570mmHg@-250°C
Regulatory / Health

CAS Number

1333-74-0 Compressed gas

UN/NA ID and ERG Guide Number

UN1049 / 115 Compressed gas

UN1966 / 115 Refrigerated liquid
RTECS: MW8900000
NFPA 704

Health: 1
Fire: 4
Reactivity: 0
Special Hazard:
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

No limits set by OSHA

OSHA PEL Vacated 1989

No limits set by OSHA

NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
No limits set by NIOSH
Levels In Humans:
Note: this data represents naturally occuring levels of elements in the typical human, it DOES NOT
represent recommended daily allowances.

Blood/mg dm-3: n/a

Bone/p.p.m: n/a
Liver/p.p.m: n/a
Muscle/p.p.m: n/a
Daily Dietary Intake: n/a
Total Mass In Avg. 70kg human: n/a
Who / Where / When / How

Discoverer: Henry Cavendish

Discovery Location: London England
Discovery Year: 1766
Name Origin:

Greek: hydro (water) and genes (generate)

Abundance of Hydrogen:

Earth's Crust/p.p.m.: N/A

Seawater/p.p.m.: N/A
Atmosphere/p.p.m.: N/A
Sun (Relative to H=1E12): 73
Sources of Hydrogen:

Found chiefly combined with oxygen in the form of water, also found in mines and oil & gas wells.
Stars contain a virtually unlimited supply hydrogen and in the universe, hydrogen is the most
abundant element (hydrogen makes up 73% of the mass of the visible universe). Annual world
production of hydrogen is around 350,000,000,000 cubic meters.
Uses of Hydrogen:

Hydrogen's uses include: being used in the production of ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen chloride and
hydrogen bromide; the hydrogenation of vegetable oils; hydrocracking, hydroforming and
hydrofining of petroleum; atomic-hydrogen welding; instrument-carrying ballons; fuel in rockets;
and cryogenic research. Its two heavier isotopes, deuterium (D) and tritium (T), are used
respectively for nuclear fission and fusion. Also used in fuel cells for electric cars and other electric
machines/devices.
Additional Notes:

[Last update: 2/22/2007]

Adhia "James" Utama

Mas Agus,

Untuk flash point limitation dari semua chemical yang dipergunakan/diperjualbelikan ada dalam
MSDS section physical properties.
Untuk standardnya (mandatory) yang saya tau adalah OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.106 yang
mengharuskan standard (pengetessan) yang dilakukan adalah satu diantara dua standard ASTM:
ASTM D-56-70 dan ASTM D-93-71.

Mudah2an menjawab pertanyaan anda. Terima kasih.

muh.agus.alfiani@exxonmobil.com

Pak Adhia,

Terima kasih atas informasinya.

Saya akan coba cari panduan di internet atau sumber lainnya.