Anafis Alat Indera 02122018
Anafis Alat Indera 02122018
SISTEM PENGINDERAAN
Anterior
segment
(cavity)
Lens
Pupil
Palpebral
fissure
Lacrimal
caruncle
Lateral Medial
commissure commissure
(canthus) (canthus)
Iris Sclera
(covered by
Eyelid conjunctiva)
(a)
Excretory ducts
of lacrimal gland
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal canaliculus
Nasolacrimal duct
Inferior meatus
of nasal cavity
Nostril
Levator palpebrae
superioris muscle
Orbicularis
oculi muscle
Eyebrow
Tarsal plate
Palpebral
conjunctiva
Tarsal
glands
Cornea
Palpebral
fissure
Eyelashes
Bulbar
conjunctiva
Conjunctival
sac
Orbicularis
oculi muscle
(b)
Trochlea
Controlling cranial
Name Action nerve
Lateral rectus Moves eye laterally VI (abducens)
Medial rectus Moves eye medially III (oculomotor)
Superior rectus Elevates eye and turns it medially III (oculomotor)
Inferior rectus Depresses eye and turns it medially III (oculomotor)
Inferior oblique Elevates eye and turns it laterally III (oculomotor)
Superior oblique Depresses eye and turns it laterally IV (trochlear)
(c)
Internal
External (inner) ear
Middle
(outer) ear (labryinth)
ear
Auricle
(pinna)
Helix
Lobule External
acoustic
meatus
Pharyngotympanic
Tympanic membrane
(auditory) tube
(a)
External Cochlear
acoustic nerve
meatus
Cochlea
Tympanic
membrane
Oval window
(deep to stapes)
Pharyngotympanic
Internal (auditory) tube
(b) jugular vein Round window
Anterior
Temporal
bone
Modiolus
Cochlear nerve,
division of the
vestibulocochlear
Oval nerve (VIII)
window
Spiral ganglion
Osseous
spiral lamina
Vestibular
(a) Round window membrane
Cochlear duct
Helicotrema
(scala media)
Tectorial Vestibular
membrane membrane
Cochlear duct
(scala media) Scala
vestibuli
Spiral
Stria ganglion
vascularis
Spiral
organ
(of Corti) Osseous
Scala spiral
Basilar tympani lamina
membrane
(b)
Tectorial
membrane
Inner hair cell
Afferent nerve
Hairs (stereocilia) fibers
Outer hair cells
Supporting
cells
Fibers of
cochlear
nerve
Basilar
membrane
(c)
• ..
Sound: source and propagation
Area of
compressed
molecules
Area of
rarefaction
Wavelength
Air pressure
Crest
Trough
(a) (b)
Time Amplitude
(c)
Air
External Malleus, incus, Fluids in cochlear canals
Tympanic Oval
Pinna acoustic stapes
membrane window Upper and middle Lower
meatus (ossicles)
Pressure
Time
Spiral organ
One Amplitude Amplification
(of Corti)
vibration in middle ear
stimulated
Pembengkokan rambut sel sel reseptor organ korti sewaktu pergerakan membran
basilaris menyebabkan perubahan posisi rambut-rambut tersebut dalam kaitannya
dengan membrana tektorial diatasnya tempat rambut rambut tersebut terbenam
Stapes
Scala Cochlear
vestibuli nerve
Oval Perilymph
window
Medial
geniculate
body of
thalamus
Primary auditory
cortex in temporal lobe
Inferior colliculus
Lateral lemniscus
Superior olivary
nucleus (pons- Midbrain
medulla junction)
Cochlear nuclei
Vibrations Medulla
Vestibulocochlear
Vibrations nerve
Spiral ganglion
of cochlear nerve
Bipolar cell
Spiral organ
(of Corti)
Nasal
Cribriform plate
conchae
of ethmoid bone
Filaments of
olfactory nerve
Route of Lamina propria
Olfactory
inhaled air connective tissue
gland
Axon
Basal cell
Olfactory receptor
Olfactory cell
epithelium Supporting cell
Dendrite
Mucus Olfactory cilia
Route of inhaled
air containing odor
molecules
Green:Bowman’s
gland cell
• Manusia dpt membedakan berbagai macam bau,
bukan karena memiliki banyak reseptor pembau,
tetapi mempunyai suatu kemampuan yang
ditentukan oleh prinsip komposisi
Taste fibers
of cranial Gustatory
nerve hair
Epiglottis
Taste
pore
Palatine tonsil
Connective
tissue
Basal
Fungiform (b) Taste bud
cells
(a) papillae
(d)
Gustatory
cortex
(in insula)
Thalamic
nucleus
(ventral
posterior
Pons medial
nucleus)
Solitary nucleus
in medulla oblongata
Facial
nerve (VII)
Vagus
Glosso- (nerve X)
pharyngeal
nerve (IX)