16 TENSES

No Fungsi, Rumus, dan Contoh Kalimat Tense

Simple Present Tense

Rumus:

S + verb-1

Penggunaan:

Simple present tense untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi

pada saat sekarang ini.

Contoh Kalimat:

We agree with the speaker’s opinion.

(Kami setuju dengan opini pembicara.)

She is so beautiful.
(Dia sangat cantik.)

1 Soal Simple Present Tense

2 Present Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + am/is/are + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung

sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan.

Contoh Kalimat:

I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

(Saya sedang menyetir mobil ke Bandung sekarang.)

The buses are arriving in an hour.

(Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.)
 Soal Present Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense

Rumus:

S + have/has + past participle (verb-3)

Penggunaan:

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi

yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di
masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Contoh Kalimat:

I’ve read this book.

(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)

I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.

(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.)

4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + have/has + been + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Present perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada
suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut
sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada
relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Contoh Kalimat:

The toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour.

(Balita-balita itu telah bermain bola selama satu jam.)

The construction labors are thirsty since they have been removing the scaffoldings.
 Simple Past Tense

Rumus:

S + verb-2

Penggunaan:

Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.

Contoh Kalimat:

The party started at 10.00 a.m.

(Pesta dimulai jam 10 pagi.)

5 Soal Simple Past Tense

Past Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + was/were + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang

terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh Kalimat:

The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

(Tim bermain basket sepanjang hari kemarin.)

7 Past Perfect Tense

Rumus:

S + had + past participle (verb-3)

 Penggunaan:

Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik
di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Contoh Kalimat:

When he came last night, the cake had run out.

(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)

Soal Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + had + been + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi (dengan

durasi waktu tertentu) telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu dimasa lalu.

Contoh Kalimat:

The labors had been demonstrating for an hour when the manager came.

(Pekerja telah berdemonstrasi selama satu jam ketika manager datang.)

8 Soal Past Perfect Continuous Tense

9 Simple Future Tense

Rumus:

S + will + bare infinitive

S + be (is/am/are) + going to + bare infinitive)

Penggunaan:

Simple future tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi dimasa depan,
secara spontan atau terencana.
 Contoh Kalimat:

You will win the game.

(Kamu akan memenangkan permainan tersebut.)

I am going to meet him tomorrow.

(Saya akan menemuinya besok.)

Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + will + be + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Future continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang akan sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Contoh Kalimat:

He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

(Dia akan sedang tidur pada jam 10 malam.)

10

11 Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

S + will + have + past participle (verb-3)

Penggunaan:

Future perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai

pada suatu titik waktu di masa depan.

Contoh Kalimat:

At this time next month, I’ll have finished my English course.

(Pada waktu yang sama bulan depan, saya akan telah menyelesaikan kursus bahasa
 Inggris.)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + will + have + been + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Future perfect continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi akan sudah

berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu di masa depan.

Contoh Kalimat:

The cat will have been sleeping long when you get home.

(Kucing itu telah lama tidur ketika kamu pulang.)

12 Soal Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Simple Past Future Tense

Rumus:

S + would + bare infinitive

Penggunaan:

Simple past future tense untuk menyatakan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan,

membuat prediksi, dan membuat janji di masa depan pada saat berada dimasa lalu.

Contoh Kalimat:

He would forgive you.
(Dia akan memaafkanmu.)

13 Soal Simple Past Future Tense

14 Past Future Continuous Tense

Rumus:
 S + would + be + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Past future continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan aksi
atau situasi imajiner yang sedang berlangsung apabila unreal condition-nya
terpenuhi (present continuous conditional ~ conditional sentence type 2 dengan
continuous tense).

Contoh Kalimat:

I would be attending the conference if I was in Jakarta.

(Saya akan sedang menghadiri konferensi tersebut jika saya ada di Jakarta.)

Fakta:

but I’m not in Jakarta  (tapi saya tidak di Jakarta)

Past Future Perfect Tense

Rumus:

S + would + have + past participle (verb-3)

Penggunaan:

Past future perfect tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi yang tidak terjadi di masa
lalu (conditional sentence type 3).

Contoh Kalimat:

If you had saved your jewelry and foreign currency in a safety deposit box,

they wouldn’t have gone.
(Jika kamu telah menyimpan perhiasan dan mata uang asingmu di safety deposit
15 box, mereka tidak akan hilang.)

16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Rumus:

S + would + have + been + present participle (-ing)

Penggunaan:

Past future perfect continuous tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk
menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi imajiner sedang berlangsung pada titik tertentu
atau selama periode tertentu di masa lampau (perfect continuous conditional
~ conditional type 3dengan continuous)

Contoh Kalimat:

If his Visa had been approved, he would have been working abroad for a week.
(Jika visa dia telah disetujui, dia akan telah bekerja selama seminggu.)

Fakta:

but his Visa wasn’t approved (tapi Visa-nya tidak disetujui)

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question social function Signal Words

Simple A: He speaks. action in the present taking always,

Present N: He does not speak. place regularly, never or several
Q: Does he speak? times every …,

facts never,

actions taking place one after normally,

another often,
action set by a timetable or seldom,
schedule
sometimes,

usually
if sentences type I (If
I talk, …)

Present A: He is speaking. action taking place in the at the moment,

continuous N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking
Q: Is he speaking? just,
action taking place only for a
limited period of time just now,

action arranged for the future Listen!,

Look!,

now,

right now

this time

at present

Simple Past A: He spoke. action in the past taking yesterday,

N: He did not speak. place once, never or several
Q: Did he speak? times 2 minutes ago,

actions taking place one after in 1990,

another the other day,
 action taking place in the middle last Friday
of another action if sentence type II (If
I talked, …)

Past A: He was speaking. action going on at a certain time while,

continuous N: He was not speaking. in the past
Q: Was he speaking? as long as
actions taking place at the same
time

action in the past that is

interrupted by another action

Present A: He has spoken. putting emphasis on the result already,

Perfect N: He has not spoken.
Simple Q: Has he spoken? action that is still going on ever,

action that stopped recently just,

finished action that has an never,

influence on the present
not yet,
action that has taken place once,
never or several times before the so far,
moment of speaking till now,

up to now

Present A: He has been speaking. putting emphasis on the course or all day,
Perfect N: He has not been speaking. duration (not the result)
continuous Q: Has he been speaking? for 4 years,
action that recently stopped or is
still going on since 1993,

finished action that influenced the how long?,

present the whole week

Past A: He had spoken. action taking place before a already,

Perfect N: He had not spoken. certain time in the past
Simple Q: Had he spoken? just,
sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect progressive never,

putting emphasis only on not yet,

 the fact (not the duration) once,

until that day

if sentence type III (If
I had talked, …)

Past A: He had been speaking. action taking place before a for,
Perfect N: He had not been speaking. certain time in the past
continuous Q: Had he been speaking? since,
sometimes interchangeable with
past perfect simple the whole day,

putting emphasis on the duration all day

or course of an action

Future I A: He will speak. action in the future that cannot be in a year,
Simple N: He will not speak.  influenced
Q: Will he speak? next …,
spontaneous decision
tomorrow
assumption with regard to the If-Sat Type I (If you ask
future her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think,
probably, perhaps

Future I A: He is going to speak. decision made for the future in one year,
Simple N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak? conclusion with regard to the next week,
(going to) future
tomorrow

Future I A: He will be speaking. action that is going on at a certain in one year,
continuous N: He will not be speaking. time in the future
Q: Will he be speaking? next week,
action that is sure to happen in the
near future tomorrow

Future II A: He will have spoken. action that will be finished at a by Monday,
Simple N: He will not have spoken. certain time in the future
Q: Will he have spoken? in a week

Future II A: He will have been action taking place before a for …,
continuous speaking. certain time in the future
N: He will not have been the last couple of hours,
 speaking. putting emphasis on the course of all day long
Q: Will he have been an action
speaking?

Conditional A: He would speak. action that might take place if sentences type II

I Simple N: He would not speak. (If I were you, I would
Q: Would he speak? go home.)

Conditional A: He would be speaking. action that might take place  

I N: He would not be speaking.
continuous Q: Would he be speaking? putting emphasis on
the course/ duration of the action

Conditional A: He would have spoken. action that might have taken place if sentences type III
II Simple N: He would not have spoken. in the past (If I had seen that,
Q: Would he have spoken? I would have helped.)

Conditional A: He would have been action that might have taken place  
II speaking. in the past
continuous N: He would not have been
speaking. puts emphasis on
Q: Would he have been the course / duration of the
speaking? action