So LAPORAN RAE TIEOM FF ENOMENA BAHAN UJI TARIE 4 peed Ei eet vet c : Disoson Okb 2 Namo 1 Devi Sopoeron Beats No/Nim £ USA (B-O.1F _ Kalo: Li M6 2A — ____Kelompok ik = — PROGRA STUD?) “SARJANA TERAPAN TEENIE MESA — PROPUES) DAN PERAWATAN dt AN TEENIE MESIN eas _ POLITEL NIE NEGERI SEMARANG TAHUN 2019720 |___ BAB TT __PENDAHOLUVAN ts — Stinks lagynna_nneenfastfa sige Sift tes tertentu Yyorg = sib edoken ates Sifet ssh melonit, thermal don Lorasig. ae Sebi secur yong, penking deri sifot tercebct cdolol $i foe ___ —____metonit. Sigot mekanik terdici dori beleton, beberosax, Leet, —tebvoten, don _betorgguhan (CR, Gedrey, 2002.). Sifot mebenit __ —____merupaben Sob soto _acuon untick melotc ten proses —___ hadep Scnte moterial - Salah tert Cope creck Pang ers siyot_mekonit adebh dengan melbketon «ji tor i me. bekwoten Santy moferio!. Sifot __ tori meterio: gp ihaan Seles (etna thence Ag _ an panterial, Kontrol Lunlites, don betes clesaia (Wolderonbee - don Tan, 2004) _ Spesigitesi materia! Sering menye féokeun_sifat torik H t ——meksieneen tated mencestitean tals Rerguyions bees Loken emtk memoséiten bohar bohon memenvhi L.__+ “Spesre: ikeei_ini. Fropere! torit hoe Fis neleei 0 a aching con haben ator prone: teori plostisitos” kuna L tegprgen depot dignokion Lxeuk rmempredibe perifels L meterial dolom bentck pemuoten selein i te |b naksiat CASM Interrvtional, 2004). Polon po ion ten “tise mengnal beberapa tit: yey dobmy meerol | Sampai ptenial terscae putes. Tek -etik ini wencnclon — betes - betes cori_dori_teaonjon ry diperolel dors | meterio tersebut. Bxtes ~ betes ini ontory loin alate — |__ betes groporsional, betes wield bstos feces fetmpiip den betes dirvena oterio! putes. ste - bore injloy | _¥ery. akon epnroten Lntck_mengetahei 61fot -51 fot 7 | dimiliei olde soetu loqeum berdoterben honil Wa tori. = eat Pete ica eee a -raatteel_banlach beatik _berena tebonon moungkin closes. Qolom bal in lek “ss atte eeapngen Sh lorgkon. hahon eben bembali - i Hijo Tigo ger tele Laser depot—_____meneplam deporrras; plostis, stu edule aton bembel’ kee bentck _aslin betito stress dibilongkon Cusflionm £. Hestord, 2008). fengematen terhedep eegorgon Lorik don Teepracn pace. meoteriol nild steel ST %% —_dilokiean dengen pergujion untck mergetabe' = Medes torik clostsitos muteral, Syot €bstisites adoloh Lemempacn herd untet bembeli be bentel cwoinger bola be ng dberilen bender itu dih es _ ( S¢reje, 2202). Tingket tegorgon pra mulei_menge ee an degmmrott pesdt _ eri co _behon disebie Cecorper —_lebehnyo - Tegprcpon tonite mebsimem erg depot diéchon, eh ote material disee bedvoten corikrep CWhiliom Fe Hospord, 2005). - - — Tejuen Peek ikec a : — Mobos sca _mengetobel prosadet—uyi bo ee b- Mohosisqie mempe meni niekken doerat, €leses, dees lulu, deerah ulérmote, don coeroh prtoh. eS Mobos iss mompu member botver bebe dor perpen yangon uj! eerie 3 Mnyoat Pemujion ‘ a Haluesaio mompu_menjeesbon prosedor vji Corik berer : b. Uneck menyetohvi_bebvoton toril haben pte a hee soste meteriol memilile: _ type) berbeden pads seeierp ttik, Selingacn dopere dremallin | __perie'_petelnapy - . A. Romecen Mosh = 5. Rotosm Molo, — a Cue resale pda proved inj ypity meblkou Ne | et Tek pee epettenan berkaatede panos cileieiea et bess ponguyion didopelan dota untck mesdhiting beror teeprapn yield, —_tegpripn vlérmote, den teeprgan sat poteh (pores. eo | &_ BABIE ___LAN DASAN TEORI_ _Parguijion_torik acolah proses _penguiion des erck tif gory membecikan_ingorresi torit, kebeatan (ol don Hevleton beher lagen. Ini_menqukur bebvaton_ypra diperton nek Memecohkon spesimen baja atou plassit den Sejouh mona —_—ipesimen aka memenjorg Mencje _86ik pecohnga —__Fergujion tor jet Umumancja dolor bentl pengujion Segogon = sendaich tengion Seseai dengor Stentor seperti 150 527-4), 150 £27,5, ASTM D203}, don ASTM < 297, Pengujion tersebce meagheséltas di. te = feapropn_ afew bere gy = pecnbeles jpg pee cient unt ménereclon models tepile (ASTM Internasional, 2009), — _Fechloh goey~ terit don Ae edelah loves Perampong — aae! on_penguler CAST Internastarel, 2004). _ b. Te obser, = —_—— _ — - On tonite paaksimam (Heine sérenjth) didepinisiten —_ Sebeopi_nilat Cerémyg” dari tegmnagen telnis Kekeoten tovik a peksimum ide ginisé: dergon * - Gee Ferrets ____ ee Tagen Yield Boteny _ Redo 0 onicrcteal, Tego yield bacveh oclala’ seorge minimum epg dicotet-sebro merghosilken diskenéenyu, oe Tegan yield baash didepinisikon henge Pel Sarcen = Fr yelé brewoh = Fie faas esbes “penomparg owel bagion penqpler. CASTMES, 201%) dé Te Yrelk Atos ‘odo U3" Unioksio\, exel dor! maksimum yey dtgpbengken denn werk [lvh_yorg edole ber belonjeton fu. danger defermasiploseis. yong akon terjeds MATES, 2013). Oyjelt oes = Fyield ares Rergem Fyjeld ofos acbloh aeqe pode gield_otos den Ao adeeh (o0s perompore, ecol bagion Perper. 2. Taaprgon Fes. _ _ Fetaton srokeor, jjo didenal seberpi bekeotor peecs oceloh Co teboron demone spesimen apop| reller frobesr. ln. biosonega dicentckon tmecle speinen yor diberiken oleh oni Corie yprg — meme token lorie. tegargon —Cécpngen = Opeees = Pees — { _ Ao Sa { Dengan Fetes edcloh epee sare Specimen pees clon Ao adele’ prarewn cue! begion penter- — 2 Merve asp Eertombaben Panjang - I _ eciko goge ora menmabet secore beceobop dice topkon peels fathom Sebingeta_memicn ji “din akhmnces pots. Ploe opp 4 dieropken terhodep jomlah yore di perleos speetmen dikeret! pram bervo_apyo pemon jensen Ini odaloh hosil deri vyi torik COX ford Lombridep and RIA, 2015). - At =b1-bo ——— Berepn Li adele poniprsy abhir den be adelh pomjong awal Zz ( ‘ Dereon Fyreld buch acebh gaye gield tawoh dor Ao alebh (on elo —_— A fresantose fertombohan Fan yng Presantose fertambohon fonpra dibiteng dengen membany pecpenjorgen seteloh poroh deny Pom jours apege aca! den mengalitornga dergen 00%. Hesilmg, memilsler sotcon penn (% 1 demagn” Roms Sebeetp bogie Gre sentose pertombelen ponjsre = ee rlao% CThe Insentece for Interconecting on Fackoging Electronik Circe, 1995) i —_ ——He = Sifert Oberon spesimen bores Lompebibel_dergan 5 asyiles: resin Pergersi. Ini_adoleh Zaleh sreu spesigilos? one ene — hoje Tener atou bop lorak. Paya ini mengern erry nilee | den tronte— —__dengen begs dan teron Ini tohon beret dan “memiliti elkeposon Binge dergon dabeilrtos otey vlecan Sedeng - Bebo meriliy 2. ibee a - _ Moterial Gn OR) Ferrocs | Cose_tron: - | High Corton Steels __ Medicom corbor steels __| Low carbon Steel: Low Alley Seeel: lgco ~ 1leo Seoinless Séeel 170 ~1229| | Non Ferns] Alor Alex z 4 Chopper Alloys foo ~ $50 | | Lead Alloys [12 - 20 som Allogys. To ~ “00 Wlas-t75_ | Nickel Alloys 58-550BB Be Ra wan (6 bah) Lanabal Keri sn beep —— a — menié atau dibonyathan hngga shu cpetori normal née — cava _ memminineslkon besalaben up rundton ter pele abiboe bendisi ___ Sere rb = ey) —menyelesai ion _pfou Semun perdiion _ - — F. Penentucn kekioton luluh denpa merede gy set, cli dopa sete Caveogogis ofeu numeric Jeng bombil dor degra Lepage CeoOm = pied Of _ ——_kebotan (lbh oeos Ch, airing Mol peréorex) den tiebJnyn — ee een 9 oe _ el a ee ee a tocra y—— — oli Spesimen Pa Pe au jie peneseucongon erea_teag shiteng, reemenchi PEtscjofoten —raitinnen_tpng ditereckon, bide diperlten Peagujion lebj bniee, jiko peng fomgpa_otea luton doci_Perseproton —einieem, beeng basil peny}ie den oi olny. a aa Be ust hans dihlat len menggenakea proseduc fake _BAB JV DATA HASs)-L PRATIEOM 1 Spesimen A A. Spesimen Pememiliki Spesipibasi + * Diameter cwel = & (mm) Gogg length Co) = 30 Crm) * Rodies of gillee = 6 Crnm) 2 Panjong diometer png diperteci! = 61,5 Con) Bs Tabel Hosil Rengujion Rereomea L | Carden fone, Yield Gey Yield ICoeege | Goyer Grom) | CM) | Aeog | Bieter —[Molsimm| Paces at NY ENC 1 2400 | [4.000 | '3.800 | [4A00| 8600 2 | Heo | | 3 | 4000 fe 4 (nee 5 | R600 6 13360 | {oo a _ 7_| 13600 | | 2 | 4.080} 1 5 |meo) | lo 13400, | No | téco | a | aco | 2. Spesimen. & Oo SPe6imen B memiliké spe spits : "Diameter anal = 6 Cm) * Gage length Co) > %OGm) * Radius af gillee * 6 Crm) * Ponyrg diomecer yor superkeci\ = 61 Crom) b. Tobel Hosil Pengujton KaderL | Gayer |Gaye Yield Gage Yeld Ooge | Gage Poryong ae (mm) | cay | Atos Berich _|Moksimum| Pees | Athi re CN) “N) cy) | ayy Lom | on t aace | bao | 12800 | 17600 | 10200 | 68.75 3,95 & Ado ft | — _ _ 3 3800 | _ a _ 4 A200 | - - _ | FJ 16600] _ oo ae 6 | (7400 “shi = at [7 | row | — | 8 | I6gc0 et he | 9 | ace] a —_ y _i 10 | tle@e 2 ts Specimen. ce led va __&: Spesimen — memiliks spesipikas: Devreter aol = © Crm) ___ 2 =_so. (res) _t Rodis of sillee =_G Cmm)y 1 Rnjong dremecer yg diperkecil = _b. Tobel Rosi Rengujion benign fe Coop [Cap Yele | Copp Yelk | Gam | en) | Aes | Breech ony cu) | tt |eo_ | 2 _| 460 |} | 3 | $200 a a _ _ 4 62c| \ — | Sat 5 |. - 5 | .7200} _ _ 7 6 goco _ — 7 8 600 - oo | @ | ade | — | 3 | gor | | - — | to | 4200 | | 9400 | jogo} tt |A. Spesimen _D : - : 2. Spesimen D memilile! - + Diometer cvol ——1 Ge lenge Co) * 306 * Rabies of gillee = 6 tmm) _ + Ranjoag diameter png, dipertecil = 62 Cm) b. Tobel Hosil Penguyon keempot _ ¥ eT eee Teeyp Yet any Yi “Te ten | tes ee oN) “Oo ' G00 _| kdco 12l20DCoup |Coyo Viel Fonteney | Diormecer| _ Crm) | CN) Ages, Allie | Abbie CN) dm) | Com) _ ! (600 1260 69,5 | 3,80 __ 2 5400 | jo} — | oy) See fo - ft 4 (2600. a '5000 7 mi | _ a 6 | ise} | - _ | 7 16200 | _ _| | ah _ @ \ieeol | | oe 9 Jisecol {of ee eee I 3eco L sO: Seestien Fe - = _: Spesimen F_mempungoi Spesifibesi + + Domecer ocenl > 6 Emm) _ Goge lengeh > 30 Comm) oe — — odes of zillee > 6¢mm) + Ponspra diometer_ypra diperkec: bh Tel Hail Panjion Keenan Tey Yield | Gocy- Yelk Carp, [nie [Di ———} bo esa ee rece | ae? | ace ~ cy | GN) CN) |) | Comey | Coron 1 | 606 | t4et00_| 19200 _| exer | tose | 64,05 | 4,10 | 2 | aves {| __}| — 7 = | — | 3 | ago} fF —[ | 4 | B60 | at | | | 406 | ft an 6 (@4e0 |} - i a 7 2000 | go este a = 6 2omeo| | = — | Se | zen fof | to! | tage ff (| | tese0 | | GAT)BAB ee AN ALL Ss. PAN PEMBAHASAN \ 5p6 Spesimen A __0. Berdosorten _doto- ~dota ong didepotkon pore proksitom, moka tidopethont bev > sre Pecconaboheon Penson seleget we Sct Kurva Beban dan Perpanjangan unt Up Tat Spesimen A regi ini, omaha Lito dopat_menentkon = ferhitengan ues rompers gpetimen A___ Az l(ot 24,626 x16* _ * Garhizenge Teapryen eld Gouch sfesmenA = oyielt pote = eee Me Tet 8 * rth. a = A806 522 717,. 21,6 Fa x Me te= 468,92 Ma © Erhicergon Yield Atos Tuyen ofos = Fy fos Ke = _l4oc0 CN 2,826 17m) s4gesagecg,s &, the of fo = A45 40 Mo ° ferhicurgan Keeps Tori Mobs) rom ER. Sinn = Ae p, MPo = _!4400 C Ja» - casera "Spe 10 Fo @ = 509,55 fa # Ferhiceyn Tego Fortes TE pets FE Opes = Ac = Boon) , % , Me 5826 Sm) (Mit) 10" Fa = 304,32 Pa © Pectombehor perspra spesimen AL 2 li-te = C70,3 Umm) —61, FOr) = 8,8 Gm) © Peraentose pertombohon poujpng % = AE 100% 2 Ea Af oo) x 100% = $43 % 1,6 Comm) b. Fembahoson Perdesorkon ovolisis sthelmnyp, didepre ton tegayon yield 0t0S don bouwh spesiman Ini opiéy 49340 hha den Aig ,.22 Me. Schinege yka mangoes pode tobe! soe -sifee moteriel dt doom londesan zeori, spestmenini most pada kelomrpok lw alley steel dengan, 54 berade direréowg Aco -00 tl sera Ses direncong 460-1200 MPa, 3 aA. Spesimer © : 0. Cerdosorton dot -do®@. dideprt lan selovra probecom, mola didaptton burva gpco— pertombelon penjeng. sekogai beritce : 7 — Doeicpogile ini, moka bien tenevkon : 8 fechiéergpn vos flerompong Az wrho® a 7 “2 C3 IGP) Ore) we LEIS = B26 «107 Ort) __* Perhiewrgon 6% bewoh oy boa = Ea tenet _ he _ 2 laa&o WN), - 2,826 > (0° (ue) = 462,34 Ma 2 Perhiterpn cy otes Cy ofa = Fy 2605 "28961 "()2 Carhieurapn tank Tey pe is al gorge Moksimam Spesiren & btm = Erabs aa _ Ko = 17.600, elo Zoee nich) Noe IA ha , =_ 622,79 Mf £. Ver hitronr te Pees > Trees = Fptes Ao = lo.2000N) Fa, Mla 2610 7) Nia (0a = 360,93 MPa 7 2 Perhiéurgor Fertombahen fonjorg AL =Li-le = (60,7564) mm 2,250) _ + Persento 400 ~1158._M& dv Tes = 5$o —l64o Me... Sehingte.. Speaimen Ini_mosck door Lelompok high Corkon Stee). — ifn > Speci Ca coil ae Se rue zi Pee ban dote-cdoto yong di depaat eon Sabre prtitern poka didopethon lurve _dpyp - Pertambohon genieng Sebage: boehilt a a ea HKURVA BEBAN DAN PERPANJANGAN UNTUK nL TARIK SPESIMEN C Reet opopie ini don dete -coto, rete Leta bpot menentcken * © Rechiéengpn loos penomporg Ao re = CxO) Om), MO Pim = 2,26 «10% Cm) , Perhrecngon wy bocwoh Tey bowls = Eg feol Bioo (8), fa_ » fe 2,026 (0% WR) Xm (Oo = 304,32 Mla © Pechitengon sy 00s ae Ty fos > Ey etes scien esa eters te Ao “7,026 x10 °G*) Mle lof fa 231,40 MPa pe A Bchieengun Teqongen Tork mebsiriam _ Temes = prs Ao TE a ra Le el ” Beery ate Eb 80 bee GAT)° erhiterger Teopirgen Fetes ops 2 Ehes ° = 2420 ON), fe ae Pa, tot Fa 21826 M07 CY) Nf 7 = 2614 Mfa ° Verhi Pertambehon pn St “> bi to are = C1108 - 64,25) rm 14,83 + % ac » ‘eroentose gertombehon pupyg > Fo (00% ~ & ” = BSP x lOO - =21 87 % b. Pemrbohosan - Perdocarten analisss peridenga jenisajents be 250— 395 MPa den Ges [Gen 7 445-580 MPa. Schnee Sperimen tni dtaplongton sebagai low cerfon sevel A. Spesimer DP. a didopotton seloma praéi tem, 0. berdesorton detoa- deta yorg, role dedopetton kurv opye — pet eembolen ponjory sekege! beriter : ais KURVA BEBAN DAN PERPANIANGAN UNTUK UJ TARIK SPESIMEN DDorr arogie don doto -doro drotoc, Lido cope merentclon : * Perhieuyen loos ferompeng As trot 5 Canto)! Cow), es = 2,026 to Cn) é Reehvec ureck Ve Veld Rauah oy tach > bec" 4 + deo(\)— . fa, Mfa 2)826% (7m) Nin (0% Fa >GO2 5 MPa . Perhitergen Weld Atos OY ofo5 = Ey etos Bo ~ t4acocny yg fa, fa 2926 KOT) Np OE f > SOAs ME ° Ferhiecrgon Tegpngon Torile mobsinum fe meks < Evokes ° > 1abe0 ON) =e fu Ma 7526 KOPP) New ~ OG > 6,64 MPa ° Por heongon Teaprgon Ras ops = apes. ae > ease cN) x fa, elle ~ 9,626 % 15 F (me) Mer OP = 72, 6% Pir @ Per hie Pertomboheon penjeng At =lLi-lo = Cb, 84-62) pyr _ = 78a mm * Percentore pereombhon penyeng oS x (20% te 2802 coh . 62 Cmmy es GaD. Pembehoson Berdesorton ono lens perhiécrgan jens —jenis tegongen fete lLmincpy, didopotten nilai ~eqargen yield oto don Yiekd Woah beer 569,55 Tho der 5O2,5 MR. sere feyrom metsimomnge odolah sit, 63 MPo. dite Heo mengow peto Fabel sifoe bolo di bndeson feori, Moke ronge Bield don £5 Yong piling mendekast adoloh mille bow alles seeel Ty = 400-l100 Coo) den Sis = Abo ~ 120 MPe. Sekingga, specimen ini digolongton Athodai low alloy _oeee! a 5. Spesimen E oe Perdesor ton dose kata _yong, didoeeken abn procikee, le did pt on burve apy = perévebohon penjang sebagai here: KURVA BEBAN DAN PERPANJANGAN UNTUK UJI TARIK SPESIMEN & Yori apopik don dote - dota. fodo_cobel sebdumnope » rote kite menenévtor : = ~ _* Rerhitergqon bey pemanperg A= trot ees a SIT CentOS (met) (Fe). Pechigergon Tegergen Yield o€o5 Ty oes = Fy ots Ro = I2,600(N) qa» Mla Ne - 2,826~ (0-5 Ot Me Io Py =A2, 43 MPa Perbieeraen eet Ty bah . J vino eu x& , dife = Bate we) Nin ™ 10" fo a = 438,90 Ma + Perhieengen ergo Tepaon Torte. moksimom TE roks xe ° = ace en) oO = Bor6 xO (nr) = 500,45, Min __ + Rechieengon Tegpngen poten Tees 5 cae gece CH) Pax PP = Bax OSS Pts F Fa = 946,77 Mpa + Cechieengen Rertombohan ponjorg, 4L = ti-be - > (64,5-63 0 265 tem) + fersentore pesos pening > Ze wieo% — a = ES xlooke a _b. Pemboboson Perdesacton analises perhicergin. fears jens fegargee. yield ofos do yell buch sebesr 452,4% Pe don 4588 MPa. Séré> Tem odeloh 500,%% MPa. dike Leo menace der Gobel siget Pohon, pedo lordegen teari_nokn ronde Ty. dan 5t5 ypry mandelaci odeicl milk heh carbon Ste! dengen oy 2 460-158 rls doa TES = 50~ toto Pa. Seni ngeya gpesimen_ini adolh termmatck har Corbon Séeel CDG- Specie F O Perdetorton dota -doea yoy didopreton seloma prote/tom eng didepotton lurve ego ~ pertombohon amyorg sehogpi ike, KURVA BEBAN DAN PERPANJANGAN UNTUK UII TARIK SPESIMEN F Deri ofogile den dove dota pate Sobel sckelemng, rota kice WMenenétan * *Yerhierrgon ues panompengy A = Itt" EIT OO) OF) > % 826 wip? We) _ * Rrhieenepr Kaegon Yield 05 dy aes = Fsee - sae M) , fee Me = 4,926 "OF ln) Mo? oF oo 7686,50 ko moraine ean ° Perhitungon Teapaaton NG veel Rauch - _ Oy bavoh = i feset oe > [azo cw), fe, Pte a Bore rte) Mie UP fe =674,d0 MPa + Rrhitugen oe works fe Seroks 5 Emeks -- ~ Ae.= 20400N) Mia 2.02610 crt) * Pm ~ WOR 7 Yerhiergon Tegngem ots = Eves S puss = Ao = @CoWN) te, MPa 20% KOF HY Nar lob = = 554)1 Mfo + Fer eombolbon Yonyong AL= Li -bo = (64,05 >) mm > G05 mm Zu + oreenboxe Feréombohon Porgong > SK xleo% = eae 4c leo te ounmm™ = 6% b. Pembaboton —_ - : Rerdosorten analisis perhritengen jenis-jenrs tegorgrn Yield ots den yield tek pene Dewi £01 675,4 Mio sereo Cem = 452, 43 fila. Jiker Elen menpin poe Gebel scfoe Wher pele _lanclrsaa Elori-, male Tonge Ty den eo yng Mmerdeleti adoloh high corbon Stee! denen Ty = 460 -'98 Me den FES = 550 —lé40 wifo . aehindop Spesrmen ini termes Wah Corbon Stee!BAB UI — PENUTUP Is Kesrepclon - _ Berdosor ton onclisis den perhtergen yy celah diloketen, Wola didepoeber bebern Per keqrmnplon: 1 Soran A cermonk bedlan low alloy séeel- - Spammer & Cermonk ve clan bah alloy suet. _ . Spesrmen < Ceromork le dobm lo alloy steel. Spesiven D terms te down low alley Stel. Spesimen E Cermosle le dolom high alley Ste). Spesimen F tarmosue be Clon kigh allay S¢eel. eX awh_ DAF TAR. PUS TALA. . + Design Led. 6ronka. Matereal Froperey Vota _tor Eng ree- Moteri Cambridge : Grenéa. Design Limited ed _ Eg (EBM, ASTM. Internation! .20(2 - Stancdord Tese Mechabs - Tension Tései lb. Wesé Censho- ae hacken : ASTM interno ol. + Ineernogemal, ASTM. 2004: Seoncked tess Methods gor Tension Teseing of Metollic Moterials 256 Conshoheckon: ASTM _Inéernoeionol. a + Internetional, ASM, 2004. Chapter |: ion_t0 Fen a - Oho, USA : ASM _Internosional.__ — }——* | REA ard. Orford Combridde- 2015 Unit 22 Science _for_En-— gineering, LO# : Uncterstemd Froperties of [oterials » force pe xtensi0n Graphs. Combridage * Oxryord— Combralge and PSA + The Instites of Interconnecting and [ee kaging” E leceronie Loi (Pe). [4gs. IK -TM-4 Test eg. _ (oneal. Pa tt Willora F., Hespord. 00s. Mechanical Behaviour of (ter. als. Combredge Cambridge Oniversity Press + Wellesenbet, E. dea H Ton. 2004. 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