Research Project
Controlling
Monitor, compare, revise, action
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 13
Project Planning,
Scheduling, and Controlling
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1
Budgets
Delayed activities report
Slack activities report
CPM/PERT
Gantt charts
Milestone charts
Cash flow schedules
Figure 3.1
Human Quality
Resources Marketing Finance Design Production
Mgt
Project 1 Project
Manager
Mechanical Test
Technician
Engineer Engineer
Project 2 Project
Manager
Electrical Computer
Technician
Engineer Engineer
Figure 3.2
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
Project 4
Time
J F M A M J J A S
Design
Prototype
Test
Revise
Production
C dan D tidak
A C dapat dmulai A C
(d) hingga A, B
selesai
B D B D
B dan C tidak
dapat dimulai
hingga A selesai.
A B D D tidak dapat A B D
dimulai hingga B
(f) dan C keduanya Dummy
selesai. Kegiatan C
C activity
dummy
ditunjukkan
pada AOA
Figure 3.5
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 40
AON Example
Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's
Activities and Predecessors
Pendahulu
Activity Description langsung
A Membangun komponen internal —
C Membangun tumpukan A
Table 3.1
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 41
AON Network for
Milwaukee Paper
Activity A
A
(Membangun komponen internal)
Mulai
Activity B
Kegiatan B (Memodifikasi atap dan lantai)
Mulai
Figure 3.6
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 42
AON Network for
Milwaukee Paper
Activity A Precedes Activity C
A C
Start
B D
Activities A and B
Precede Activity D Figure 3.7
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 43
AON Network for
Milwaukee Paper
F
A C
E
Start H
B D G
H
1 Dummy 6 7
Activity (Memeriksa/
Menguji)
D
3 5
(Menuangkan
beton/Memasang
rangka)
Figure 3.9
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 45
Determining the Project
Schedule
Perform a Critical Path Analysis
Jalur kritis adalah jalur waktu terpanjang
yang melalui jaringan
Jalur kritis adalah waktu terpendek dalam
proyek setelah proyek itu lengkap
Penundaan di dalam jalur kritis menyebabkan
penundaan dalam proyek
Kegiatan dalam jalur kritis tidak memiliki
waktu yang slack
Latest LS LF Latest
Start 2 Finish
EF = ES + Waktu kegiatan
ES EF = ES + Activity time
Start
0 0
2 EF of B =
ES ES of B + 3
0
Start
0 of B
B
0 0 3
3
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 54
ES/EF Network for
Milwaukee Paper
A C
0 2 2 4
2 2
Start
0 0
B
0 3
2 2
Start
0 0
= Max (2, 3) D
0
3 7
B
0 3
3
4
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 56
ES/EF Network for
Milwaukee Paper
A C
0 2 2 4
2 2
Start
0 0
B D
0 3 3 7
3 4
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.11
LS = LF – Waktu kegiatan
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
13 15
0 4 2
B LS = LF
D – Activity time
G
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5 LF = EF
of Project
Figure 3.12
10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0
LF =4 Min(LS
8 of 13 15
following activity) 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.12
A C F
0 2 2 4 4 7
2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.12
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.12
Slack = LS – ES or Slack = LF – EF
A 0 2 0 2 0 Yes
B 0 3 1 4 1 No
C 2 4 2 4 0 Yes
D 3 7 4 8 1 No
E 4 8 4 8 0 Yes
F 4 7 10 13 6 No
G 8 13 8 13 0 Yes
H 13 15 13 15 0 Yes
Table 3.3
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.13
A Build internal
components
B Modify roof and floor
C Construct collection
stack
D Pour concrete and
install frame
E Build high-
temperature burner
F Install pollution
control system
G Install air pollution
device
H Inspect and test
A Build internal
components
B Modify roof and floor
C Construct collection
stack
D Pour concrete and
install frame
E Build high-
temperature burner
F Install pollution
control system
G Install air pollution
device
H Inspect and test
Activity
Time
A 1 2 3 2 .11
B 2 3 4 3 .11
C 1 2 3 2 .11
D 2 4 6 4 .44
E 1 4 7 4 1.00
F 1 2 9 3 1.78
G 3 4 11 5 1.78
H 1 2 3 2 .11
Table 3.4
15 Weeks
(Expected Completion Time)
Figure 3.15
.5 = due .69497
Z.69146 − expected.71566
date /s
.71904
p
date of completion
.6 .72575 .72907 .74857 .75175
= (16 wks − 15 wks)/1.76
15 16 Time
Weeks Weeks
Figure 3.16
Probability
of 0.99
Probability
of 0.01
2.33 Standard Z
From Appendix I deviations
0 2.33
Figure 3.17
Table 3.5
$30,000 —
Normal
Normal —
Cost
| | |
1 2 3 Time (Weeks)
Figure 3.18
Crash Time Normal Time
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc. 3 – 91
Critical Path And Slack
Times For Milwaukee Paper
A C F
0 2 2 4 4 7
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D Slack = 0 G Slack = 0
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5