Bab-Iv SPL
Bab-Iv SPL
[ ][ ] [ ]
a11 a12 a13 a14 .. . a1 n X1 b1
a21 a 22 a23 a24 .. . a2 n X2 b2
a31 a32 a33 a34 .. . a3 n X3 b
. = 3
a 41 a 42 a43 a44 .. . a4 n X4 b4
.. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . ...
an 1 an2 a n3 an 4 .. . a nn Xn bn
IV-1
B. Metoda Gauss-Jordan
Untuk menyelesaikan system persamaan linier (SPL) dilakukan dengan
menggunakan operasi baris elementer (OBE). Hasil akhir dari proses OBE
ini adalah :
[ ][ ] [ ]
1 0 0 0 ... 0 X1 m1
0 1 0 0 ... 0 X2 m2
0 0 1 0 ... 0 X 3 = m3
0 0 0 1 ... 0 X4 m4
.. . .. . . .. . .. ... 0 .. . ...
0 0 0 0 ... 1 Xn mn
; m = konstanta
Contoh Soal -1
15 A - 2 B + 3 C + 6 D = - 6
2 A + 14 B - C + 3 D = 45
-3 A + 3 B – 12 C – D =- 2
A+ B- 4 C + 9 D = 16
Secara matriks :
[ ][ ] [ ]
15 −2 3 6 A −6
2 14 −1 3 B 45
=
−3 3 −12 −1 C −2
1 1 −4 9 D 16
IV-2
Penyederhanaan bentuk matriks
¿ B1 ⇔ B4
[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
15 −2 3 6 −6 1 1 −4 9 16
2 14 −1 3 45 2 14 −1 3 45
−3 3 −12 −1 −2 −3 3 −12 −1 −2
1 1 −4 9 16 =
15 −2 3 6 −6
[ ][ ]
1 1 −4 9 16
0 12 7 −15 13
=
0 6 −24 26 46
0 −17 63 −129 −246
[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
1 1 −4 9 16 1 1 −4 9 16
0 12 7 −15 13 0 0 55 −67 −79
0 3 −12 13 23 0 3 −12 13 23
=
0 −17 63 −129 −246 =
0 −2 3 −64 −131
IV-3
[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
1 1 −4 9 16 1 0 5 60 124
0 0 55 −67 −79 0 0 55 −67 −79
0 1 −9 −51 −108 0 1 −9 −51 −108
0 −2 3 −64 −131 =
0 0 −15 −166 −347
[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
1 0 5 60 124 1 0 5 60 124
0 1 −9 −51 −108 0 1 6 115 239
0 0 55 −67 −79 0 0 −5 −731 −1467
=
0 0 −15 −166 −347 =
0 0 −15 −166 −347
[ ][ ]
1 0 0 −671 −1343
0 1 1 −616 −1228
0 0 −5 −731 −1467
0 0 0 2027 4054
® B4 : 2027
IV-4
[ ][ ]
1 0 0 −671 −1343
0 1 1 −616 −1228
0 0 −5 −731 −1467
0 0 0 1 2
[ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 −1
0 1 1 0 4
=
0 0 −5 0 −5
0 0 0 1 2
® B3 : -5 ® B2 – B3
[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 −1 1 0 0 0 −1
0 1 1 0 4
= = 0 1 0 0 3
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2
Jadi : A = -1 ; B = 3 ; C = 1 ; D = 2
IV-5
C. Metoda Cramer
[ ][ ] [ ]
a11 a12 a13 a14 .. . a1 n X 1 b1
a21 a 22 a23 a24 .. . a2 n X 2 b2
a31 a32 a33 a34 .. . a3 n X 3 b
. = 3
a 41 a 42 a43 a44 .. . a4 n X4 b4
.. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. .. . ...
an 1 an2 a n3 an 4 .. . a nn Xn bn
IV-6
b1 a12 a 13 a 14 ... a 1n
b2 a22 a 23 a 24 ... a 2n
b a32 a 33 a 34 ... a 3n
|A 1|=| 3 |
b4 a42 a 43 a 44 ... a4 n
.. . .. . . . . . .. ... .. .
bn a n2 an 3 an 4 ... ann
a11 b1 a 13 a 14 ... a 1n
a21 b2 a 23 a 24 ... a 2n
|A 2|=| a31 b3 a 33 a 34 ... a 3n |
a41 b4 a 43 a 44 ... a4 n
.. . . .. ... . .. ... .. .
an 1 bn an 3 an 4 ... ann
a11 a 12 b1 a 14 ... a 1n
a21 a 22 b2 a 24 ... a 2n
|A 3|=|a31 a 32 b3 a 34 ... a 3n |
a41 a 42 bb a 44 ... a4 n
.. . ... . .. . .. ... .. .
a n1 an 2 bn an 4 ... ann
IV-7
Nilai determinan untuk pengganti variabel Xn (kolom n)
|A1| |A2|
¿ X 1= ¿ X 2=
|A| |A|
|A3| |A n|
¿ X 3= ¿ X n=
|A| |A|
[ ][ ] [ ]
15 −2 3 6 A −6
2 14 −1 3 B 45
=
−3 3 −12 −1 C −2
1 1 −4 9 D 16
IV-8
−6 −2 3 6
45 14 −1 3
| |
−2 3 −12 −1
16 1 −4 9 20270
¿ A= = =−1
15 −2 3 6 −20270
2 14 −1 3
| |
−3 3 −12 −1
1 1 −4 9
15 −6 3 6
2 45 −1 3
| |
−3 −2 −12 −1
1 16 −4 9 −60810
¿ B= = =3
15 −2 3 6 −20270
2 14 −1 3
| |
−3 3 −12 −1
1 1 −4 9
15 −2 −6 6
2 14 45 3
| |
−3 3 −2 −1
1 1 16 9 −20270
¿ C= = =1
15 −2 3 6 −20270
2 14 −1 3
| |
−3 3 −12 −1
1 1 −4 9
IV-9
15 −2 3 −6
2 14 −1 45
| |
−3 3 −12 −2
1 1 −4 16 −40540
¿ D= = =2
15 −2 3 6 −20270
2 14 −1 3
| |
−3 3 −12 −1
1 1 −4 9
Contoh Soal :
15 A - 2 B + 3 C + 6 D = - 6
2 A + 14 B - C + 3 D = 45
-3 A + 3 B – 12 C – D =- 2
A+ B- 4 C + 9 D = 16
Solusi :
IV-11
( k +1 ) 45−2 A ( K +1 ) +C (k )−3 D( k )
B =
14
( k +1 ) −2+3 A (k +1 ) −3 B( k +1 ) + D( k )
C =
−12
( k +1 ) 16− A( k +1 )−B( k +1 ) +4 C ( k +1 )
D =
9
( 0) (0 ) (0 ) ( 0)
Asumsi untuk iterasi ke-nol (k = 0) : A =B =C =D =1
Iterasi ke- A B C D
0 1 1 1 1
IV-12
Hasil iterasi ke-5 telah sama dengan hasil iterasi ke-4, sehingga dapat
diketahui bahwa :
A = -1 ; B = 3 ; C = 1 dan D = 2
IV-13