SELAMAT DATANG

Pada Dialog Intelektual:

KEPEMIMPINAN

MENGAPA?
LEADERSHIP AND
HUMAN RESOURCE
APA?
DEVELOPMENT

BAGAIMANA?
Prof. Dr.Jalius Jama, M.Ed
Pascasarjana UNP
Prof. Jalius Jama

MENGAPA PENTING KEPEMIMPINAN

(MENJADI ORANG YANG TIDAK BIASA)
 BERBAHAGIALAH ORANG YANG
MEMILIKI PEMIMPIN YANG CERDAS

 MURAH SENYUM; SUKA MENDENGAR;

PEDULI; EMPATI; BAHASA SANTUN;
BERSAHABAT; TAMPIL RAPI; POSITIF
SENANG BELAJAR; PRESTASI
 SERTA SEHAT DAN TRAMPIL
 LANDASAN KEPEMIMPINAN
(Human Resources Dev. PROCESS)
LEADERSHIP
Accomplished
CREDIBILITY
(Learning to be)

COMMITMENT

Skilled in P
O CONSISTENT
T
Spiritual E
Ethics N CONFIDENT
Intellectual S
Emotional I
Social COMPETENT
Psychomotoric Prof. Jalius Jama
 GENERALLY PASSIVE

DEPENDENT OF OTHERS

C A
LIMITED REPERTOIRE OF WAYS

H D
ATTENTION NOT LONG AND DEEP
I U

L TIME PERSPECTIVE IS VERY SHORT L

D T
CONSIDERED TO BE SUBORDINATE

NO HABITUAL SET OF ATTITUDE

Prof. Jalius Jama

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD LEADER

 Good leaders listen (mendengar)

 Effective leaders are fair (jujur dan adil)
 Effective leaders are goal oriented (Berorientasi
pada TUJUAN)
 Effective leaders direct actions of others
(Mengarahkan teman)
 Good leaders know how to evaluate people and
programs (Mengevaluasi)
 Leaders are responsible for their own and group
(Bertanggungjawab)
 Effective leaders are skilled (Ketrampilan hidup)
 POTENSI MANUSIA
• Spiritual: Pengakuan, kedekatan dengan Tuhan, diawasi, dilin- dungi,
keberanian, kejujuran, keikhlasan. Kerja bukanlah sekadar
mencari nafkah, tetapi pengabdian kepada sesama dan
ibadah kepada tuhan
• Morality: Konsistensi terhadap nilai-nilai kebenaran, keadilan, dan
kebaikan. Tidak merugikan, mencelakakan orang lain,
jangan berdusta, tepati janji, jangan melanggar hukum,
bantulah mereka yang butuh, bersikaplah adil, usahakan
kebaikan bagi masyarakat.
• Intellectual: Kompetensi, pola pikir logika, bahasa, penget.,
pengembangan diri dan kecerdasan
• Emotional : Kepribadian, interpersonal, konsistensi, leadership,
simpati dan empati dan perilaku
• Social skill: Respek, peduli sesama, memberi makna pd kelompok sosial
• Psychomotoric: Ketrampilan kinestetis, sehat fisik, gerakan,
manual, teknologi, informasi dan komputer

Competent
 LANDASAN FILOSOFIS:
Manusia – Belajar – Ilmu - Menjadi
• Pendidikan memanusiakan manusia; dari manusia yg
belum dewasa menjadi manusia yang mandiri
• Bahwa manusia itu mempunyai “AKAL” yang harus diisi, maka
ia diperintahkan utk “BELAJAR” sepanjang hayat
• “Sesungguhnya, bila kamu menginginkan kebahagiaan di dunia,
carilah ILMU, dan bila kamu menginginkan kebahagiaan di
akhirat, carilah ILMU, dan bila kamu menginginkan keduanya,
carilah ILMU”
• Orang yang berilmu (dan mengamalkan), akan ditinggikan
derajatnya.
• “BELAJAR MENJADI WAJIB HUKUMNYA dan IBADAH”
 LIFE SKILLS: KECAKAPAN HIDUP

• BAHASA LISAN DAN TULIS

• COMMUNICATION
• PROBLEM SOLVING
• CRITICAL THINKNG
• DECISION MAKING
• CREATIVE THINKING
• INTERPERSONAL SKILL
• BERNEGOSIASI
• MENGEMBANGKAN KESADARAN DIRI
• EMPHATY
• MENGONTROL EMOSI
APAKAH KOMUNIKASI???
• KOMUNIKASI ADALAH:
BERBAGI = SALING = KESEPAKATAN
• INFORMASI – PERASAAN -
PENGALAMAN - PENGERTIAN-
TANGGUNGJAWAB–KEBERSAMAAN-
SUKSES- GAGAL
• KEMAMPUAN MENDENGAR
 (Prinsip 4) KERJA ADALAH AKTUALISASI DIRI
(Anda adalah seperti yang mampu anda wujudkan)
• Kerja keras sesungguhnya adalah aktualisasi diri, setiap ilmu baru yang
anda peroleh, merupakan alat untuk menggali (to explore) potensi (ilmu)
selanjutnya yang lebih tinggi.
• Tidak ada yang berat bila anda menemukan “makna”nya. Something has
no meaning, unless YOU put meaning on it.
• Semuanya berubah, kecuali perubahan itu sendiri. Orang sering
mengatakan sulit untuk merubah sikapnya. Padahal kelebihan manusia
dari makhluk lainnya adalah manusia mampu berubah.
• Kerjakanlah walau berat, anda akan menjadi lebih kuat. Bila anda
berhasil, maka anda pasti siap melakukan sesuatu yang lebih berat.
• Dalam kehidupan selalu ada halangan & kesulitan, kerjakan.
• Biasakan suka mengerjakan tugas yang setingkat lebih sulit
• Bersikap positif terhadap tugas yang sulit, dan akan sehat
• Aktualisasi diri justru terwujud pada pekerjaan yang sulit
• Banyak calon doktor yg tdk yakin bahwa dia juga bisa; kalau hanya
begitu, saya juga bisa. (=Berlatih intellectual skill)
• Potensi yg terbangkitkan akan menjadi modal baru untuk lebih kompeten;
mampu pada tugas yang lebih sulit
• Orang sering lupa memanfaatkan potensi (sdm/sda) sekitar
• IKHLAS MERUPAKAN KUNCI BERAT RINGANNYA TUGAS
 CURRICULUM VITAE
1. Nama: Prof. Dr. Jalius Jama, M. Ed.
2. Lahir: Bukittinggi, 5 Februari 1942
3. Pendidikan: SR (SD); SMP dan SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi
Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik Mesin: UGM dan IKIP Yogya
• Diploma:Technical Teacher,ManchesterUniversity-England
• Master of Education (M.Ed) Texas, USA
• Doctor of Philosophy, Ohio State University, USA
• Pekerjaan: Dosen Pascasarjana UNP
• Pengaaman Organisasi:
• Ketua OSIS SMAN 1 Bukittinggi
• Presiden PERMIAS(Perhimpunan Mhs Indonesia di AS
1983/87)
 MENGAPA PERLU KOMUNIKASI ???

• KOMUNIKASI MERUPAKAN SUMBER DARI

BERBAGAI PENYAKIT TETAPI SEBALIKNYA,
MENJADI OBAT BERBAGAI MACAM PENYAKIT
• MERUPAKAN CERMIN DARI POLA PIKIR; POLA
SIKAP DAN POLA PERILAKU SESEORANG
• MERUPAKAN WUJUD DARI AKTUALISASI DIRI
• KUNCI RAHASIA KEBERHASILAN SEORANG
KEPALA SEKOLAH
• HARUS DIPELAJARI DAN DIAMALKAN OLEH
KEPALA SEKOLAH

Prof. Jalius Jama

 PHILOSOPHY THEORIES PRACTICES

MEREFLEKSI
MEMAKNAI
PRACTICES
PENGALA-
PENGETA-
MAN
SCIENCE OF EDUC. HUAN
(ILMU PENDIDIKAN)
KONSEP PRINSIP

??? THE PHILOSOPHY ???

of EDUCATION
(JIWA-ROH)

???
???
??? ???
STRATEGI CARA
TRADISI

Created by
METODE
Prof. Jalius Jama
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION (ROH)

ROH/PHIL

MENDIDIK ADALAH:
RAHMAT (Tulus & Syukur)
AMANAH (Tanggungjawab)
PANGGILAN (Integritas)
BEKERJA IKHLAS
AKTUALISASI DIRI
IBADAH
SENI
KEHORMATAN
PELAYANAN
 ABILITIES OF MANAGERS AND LEADERS

 THINK: refers to the exercise of one’s mental faculties to form ideas; to

solve problems; to reach conclusions; to analyze and synthesize data;
and to reason. (cerdas dan trampil)
 SOSIALIZE: refers to ability to find a meaningful, purposeful place in
society.
 TRANSCEND: capabable of stepping beyond its immediate experience
(mampu belajar dari pengalaman)
 COMMUNICATE: not only to speak and be heard but also to listen,
comprehend, to exchange ideas among people
 SELF-AWARNESS: Know ourselves strengths and weaknesses
 VALUE: use criteria to produce decisions on the basis for
determining the difference between right or wrong as well as good
and bad.
 The Innovation as Decision Process

FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:

• Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to the
innovation and gain some understanding
• Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude
toward the innovation
• Decision: occurs when an individual engages in activities
to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
• Implementation: when individual put the innovation into
use
• Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already been made
or he/she may reverse if exposed to conflicting
messages about the innovation.
 MASALAH DAN ISSUE STRATEGIES

(2) KITA HIDUP DALAM ALAM YANG BERUBAH:

(A) Otonomi Daerah/desentralisasi:
Kesiapan – Kemampuan – Komitmen
(B) Globalisasi: Arus informasi, Politik,
Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya
(2) KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI
(3) Pergeseran nilai Masyarakat & Pengelola
(4) Komitmen: Sistem Nilai pd masyarakat moderen
 ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
There is so much interest in the diffusion of innovations:
because getting a new idea adopted, IS NOT EASY
even when it has obvious advantages,
• Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is
communicated through certain channels overtime among
members of a social system.
• Communication is a process in which participants create
and share information with one another in order to reach
a mutual understanding.
• Communication is as two way process of convergence,
rather than as a one way
 FOUR ELEMENTS IN THE
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
• The Innovation is an idea, practice or object that
is perceived as new by an individual or other unit
of adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
• Communication as the process by which
participants create and share information with
one another in order to reach a mutual
understanding
• Time is a dimension of innovation decision
process passes from knowledge to adoption or
rejection
• A Social System is defined as a set of
 ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
(Carl Rogers, 1982)
Why there is so much interest in the diffusion of
innovations is because getting a new idea adopted,
even when it has obvious advantages,
IS OFTEN VERY DIFFICULT
4. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is
communicated through certain channels overtime
among members of a social system.
5. Communication is a process in which participants
create and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding.
6. Communication is as two way process of
convergence, rather than as a one way
 CHARACTERISTICS: RATE OF
ADOPTION
(1) Relative advantage is a degree to which an innovation is
perceived better than the idea supersedes
(2) Compatibility is a degree to which an innovation is perceived
as being consistent with the existing value, past experences
and needs of potential adopters
(3) Complexity is the degree to which an innovation is perceived
as difficult to understand and use
(4) Trialability is the degree to which an innovation may be
experimented with on limited basis. New ideas that can be
tried on the installment plan will generally be adopted more
quickly than those that are not divisible
(5) Observability is the degree to which the results of innovation
are visible to others. The easier it is for individuals to see the
results of innov., the more likely they to adopt.
 ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: Venturesome
(2) Early adopters: Respectable
(3) Early moyority: Deliberate
(4) Late Majority: Skeptical
(5) Laggards: Traditional

Opinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communiation
 The Innovation as Decision Process
FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:
(2) Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to the
innovation and gain some understanding
(3) Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable
attitude toward the innovation
(4) Decision: occurs when an individual engages in
activities to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
(5) Implementation: when individual put the innovation
into use
(6) Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already been
made or he/she may reverse if exposed to conflicting
messages about the innovation.
 (Prinsip 1) KERJA ADALAH IBADAH
Persembahan diri, penyerahan, kesadaran,
pengabdian dan sungguh-sungguh
• Ibadah adalah persembahan, pemasrahan & penyerahan diri
• Mulai dengan niat, maka timbul “the great power”. Anda akan
memperoleh pahala sebesar yang anda niatkan.
• Keberhasilan seorang diukur dari “proses”; bukan “outcome”,
karena “Outcome” hanyalah akibat dari sebuah proses.
• Kebaikan anda, sekecil apapun, akan dicatat sebagai pahala,
dan akan dibalas, bisa dalam bentuk lain, pada waktu lain.
• Bantulah siapa saja, dlm bentuk apapun, sekecil apapun,
maka akan jadi ibadah anda kepada Tuhan, amal bagi
sesama. Itulah milik anda yg abadi. Menanam kebaikan di
dunia; anda akan menuai nanti di akhirat.
 (Prinsip 2) KERJA ADALAH RAHMAT
BEKERJA TULUS PENUH SYUKUR
• Apakah rahmat? Rahmat adalah kebaikan yg kita terima
tanpa syarat, tdk dikaitkan dgn prestasi dan kebaikan kita.
• Rahmat adalah anugerah, berkah yang kita terima atas
“kasih” pemberi.
• Kalau kita selalu baik dan menjadi rahmat bagi sesama,
maka kebaikan dan rahmat akan selalu bersama kita
• Tuhan yg Maha Rahman dan Maha Rahim sbg bentuk
kasih sayang
• Pada kejadian tertentu orang menamakan MUKJIZAT
• Santunan kemanusiaan sbg Rahmat Umum: Berbahasa,
beriman, mengasihi,berhati nurani, berkesenian, kreatif,
berpikir konsepsual, merasa dilindungi dan dipelihara
• Karena Tuhan maha rahman dan rahim maka kita merasa
tenang dan mampu bekerja (sbg rahmat)
• Ada orang yang tidak memahami/mengapresiasi rahmat,
dia acuh dan menganggap memang sudah begitu; tdk
bersyukur
 (Prinsip 3) MENDIDIK ADALAH AMANAH
Bekerja benar penuh tanggungjawab
• Kerja adalah titipan berharga yang dipercayakan dan terikat
secara moral. Mhs tdk belajar hanya untuk sekadar lulus ujian.
• Anak dan siswa anda adalah amanah yang dititipkan. Ilmu yang
anda miliki adalah amanah (titipan). Anda punya orang tua
yang memberi amanah, dengan doa agar anda menjadi orang
yang bermakna bagi umat.
• Anda sendiri adalah milik Sang Pencipta dan memiliki potensi,
akal sebagai amanah: spiritual, intelektual: logika, kemampuan
berpikir), berbahasa (verbal), berhitung, seni, emosional dan
kreativitas, yang dapat dikembangkan (yang juga amanah)
untuk diabdikan kepada sesama makhluk Allah.
• Kita manusia dalam melaksanakan amanah harus melakukan
yang terbaik, jujur, menjaga harkat dan martabat sebagai
makhluk yang dimuliakan.
• Manusia yang baik adalah manusia yang paling bermanfaat
bagi orang lain.
• Kemampuan menggali dan mengembangkan potensi diri
(belajar) adalah amanah.
Prof. Jalius Jama

MENGAPA PENTING KEPEMIMPINAN ?

 BISAKAH ANDA MENGINGAT KEMBALI

MASA LALU TATKALA ANDA BARU
MENJADI PNS YUNIOR;
SUATU HARI ANDA HARUS MENGHADAP
KEPALA DINAS
BAGAIMANAKAH PERASAAN ANDA ???
CEMAS BERCAMPUR GUGUP
TAKUT SALAH; TAKUT KENA MARAH???
NAH, YOU DON’T DO THAT NOW !!!
 FOUR ELEMENTS IN THE
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
(1) The Innovation is an idea, practice or object that is
perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
(2) Communication as the process by which participants
create and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding
(3) Time is a dimension of innovation decision process
passes from knowledge to adoption or rejection
(4) A Social System is defined as a set of interrelated
units that are engaged in joint problem solving to
accomplish a common goal.
 RATE OF ADOPTION
• Relative advantage is a degree to which an
innovation is perceived better than the
idea supersedes
• Compatibility is a degree to which an
innovation is perceived as being
consistent with the existing value, past
experences and needs of potential
adopters
• Complexity is the degree to which an
innovation is perceived as difficult to
understand and use
 ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: Venturesome
Opinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communication
(5) Early adopters: Respectable
(6) Early moyority: Deliberate
(7) Late Majority: Skeptical
(8) Laggards: Traditional
 APAKAH KEPEMIMPINAN ???
• Definition: Leadership as a process of influencing
the activities of an organized group in its task of
goal-setting and goal achievement

KEPEMIMPINAN ADALAH KEKUATAN (power)

MEMPENGARUHI DIRI SENDIRI DAN ORANG
LAIN/KELOMPOK UNTUK BEKERJASAMA SECARA
IKHLAS DALAM UPAYA MENCAPAI TUJUAN
BERSAMA

• Ada dua strategi manajemen:

 REACTIVE MAINTENANCE
 PROACTIVE DEVELOPMENTAL
 MENGAPA KEPEMIMPINAN ???

 BERBAHAGIALAH GURU YANG MEMILIKI

PEMIMPIN (KEPSEK) YANG PEDULI
 PENDIDIKAN ADALAH MENCIPTAKAN
SITUASI DAN KONDISI YANG
 BERSAHABAT HANGAT
MENYENANGKAN
 MENYENANGKAN= BAHAGIA
 MANUSIA = PUNYA PERASAAN
 BAGAIMANA BILA ANDA JADI PEMIMPIN?
 SEPULUH FAKTOR SEKOLAH EFEKTIF

Kepemimpinan Kesamaan
Profesional Visi, Misi dan
Tujuan
Supervisi &
Monitoring Pemberdayaan
Potensi Guru

Komite Sekolah Pemberdayaan

Dewan Pend. SEKOLAH EFEKTIF Stakeholders

Pemberdayaan
Lingkungan Potensi siswa
Internal/ekst.

Dukungan Sumber
Pemda/DPR Dana

Prof. Jalius Jama

 FUNGSI DAN PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH

MOTIVATOR ADMINISTRATOR

KEPEMIMPINAN
EDUCATOR KEP. SEKOLAH SUPERVISOR

MANAJER LEADER

INOVATOR
Eleven factors for Effective Schools
(Sammon et al, 1994)
• Professional leadership (Kepemimpinan Profesional)
• Shared vision and goals (Berbagi visi dan Tujuan)
• A learning environment (Menciptakan Lingkungan)
• Concentration on teaching and learning
• Purposeful teaching
• High expectations
• Positive reinforcement
• Monitoring progress
• Pupil rights and responsibilities
• Home-school partnership
• A learning organization
Eleven factors for Effective Organization
(Sammon et al, 1994)
• Professional leadership
• Shared vision and goals
• A learning environment
• Concentration on Tasks and People
• High expectations
• Positive reinforcement
• Monitoring progress
• Cooperative-Collaborative and partnership
• Friendship and warm environment
 TENDENCIES OF
MANAGERS AND LEADERS

• Leaders tend to be HUMAN RELATION-oriented and managers

tend to be TASK-oriented.
• Managers strive for order, but leaders tolerate ambiguty.
• Managers try to correct failures; leaders turn failures into
successes.
• Leaders inspire people, but managers depend on systems
• Managers attemp to adjust to change, but leaders attempt to
produce a change. Without change there can be no progress.

Prof. Jalius Jama

 ABILITIES OF MANAGERS AND LEADERS
AS WELL AS SUPERVISORS
 THINK: refers to the exercise of one’s mental faculties to
form ideas; to solve problems; to reach conclusions; to
analyze and synthesize data; and to reason. (cerdas dan
trampil)
 SOSIALIZE: refers to ability to find a meaningful, purposeful
place in society.
 TRANSCEND: capabable of stepping beyond its immediate
experience (mampu belajar dari pengalaman)
 COMMUNICATE: not only to speak and be heard but also to
listen, comprehend, to exchange ideas among people
 SELF-AWARNESS: Know ourselves strengths and
weaknesses
 VALUE: use criteria to produce decisions on the basis for
determining the difference between right or wrong as
well as good and bad.
 PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI SISTEM

PENGELOLA PROGRAM/
DAN GURU KURIKULUM

INPUT/ PROSES OUTPUT/

SISWA PENDIDIKAN LULUSAN

SARANA/ MANAJEMEN
FASILITAS STRATEGI

Prof.Jalius Jama
 APAKAH KONUNIKASI???

(1) Good leaders listen (mendengar)

(2) Effective leaders are fair (jujur dan adil)
(3) Effective leaders are goal oriented
(4) Effective leaders direct actions of others
(5) Good leaders know how to evaluate people
and programs
(6) Leaders are responsible for their own and
group
(7) Effective leaders are skilled
 ELEMENTS OF DIFFUSION
Why there is so much interest in the diffusion of
innovations is because getting a new idea adopted,
even when it has obvious advantages,
IS OFTEN VERY DIFFICULT
4. Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is
communicated through certain channels overtime
among members of a social system.
5. Communication is a process in which participants
create and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding.
6. Communication is as two way process of
convergence, rather than as a one way
 FOUR ELEMENTS IN THE
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
(1) The Innovation is an idea, practice or object that is
perceived as new by an individual or other unit of
adoption. If the idea for the individual, it is an
innovation
(2) Communication as the process by which participants
create and share information with one another in
order to reach a mutual understanding
(3) Time is a dimension of innovation decision process
passes from knowledge to adoption or rejection
(4) A Social System is defined as a set of interrelated
units that are engaged in joint problem solving to
accomplish a common goal.
 CHARACTERISTICS: RATE OF
ADOPTION
(1) Relative advantage is a degree to which an innovation is
perceived better than the idea supersedes
(2) Compatibility is a degree to which an innovation is perceived
as being consistent with the existing value, past experences
and needs of potential adopters
(3) Complexity is the degree to which an innovation is perceived
as difficult to understand and use
(4) Trialability is the degree to which an innovation may be
experimented with on limited basis. New ideas that can be
tried on the installment plan will generally be adopted more
quickly than those that are not divisible
(5) Observability is the degree to which the results of innovation
are visible to others. The easier it is for individuals to see the
results of innov., the more likely they to adopt.
 ADOPTER CATEGORIES
(1) Innovators: Venturesome
(2) Early adopters: Respectable
(3) Early mayority: Deliberate
(4) Late Majority: Skeptical
(5) Laggards: Traditional

Opinion Leaders
Change Agent
Communiation
 The Innovation as Decision Process
FIVE MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS:
(2) Knowledge: when an individual is exposed to the
innovation and gain some understanding
(3) Persuasion: forms a favorable or unfavorable
attitude toward the innovation
(4) Decision: occurs when an individual engages in
activities to a choice to adopt or reject the innovation
(5) Implementation: when individual put the innovation
into use
(6) Confirmation: occurs when individual seeks for
reinforcement of an decision that has already been
made or he/she may reverse if exposed to conflicting
messages about the innovation.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION (ROH)

ROH/PHIL

MENDIDIK ADALAH:
RAHMAT (Tulus & Syukur)
AMANAH (Tanggungjawab)
PANGGILAN (Integritas)
BEKERJA IKHLAS
AKTUALISASI DIRI
IBADAH
SENI
KEHORMATAN
PELAYANAN
 ILMU vs PENGETAHUAN

Metode Ilmiah/ ILMU

(konsep+prinsip)
PENELITIAN

Konsepsualisasi
(Pemahaman)
FENOMENA:
Experience
Informasi
PENGETAHUAN
Fakta To know
(knowledge)
Data
Prosedur
 6 KRITERIA KEPEMIMPINAN
INTERNAL FACTORS
• INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY SELF SIGNIFICANCE
• VITALITY (DAYA TAHAN) TRAINING (PELATIHAN)
• EXPERIENCE REPUTATION
EXTERNAL FACTORS
• ACCEPTABILITY
• TRACK RECORDS
KECERDASAN
• IQ
• EQ: self controll, patience, tekun, positive thinking
• SQ: rendah hati
TAKSONOMI TUJUAN
INSTRUKSIONAL

PSIKOMOTOR
Kognitif

Afektif

Bloom