PENGENALAN DASAR JARINGAN KOMPUTER

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CHAPTER 8

Networking
Objectives:
Define what a network means List the basic components of a data communication system Explain the different types of network configurations or topologies
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Communications
Adalah Proses yang mana dua atau lebih komputer mentransfer data, instruksi, dan informasi.

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Communication
Apa yang diperlukan untuk keberhasilan komunikasi?
Sending device initiates instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information

Communications channel media on which data, instructions, or information travel

Receiving device accepts transmission of data, instructions, or information

Communication Device
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Communication Device

Communication
Sending Device Receiving Device

Communication channels

Communication Device
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Networks (jaringan komputer)

Network
sekumpulan komputer dan peralatannya tersambung dengan kanal komunikasi Memfasilitasi komunikasi, share hardware, data dan information, software, dll
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Definisi
Jaringan komputer adalah sekumpulan peralatan komputer yang dihubungkan agar dapat saling berkomunikasi dengan tujuan membagi sumber daya (seperti file dan printer). Agar jaringan dapat berfungsi, dibutuhkan layanan-layanan yang dapat mengatur pembagian sumber daya. Dibutuhkan aturan-aturan (protocols) yang mengatur komunikasi dan layanan-layanan secara umum untuk seluruh sistem jaringan
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Mengapa Komputer Dibentuk Jaringan?

Keinginan untuk sharing Resources (Printer, Harddisk, dll) Komunikasi (Email, Chating, dll) Integrasi data pada aplikasi.

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Keuntungan Jaringan Komputer

Memungkinkan orang-orang untuk share computer hardware resources, sehingga menghemat biaya Memungkinkan orang-orang share data dan software program sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktifitas Memungkinkan orang-orang bekerja bersama-sama atau kolaborasi, hal itu rasanya mustahil tanpa dukungan teknologi jaringan komputer

Kerugian Jaringan Komputer

Ancaman keamanan data dan informasi Ancaman virus, dll
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Evolusi Jaringan Komputer

Mainframe pada era 1960-1970 an

LAN (Local Area Network) pada era 1970-1980 an

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Evolusi Jaringan Komputer

WAN (Wide Area Network) pada era 1980-1990 an

Internet pada era 1990

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Networks
TYPES OF NETWORKS: LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

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Type of Networks
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
Jaringan bersifat pribadi Rumah, Lab Komputer Sekolah atau Gedung Perkantoran

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Type of Networks
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Network yang meng-cover area geografis Menyambungkan antar LAN dalam satu Kota.

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Type of Networks
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Network yang meng-cover area geografis lebih luas, mencakup Negara. Terdiri atas 2 atau lebih LAN/MAN Internet adalah WAN dalam cakupan Dunia
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communication s satellite

Bagaimana data ditransmisikan ?

Volts 5 0 -5 Analog Signal (sec)

2 complete cycles in 1 sec.

Frequency = 1Hz, Amplitude = 10v

Signal Analog adalah sinyal listrik dalam bentuk gelombang (Sinus) dan lazim disebut carrier wave (Gelombang Pembawa).

Frequency berapa kali putaran per detik Amplitude tinggi gelombang dalam periode waktu tertentu
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Bagaimana data ditransmisikan ?

Volts 5 Digital Signal

(sec) 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 states On - 5v - 1 and OFF - 0v 0

signal Digital terdiri dari pulsa elektrik yang merepresentasikan group bits menjadi bytes. On/off - Ada/Tidak pulsa pada gelombang diskontinyu Merepresentasikan 0 atau 1. ( dua keadaan)
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Communication Devices
Fungsi communications devices
Mampu mentransmisikan data, instruksi dan informasi antara pengirim dan penerima.

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Communication Devices
Contoh communications devices

Yang umum dipakai adalah dial-up modems, ISDN dan DSL modems, cable modems, wireless modems, network cards, wireless access points, routers, dan hubs

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Communication Devices
Modem (Modulate/demodulate)
Komputer menggunakan signal digital dan beberapa channel komunikasi menggunakan signal analog. Konversi signal digital ke signal analog dan sebaliknya

Transmission speed
speed dimana modem mentransmisikan data Diukur dalam - bits per second (bps) atau kilobits per second (kbps)
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Communication Devices MODEM

MODULATION DEMODULATION

To convert a digital signal into an analog signal

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To convert an analog signal into a digital signal

Communication Devices
Type of Modem
External Modem Internal Modem PC Card Modem Wireless Modem

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Communication Devices
Network cards
Adapter card, PC Card or flash card that enables a computer or device to access network. called network interface card (NIC)

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Communication Devices
Wireless Access Point
Allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or wirelessly to a wired network.

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Communication Devices
Router
menghubungkan berbagai komputer dan memancarkan paket data ke alamat tujuan

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi adalah yang mana data, instruksi atau informasi melewati sistem komunikasi

Bandwidth jumlah data yang dapat dilewatkan pada suatu saluran komunikasi
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Type of transmission media

Physical
Wireless

Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Fisik
Kawat, kabel dan material lainnya yang digunakan untuk mengirim signal komunikasi.

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Fisik
Twisted - Pair cable
the wires are twisted together to reduce noise electrical disturbance suitable for short distances used for telephone systems and network cabling

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Fisik
Coaxial cable produce high quality transmission often used for cable television wiring advantages:
less affected by electrical interference noise

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Fisik
Fiber optics cable Dari bahan glass mengirim data dengan berkas cahaya Keuntungan: Membawa lebih banyak signal data Transmisi data lebih cepat Kecil dipengaruhi oleh noise Ukuran fisik kecil Kerugian: Investasi lebih mahal Sulit menginstalasi atau pun modifikasi
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Communication Channels

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Wireless
Digunakan ketika merepotkan, tidak praktis, atau tidak memungkinkan menginstalasi kabel

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Wireless
Infrared Mengirim signal menggunakan infrared light waves (gelombang sinar infra merah). Baik untuk jarak dekat Mobile devices seperti handphone, notebook dan PDA.

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Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Wireless
Broadcast Radio distributes radio signal through the air over some distance. It need transmitter (send signal) and receiver E.g: Bluetooth, HomeRF, Wi-Fi technology
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Cellular Radio Form of broadcast radio mobile communication Transmit voice and digital data messages Categories of cellular transmission : 1G, 2G, 3G

Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Wireless
Microwave transmission used radio waves that provide a highspeed signal transmission Line-of-sight (LoS) transmission
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Microwave station

Communication Channels
Media Transmisi Wireless
Satellite transmission Space stations send and receive signals from earth-based stations . Geosynchronous orbit the place that allows the satellite to remain positioned over the same spot on earth
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Communication Over the Telephone Line

Dial up lines
Temporary connection using telephone line for communications (need to reestablish the connection ) Modem has to convert digital data into analog signal before it can travel through the telephone network.

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Communication Over the Telephone Line

ISDN lines
Digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone line Needs ISDN modem Advantages:
data transmission speed is faster than dial-up modem the ISDN circuit has two phone lines to connect to the Internet to talk on the phone
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Communication Over the Telephone Line

T-Carrier Lines
Digital telephone line that carry multiple signals over a signal communication channel. Provides very fast data transfer rates. Used by large companies - expensive T1 - Most popular T-carrier line

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Communication Over the Telephone Line

ADSL
Digital telephone line for small business and home user. Can transmit at fast speed An example of this service is the streamyx connection provide by TM bhd.
user who subscribed to this line need to have an ADSL modem.

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LAN
Network Topologies
Configuration, or physical arrangement, of devices in a communications network Networks usually use combinations of three topologies

bus

ring

star

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LAN - Network Topologies

Bus network
All computers and devices connect to central cable or bus Murah dan mudah menginstalasinya

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LAN - Network Topologies

Ring network
Kabel dalam bentuk ring tertutup, atau loop, dengan semua komputer dan alat lainnya diatur disepanjang ring Data berjalan dari device ke device mengelilingi ring, dalam satu tujuan
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LAN - Network Topologies

Star network
All devices connect to a central computer, called the hub Data ditransfer dari satu komputer ke lainnya melewati hub
printer
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HUB

LAN - Network Communication Standard

Kombinasi yang spesifik tentang h/w dan s/w yang mengijinkan alat yang berbeda pada beberapa jenis jaringan dapat tersambung atau berkomunikasi

Ethernet TCP/IP
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Token Ring

Bluetooth

Wi-Fi

IrDa

LAN - Network Communication Standard

Ethernet
Teknologi LAN yang memungkinkan PC untuk berpacu mengakses network Didasari (based on) bus/ star technology
personal computer personal computer personal computer

personal computer
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personal computer

LAN - Network Communication Standard

Token Ring
Technology controls access to network by requiring devices to pass a special signal, called token

Only device with token can transmit data over network at a time

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LAN - Network Communication Standard

TCP/IP Menggambarkan bagaimana data berjalan pada Internet data dikirim ke alamat tujuan yang benar. Mengirim data dalam bentuk kecil packets
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Packets
Data divided into small pieces

TCP
Breaks the message into data packets and reassembles them once reach their destination.

IP
Assign each packet a unique address.

LAN - Network Communication Standard Wi-Fi

Define how data should travel through the wireless network

Hot spots
provide users to connect to the internet wirelessly with their wireless mobile devices

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LAN - Network Communication Standard

Bluetooth
o Define how two Bluetooth devices use short range radio waves to transmit data o Bluetooth devices contains small chip to allow it to communicate.

IrDa
o Define how data is transmitted via infrared light waves o Line-of-sight transmission

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LAN - Component
Connection and cabling system Use either wire / wireless transmission. Computer with NIC Networking OS Bridge a combination of hardware and software that recognizes the messages on a network and passes on to the receiving nodes in another network. To connect similar network..

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LAN - Component
Router Gateway Allows a node to communicate with another node on a dissimilar network (eg : Star to Ethernet)

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LAN - ARCHITECTURE
The design of computers, devices and media in a network. LAN network categories: Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Internet peer-to-peer

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LAN - ARCHITECTURE
Client/server
Server 1 or more computer that controls the network Client other computers that can request services from the server
client client client

laser printer
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server

LAN - ARCHITECTURE Peer-to-peer

Small network that shares hardware, data or information located on any computer in the network Each computer is called peer
printer may be used by all computers on network
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network operating system and application software installed on each computer

LAN - ARCHITECTURE
Characteristics of peer-2-peer.
Setiap komputer pada jaringan berkomunikasi langsung dengan dengan lainnya tanpa melewati server. Setiap komputer punya status, tanggung jawab, dan kemampuan yang sama. Simple, murah, cocok untuk very small businesses dan home users. Kerugiannya kecepatan rendah
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LAN - ARCHITECTURE
Internet peer-to-peer (P2P)
Enables users to exchange file directly from the hard disk over the Internet Criteria :
1. use compatible software 2. connected to the Internet
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INTERNET

Internet is worldwide collection of networks that links millions of computers together allows all of the computers to communicate with one another

E-mail Information Shopping Meeting people Entertainment

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INTERNET
ISP

THE INTERNET

home user

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INTERNET PROTOCOL
Internet Protocol (IP) language that computers use to communicate over
the Internet
http://www.mmu.edu.my/~fosee/staff/jun.html Protocol Domain Name Path File Name

IP Address
- Unique identifying number - E.g. 10.0.48.50, 209.11.168.133, 74.125.19.99, 209.131.36.158
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1. A(n) ____________ broadcasts messages to all devices connected to a LAN

A. B. C. D. switch port hub node

Answer : C

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2. The primary difference between a LAN and a WAN is the

A. B. C. D. number of software programs available. geographical area. variety of hardware devices. number of hardware devices.

Answer : B

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3. A(n) ____________ converts a message from digital to analog or from analog to digital.
A. B. C. D. hub modem switch Ethernet

Answer : B

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4. A(n) ____________ converts a message from digital to analog or from analog to digital.
A. B. C. D. cable modem fiber-optic cable wireless connection phone cable

Answer : C

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5. A(n) ____________ signal is represented by a continuous wave.

A. B. C. D. analog digital bandwidth baud

Answer : A

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