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16:59

DTG2G3

Signaling dan proses

pembangunan
hubungan telepon pada
GSM

by : Dwi Andi Nurmantris

Signaling pada GSM

Apa itu Signaling ?

Signaling adalah bahasa dalam telekomunikasi dimana
mesin dan komputer menggunakannya untuk saling
berkomunikasi.
Dengan kata lain proses signaling adalah, seorang user
mengirimkan signal yang sebelumnya dikonversi ke dalam
format yang di pahami mesin/komputer yang selanjutnya
signal tersebut digunakan sebagai remote entity. Dimana
signal tersebut bukan bagian dari informasi dalam
komunikasi atau entitas komunikasi yang menghasilkan
revenue.
Analogi : signaling seperti pilot dan pramugari pada
pesawat terbang. Pilot dan pramugari bukanlah
penumpang yang menghasilkan keuntungan tapi
kehadirannya dibutuhkan untuk membawa banyak
penumpang sebagai sumber keuntungan.
Tugas utama signaling adalah untuk membangun
hubungan dan memutus hubungan antar user atau mesin

GSM SIGNALING
HLR AuC

VLR

EIR

Air Interface

xAbis Interface
LAPDm

MS

BTS

BSC

A Interface

MSC

LAPD
SS#7

OMC

OMC

ISDN

GSM SIGNALING
HLR

CM
CC

SS

AC

VLR

SMS

EIR

MAP

MM
RR

TCAP
SCCP

LAPDm
L1

BTSm

LAPD
64 Kbps ch

BTS

BSC

MS

L3
L2
L1

MTP

MSC

BSSAP

ISUP
SCCP

BSSMAP DTAP

OMC
ISUP: ISDN User Part
MAP: Mobile Application Part
TCAP: Transmission Capabilities Application Part
SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part
MTP: Message Transfer Part
BSSAP: BSS Application Part

SCCP

MTP

ISDN

OMC

BSSMAP: BSS Management Application Part

DTAP: Direct Transfer Application Part
LAPDm: Link Adaptation Protocol
for the D channel, modified

MTP
CM: Connection Management
CC: Call Control
SS: Supplementary Services
SMS: Short Message Service
RR: Radio Resource management

AIR INTERFACE SIGNALING

Connection Management CM
Call
Supplementary Short Message
Control CC Services SS Services SMS

L3

Mobility Management MM
Radio Resource management
RR
Layer 2: LAPDm

Layer 1

Logical
Physical

Support of connection types:

Call Control CC support, e.g.
Setup, Alert, Connect, Disconnect
Supplementary Services support, e.g.
Call Forwarding, Call back when busy,
Advice Of Charge,..
SMS support
Support of mobility
(Keep track of MS), e.g.:
IMSI attach / detach
Location Update request / accept
Authentication request /response
TMSI reallocation command / complete
CM Service Request / accept
(activates: SS, MOC, SMS, Emergency Call)
Setup / Maintenance / Release
of Dedicated Channels, e.g.:
paging
channel request
immediate assignment
cipher mode command / complete
channel release
Secure transfer of
signaling data, e.g.:
Broadcast, Paging, Access
Grant, dedicated signaling

ABIS INTERFACE SIGNALING

L
e
v
e
l
4

NSS AND A-INTERFACE SIGNALING (SS#7)

BSSAP

BSS Application Part

ISUP

TUP

DUP

ISDN
User Part

Telephone
User Part

Data
User Part

BSSMAP

DTAP

Layer

MAP

Mobile
Application
Part

TCAP

4-6

SCCP
3
3

Signaling Network functions

Signaling Data Link

Physical & electrical attributes

MTP
Message
Transfer
Part

2
1

TCAP: Transaction Capability Application Part

SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part

Procedures supporting mobility

(MSC - Register/MSC) e.g.:
Update Location (VLR HLR)
Insert / Delete Subscriber Data (HLR VLR)
Send IMSI, Authenticate, Start Ciphering,
Forward new TMSI (VLR MSC (MS))

SS#7
A-Interface
protocol
subdivided into
DTAP
BSC not involved,
transparent: MS CN.
compare MM & CM
BSSMAP
BSC involved
Paging
HOV Request
HOV Complete

Enables its UPs:

to take access to
data bases / exchanges
(world-wide via SS7)
to invoke transactions
to identify messages
of same transaction

MAP
ISUP
BSS Application Part
Mobile Application
ISDN User Part
BSSMAP DTAP
Part
BSSAP

TCAP

Transmission Capabilities
Application Part

Connection related
signaling
(MSC - MSC / ISDN) e.g.:
Initial Address Message IAM
Address Complete
Message ACM, Alert
Answer Message

SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part

Offers (L3 extension):

Global Routing
Global Title Translation GTT
service classes
(Connection -oriented / -less)

Layer 3: Network Layer

Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Layer 1: Physical Layer

PT3733-TekJarNirKab-MODUL:05

Pembangunan
Hubungan Telepon
pada GSM

BASIC CALL SCENARIO PADA GSM

PEMBANGUNAN HUBUNGAN PADA GSM Macam Skenario

LOCATION UPDATE

Location Update pada BSS

Location Update pada NSS

EQUIPMENT CHECK

IMEI Check

MOBILE ORIGINATING CALL (MOC)

MOC pada BSS

MOC pada NSS

panggilan MS ke MS (PLMN yang sama)

Panggilan MS ke MS (PLMN yang berbeda)
Panggilan MS ke pelanggan ISDN (digital)
Panggilan MS ke pelanggan PSTN (Analog)

MOBILE TERMINATING CALL (MTC)

MTC pada BSS

MTC pada NSS
panggilan dari MS pada PLMN yang sama
Panggilan dari MS pada PLMN yang
berbeda
Panggilan dari pelanggan ISDN (digital)
Panggilan dari pelanggan PSTN (Analog)

AUTHENTICATION DAN CHIPERING

HANDOVER

Berdasarkan jenis Handover

Inter - BSS handover sequence
Inter - MSC handover sequence

Berdasarkan ada tidaknya

sinkronisasi saat handover
Synchronized handover
Nonsynchronized handover

AUTHENTICATION

Authentication may be
executed during setup,
location updating and
supplementary
services

AUTHENTICATION

HLR/AUC
AUC

KI I MSI +RAND A3 SRES

HLR

IMSI(m) KI
M)

VLR

IMSI(n) KI N
)

RAND
GENERATOR

RAN
D

KI(IMSI)

A8 A3
KC

SI
M

AUTH REQ

KI ( I MSI )+RAND A8 KC
M+KC A5 KC(M)
( MS/ BSS)

A5
KC( M) +KC ( MS/ BSS) M

SRES
KI(IMSI)

IMSIBUFFER
RAND KC SRES 1
RAND KC SRES 2
RAND KC SRES

RAND
KC
TEMP
DATA

SRES

CKSN

RAND

BSS
SRES

EQUAL

A8
A3
KC

RAND 16byte
KI 16byte
kc 8byte
SERS 4byte
CKSN low 3bits of
1byte

AUTHENTICATION DAN CHIPERING

BSS

MS

1
2

PRE SEND
TRIPPLES TO VLR

3
4
5

AUTHENTICATION
RESPONSE

MSC

(RAND)

AUTHENTICATE

<SDCCH>
AUTHENTICATION
REQUEST

(RAND)
<SDCCH>
(SRES)

START CIPHERING
CIPHER MODE
COMMAND

<SDCCH>

CIPHER MODE
OMPLETE

<SDCCH>

VLR

HLR

PSTN

EIR

AUTHENTICATION DAN CHIPERING

plain text

XOR

cipher sequence 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0...

ciphered text

Um

XOR

plain text

SIM:
A3, A8,
Ki, IMSI

RAND

BTS:
A5

MS

VLR:
RAND, Kc IMSI
Triples
SRES

SRES

BTS

VLR

Authentication:

Ciphering:

Authentication:

A3(Ki, RAND) = SRES

A5(Kc,TDMA-No.) = CS
text XOR CS = ciphered text

SRES comparison

Ciphering:

A8(Ki, RAND) = Kc
A5(Kc,TDMA-No.) = CS
text XOR CS = ciphered text

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1...

cipher sequence 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0...

encoded
transmission !

ME:
A5

0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1...

0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1...

Triples:
RAND,
SRES, Kc

AC:
A3, A8,
IMSI,Ki

AC
Authentication
& ciphering:
generates RAND
A3(Ki, RAND) = SRES
A8(Ki, RAND) = Kc
CS: cipher sequence

EQUIPMENT CHECKING
BSS

MS

1
2
3

EQUIPMENT ID REQUEST

ID RESPONSE

CHECK IMEI
CHECK IMEI RESPONSE

<SDCCH>
<SDCCH>
(IMEI)

MSC

VLR

HLR

PSTN

Note : IMEI chechk may be

clearred unti after traffic
channel has been
established

EIR

THANK YOU