Probabilitas dan Distribusi

Densiti

10/9/01 1
 PROBABILITAS
SUMBER PROBABILITAS:
Model
Nilai ditaksir dari model (sederhana)
Contoh:
Coin simetri, diundi menghasilkan
probabilitas
Data
Hasil experiment
Contoh:
John Kerrich mengundi coin 10000 kali,
10/9/01 2
hasil ~
 PROBABILITAS
SUMBER PROBABILITAS:

Subjective
Perkiraan seseorang berdasar
pengetahuan/pengalaman
Contoh:
Fatality rates of nuclear reactors
accidents
1 minggu: 1 dalam 300,000,000
20 minggu: 1 dalam 16,000,000
Dasar data tsb. chain mechanism + subjective
estimate
10/9/01 3
 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Gambaran mekanisme suatu

peristiwa/kejadian secara
sederhana.

Outcomes
Sample Spaces
Events

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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Outcomes
Keluaran/hasil suatu peristiwa atau
experiment
Contoh:
outcomes undian coin: H atau T
outcomes undian dadu: 1,2,3,4,5,6
outcomes WTC ditabrak pesawat:
terbakar, roboh sebagian, runtuh total,
.
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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Sample spaces (Ruang sample), S

himpunan (set) seluruh keluaran yang
mungkin (all possible outcomes) dari
experimen.
Contoh: 2 coin diundi bersama
1kali: S={HH,TH,HT,TT}
2 kali: S={HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH,
THHH, HHTT, HTTH, TTHH, HTHT, THHT,
THTH, HTTT, THTT, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT }
10/9/01 6
 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Events
kumpulan keluaran (outcomes)
terjadi bila keluaran (outcome) yang
mendukung terjadi
Contoh:
Event A=satu H keluar dari undian sekali
2 coin A={TH, HT}
Event A terjadi bila outcome TH atau HT
terjadi
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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Sample space: event lengkap

Event subset dari sample space.

Sample space, S
A A
Event,

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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Sebuah event dapat hanya terdiri dari

satu keluaran (outcome)
Contoh:
A={TT} B={HH}

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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Komplemen dari event A, dengan notasi

A, terjadi bila A tidak terjadi

S
A
A

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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Gabungan Event
Union,

A B

AB
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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Gabungan event
Intersection

A B

AB
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 PROBABILITAS
MODEL PROBABILITAS SEDERHANA:

Gabungan event
Mutually exclusive

A B

Mutually exclusive
10/9/01 13
 HUKUM PROBABILITAS
AXIOMA:

Probability sample space, S

P[S] =1 pasti terjadi
Probability event, A
0 < P[A] < 1 mungkin terjadi
Event kosong
P[] = 0

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 HUKUM PROBABILITAS
TEOREMA:
Event gabungan
Bila A1, A2 adalah event
P[A1 A2] = P[A1] + P[A2] - P[A1 A2]

Bila A1, A2, A3, mutually exclusive

P[A1 A2 A3 ] = P[A1] + P[A2] +
P[A3] + P[]

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 HUKUM PROBABILITAS
TEOREMA:
Partisi
Event C1, C2, C3, .., Ck membentuk partisi
(pembagian) sample space bila event-
event tersebut mutually exclusive dan
menghabiskan seluruh sample space.
C1C2C3...Ck = S
P[C1C2C3...Ck] = P[C1] + P[C2] +
P[C3] + + P[Ck]
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 HUKUM PROBABILITAS
TEOREMA:
Partisi C2 A C3
C2 C1
C3
C1

C6 C4
C5 C4
C6 C5
Ci A Ci (diarsir gelap)
P[A] = P[A C1] + P[A C2] + + P[A Ck]
k
= P[A Ci]
i=1
10/9/01 17
 HUKUM PROBABILITAS
TEOREMA:
Probabilitas Bersyarat (Conditional
Probability)
Event A terjadi bila event B terjadi
Probability-nya
P[A B]
P[A|B] = syarat P[B] 0
P[B]

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 Example of Conditional Probability:
Proportion of women with the given eyesight
grades
Grade of Left Eye
Highest Second Third Lowest Total
Grade of Right Eye

Highest .203 .036 .017 .009 .265

Second .031 .202 .058 .010 .301

Third .016 .048 .237 .027 .328

Lowest .005 .011 .024 .066 .106

Total .255 .291 .336 .112 1

Anggapan: sample cukup banyak dan mewakili

populasi, proporsi mewakili
10/9/01
probabilitas 19
 Example of Conditional Probability:
Proportion of women with the given eyesight
grades
What is the probability of women with
right eye 2nd grade given her left eye
highest grade ?

P[right eye 2nd grade|left eye highest grade]

=
P[right eye 2nd grade left eye highest
grade] 0.031
= 0.1216
0.225
P[left eye highest grade]

10/9/01 20
 Example of Conditional Probability:
3 Cards Trick

Consider 3 special cards below

Randomized
blue blue red & draw one blue
red blue red
?

Probability of blue bottom = ?

Probability of red bottom = ?
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 Example of Conditional Probability:
3 Cards Trick

Probability of blue top faces:

P[blue top] = 3/4
Probability of blue bottom:
P[blue bottom] = 1/2
Probability of a card having blue bottom
face given blue top face:
P[blue bottom|blue top] = (1/2)/(3/4) = 2/3

10/9/01 22
 Example of Conditional Probability:
3 Cards Trick

Top
Blue Red total
Blue 2/6 1/6 1/2
Bottom

Red 1/6 2/6 1/2

total 1/2 1/2 1

10/9/01 23
 Example of Conditional Probability:
3 Cards Trick

P[A] P[B|A] P[AB]

blue bottom
2/3 3/6 x 2/3 = 2/6
blue top
1/3 red bottom 3/6 x 1/3 = 1/6
3/6

blue bottom 3/6 x 2/3 = 2/6

2/3
3/6
1/3 red bottom 3/6 x 1/3 = 1/6
red top

10/9/01 24
 Independence and Multiplication
Rule
Independent Events
Two events are independent if one may
occur irrespective of the other

Event A and B are independent if and

only if
P[AB] = P[A] P[B]

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 Independence and Multiplication Rule

Example:
A1 = sample contains Pb P[A1] = 0.32
A2 = sample contains Hg P[A2] = 0.16
sample contains both P[A1A2] = 0.10

What is the probability of a sample

contains Pb will also contains Hg?

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 Independence and Multiplication Rule

Answer
P[A2|A1] = P[A1A2] / P[A1]
= 0.10/0.32 = 0.31
P[A2] = 0.16
A1 and A2 are not independent
Independent if
P[A2|A1] = P[A2]

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 Bayes Theorem

Let A1, A2, A3, , An be a collection

of events which partition S.
Let B be event such that P[B] 0
For any events Aj, j = 1,2,3,,n
then P [B | A j ]P [ A j ]
P[ Aj | B] n

P [B | A ]P [ A ]
i 1
i i

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 Bayes Theorem

Example
Blood type distribution Estimated that during handling
in a country is emergency there are
probability of wrong blood type
type A = 41%
identification
type B = 9% type O identified A =
type AB = 4% 4%
type O = 46% type A identified A =
88%
type B identified A =
4%
10/9/01 type AB identified
29 A=
10%
 Bayes Theorem

Someone having a traffic accident

his/her blood identified as type A. What
is the probability that this is a correct
type?
Let
A : someone has type A blood
B : someone has type B blood
AB : someone has type AB blood
O : someone has type O blood
TA : someone identified as type A blood
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 Bayes Theorem

AB O
B
A OTA
ABTA
ATA BTA
TA

TA = (ATA) (BTA) (ABTA ) (OTA )

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 Bayes Theorem

We want to find P[A|TA] =?

Given
P[A] = 0.41 P[TA|A] = 0.88
P[B] = 0.09 P[TA|B] = 0.04
P[AB] = 0.04 P[TA|AB] = 0.10
P[O] = 0.46 P[TA|O] = 0.04

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 Bayes Theorem

Lets try to use conditional probability

P [ A TA ]
P [ A | TA ]
P [TA ]
Where are P[ATA] and P[TA] ??
P[ATA] = P[TA|A] P[A]
= (0.88)(0.41) = 0.36
P[TA] = P[ATA] + P[BTA] + P[ABTA]
+ P[OTA]

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 Bayes Theorem

P[TA] = P[ATA] + P[BTA] + P[ABTA]

+ P[OTA]
= P[TA|A] P[A] + P[TA|B] P[B] +
P[TA|AB] P[AB] + P[TA|O] P[O]
= (0.88)(0.41) + (0.04)(0.09) + (0.10)(0.04)
+ (0.04)(0.46)
= 0.39
Finally P[A|TA] = 0.36/0.39 =
0.92
10/9/01 34
 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

DISKRIT
VARIABLE & VALUE
RANDOM VARIABLE & RANDOM
VALUE

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

DISKRIT
terpisah jelas satu dengan lainnya
dapat dihitung/cacah (countable)
masing-masing bernilai sendiri dan
terpisah
tidak dapat dipecah atau dibagi

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

VARIABLE & NILAI (VALUE)

Variable: suatu kuantitas (event) yang
mempunyai satu nilai tertentu dari
banyak kemungkinan nilai
Nilai (Value): ukuran yang dikaitkan
dengan variable

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

RANDOM VARIABLE & RANDOM

VALUE
Random variable:
nilainya random
Random value (nilai random):
besar pastinya tidak diketahui
kisaran nilainya diketahui dari sample
spacenya
terkait probabilitas
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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

Cara penulisan
Nilai: x
Variabel: X
Probabilitas variabel X bernilai x:
P[X=x]
Probabilitas bila x bermacam-macam:
f(x) = P[X=x] x = macam-macam

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

Distribusi Probabilitas (Probability

Distribution)
gambaran/fungsi sebaran probabilitas
adalah f(x)
dinyatakan dalam bentuk
distribusi densitas
distribusi kumulatif

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

Distribusi Densitas Probabilitas

menyatakan nilai probabilitas pada setiap
nilai x
f(x) = P[X=x]
Total probabilitas =
f(x) = 1 utk seluruh x
f(x)
Bila x kontinyu

f(x)dx= 1

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 DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS DISKRIT
(Discrete Probability Distribution)

Distribusi Kumulatif Probabilitas

menyatakan nilai kumulatif probabilitas
sampai dengan nilai x

F(x) = P[X < x] F(x)

limit F(x) = 1


x

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 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
NILAI HARAPAN (Expected Value)

Definisi Nilai Harapan (Expected

Value), H(x)
Andaikan X : variabel random diskrit
dengan distribusi densiti f(x)
Andaikan H(X) : variabel random (yang
lain)

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 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
NILAI HARAPAN (Expected Value)

Nilai harapan dari H(X), yi. E[H(X)] :

E[H(X)] H(x)f(x)
semua x

Syarat H(X) f(x) bernilai tertentu

semua x
Perjumlahan untuk semua nilai x dengan P[X=x] 0

v Statistik:
nilai harapan = mean =
atau x
10/9/01 44
 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
NILAI HARAPAN (Expected Value)
TEOREMA
Andaikan X dan Y adalah variabel
random
Andaikan c adalah sebarang
E[X
bilangan + Y] = E[X] + E[Y]
real
E[cX ] = cE[X]
E[c] = c

10/9/01 45
 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
VARIANCE dan STANDARD DEVIASI

Definisi Variance
Andaikan X adalah random variable
dengan Mean
Variance X
Var X = 2 = E[(X-)2] hitung dulu
atau
2 = E[X2] - (E[X])2 lebih praktis

10/9/01 46
 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
VARIANCE dan STANDARD DEVIASI

Defini Standard Deviasi,

Penyimpangan standar dari mean
Akar dari variance
= Var X =
Derajad Kebebasan (Degrees
of Freedom),
=n-1 n = banyaknya X

10/9/01 47
 PARAMETER DISTRIBUSI:
VARIANCE dan STANDARD DEVIASI
TEOREMA
Andaikan X dan Y adalah variabel
random dan c adalah bilangan real
Var c = 0
Var cX = c2 Var X
Var(X + Y) = Var X + Var Y
untuk X dan Y tak saling terikat
(independent)

10/9/01 48
 Undian Bernoulli
(Bernoulli Trial)

CIRI
Outcomes: sukses dan gagal
Undian identik dan independent
Probabilitas sukses, p, tetap
pada setiap undian

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 Undian Bernoulli
(Bernoulli Trial)

n kali trial hingga

Distribusi
sukses pertama
Geometrik
kali
Trial
jml sukses
dalam n kali Distribusi
trial Binomial

10/9/01 50
 Distribusi Geometrik
Variabel random X berdistribusi
geometrik dengan parameter p
apabila densitas probabilitasnya
f(x) = (1- p)x-1p
untuk 0<p<1 dan x=1,2,3,4,

dan (1- p)x-1p = 1
x=1

10/9/01 51
 Distribusi Geometrik
Ciri

Berlaku Bernoulli trial

Tiap trial identik dan independent
Probability sukses p tetap
X menyatakan jumlah trial sampai
sukses yang pertama kali

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 Trial Geometrik:
Coba terus sampai berhasil!!
p = 3/4 q = 1 - p = 1/4

1x s f(1)= 3/4

2x f s f(2)= 1/4 x 3/4 = 3/16

3x f s f(3)= 1/4 x 1/4 x 3/4 = 3/64

4x f s f(4)= 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 x 3/4 = 3/256

Probabilitas kumulatif s/d 4x =255/256 = 0.9961

10/9/01 53
 Trial Geometrik:
Coba terus sampai berhasil!!

1.0000

0.8000
probability

0.6000
density
0.4000 cuml

0.2000

0.0000
0 2 4 6
trial

10/9/01 54
 Distribusi Binomial
Definisi
Variabel random X berdistribusi
geometrik dengan parameter n
dan p apabila densitas
n
probabilitasnya
x
f(x) = (1- p)n-xpx

untuk 0<p<1 dan x=0,1,2,3,4,

n bilangan bulat
10/9/01 55
 Distribusi Binomial
Definisi
Kombinasi

n n!
x = C( n,x ) =
x! (n-x)!

7! 7.6.5
C(7,3) = = = 35
3! (7-3)! 3.2.1

10/9/01 56
 Distribusi Binomial
Teorema
Andaikan X variabel random dengan
parameter n dan p, maka
Expected Value, E(X)
= = np
- Varian, 2(X)
= npq q=1-p

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 Distribusi Binomial
Ciri
Berlaku Bernoulli trial
Jumlah n tetap pada setiap trial
Tiap trial identik dan independent
Probability sukses p tetap
X menyatakan jumlah sukses
dalam setiap trial n

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 Distribusi Binomial
Contoh
Anggap probabilitas hujan setiap
hari, p
Anggap p tetap = 0.15
Berapa probabilitas 3 hari hujan
dalam seminggu?
n = 7 p = 0.15 q = 0.85
x=3
P[3] = C(7,3)(0.85)4(0.15)3
10/9/01 59
= 0.062
 Sampling

with Binomial
replacement Distribution

Sampling
without Hypergeometric
replacement Distribution

10/9/01 60
 Sampling without Replacement

draws or trials are not independent

probability of success, p, is not
constant
variable X, the number of success
in n trials follows hypergeometric
distribution

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 Hypergeometric Distribution

A random variable X has a

hypergeometric distribution with
parameters N, n, and r
if
N - its
r density is
r
given by n - x
x
f(x) =
N
n

max[0, n - (N - r)] < x < min(n, r)

N, r, n positive integers
10/9/01 62
 Hypergeometric Distribution

Example
There are 20 small balls inside a bowl.
12 of them are black and 8 are white
All balls are well mixed inside the bowl
5 balls are sampled from the bowl
without replacement
X represents the number of black balls
in the sample

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 Hypergeometric Distribution

What is the probability of X?

N = 20, r = 12, n = 5
P[X=0] = C(12,0)C(8,5)/C(20,5) = 0.0036
P[X=1] = C(12,1)C(8,4)/C(20,5) = 0.0542
P[X=2] = C(12,2)C(8,3)/C(20,5) = 0.2384
P[X=3] = C(12,3)C(8,2)/C(20,5) = 0.3973
P[X=4] = C(12,4)C(8,1)/C(20,5) = 0.2554
P[X=5] = C(12,5)C(8,0)/C(20,5) = 0.0511
10/9/01 64
 Hypergeometric Distribution

Limiting case
if n << r and n << (N-r) then
distribution approaching Binomial
distribution
practically n < 10% of a large
population can be assumed as
limiting
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 Hypergeometric Distribution

Example of limiting case

100 transistors are sampled from 5000
the number of defective transistors are
5%
What is the probability of X, the
number of defective transistors in
the sample?

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 Hypergeometric Distribution

Hypergeometric solution
N = 5000 r = 250 n = 100
P[X=0] = C(250,0)C(4750,100)/C(5000,100) = 0.0056
P[X=1] = C(250,1)C(4750,99)/C(5000,100) = 0.0302
P[X=2] = C(250,2)C(4750,98)/C(5000,100) = 0.0800
P[X=3] = C(250,3)C(4750,97)/C(5000,100) = 0.1392
P[X=4] = C(250,4)C(4750,96)/C(5000,100) = 0.1792
P[X=5] = C(250,5)C(4750,95)/C(5000,100) = 0.1818

10/9/01 67
 Hypergeometric Distribution

Binomial solution
n = 100, p = 0.05
P[X=0] = C(100,0)(0.05)0(0.95)100 = 0.0059
P[X=1] = C(100,1)(0.05)1(0.95)99 = 0.0312
P[X=2] = C(100,2)(0.05)2(0.95)98 = 0.0812
P[X=3] = C(100,3)(0.05)3(0.95)97 = 0.1396
P[X=4] = C(100,4)(0.05)4(0.95)96 = 0.1781
P[X=5] = C(100,5)(0.05)5(0.95)95 = 0.1800

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 Hypergeometric Distribution
Limiting Case Comparison
Hypergeometric Binomial
P[X=0] = 0.0056 P[X=0] = 0.0059
P[X=1] = 0.0302 P[X=1] = 0.0312
P[X=2] = 0.0800
P[X=2] = 0.0812
P[X=3] = 0.1392
P[X=4] = 0.1792 P[X=3] = 0.1396
P[X=5] = 0.1818 P[X=4] = 0.1781
P[X=5] = 0.1800
10/9/01 69
 Poisson Distribution
Definition
French mathematician: Simeon
Denis Poisson (1781-1840)
A random variable X has a Poisson
distribution with parameter k if its
density is
e-kkx
f(x) = ------------ x = 0,1,2,
x! k>0

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 Poisson Distribution
Theorem
Let X be a Poisson random variable
with parameter k

E[X] = k
Var[X] = k

10/9/01 71
 Poisson Distribution
Features
Connected to Poisson processes
Poisson process:
observing discrete and infrequent events
in a continuous interval of time, length,
or space
X is the number of occurrences of
the event in the interval of s units
k = s, = rates of occurrence per
units
10/9/01 72
 Poisson Distribution
Example
Average white blood-cell count of a
healthy person = 6000/mm3 of blood.
To detect white blood-cell deficiency, a
0.001 mm3 of blood is taken and the
number of white cells X is counted.
How many white cells are expected in a
healthy person?
If at most 2 cells are found, is there
evidence of white blood-cell deficiency?
10/9/01 73
 Poisson Distribution
Example
Solution
unit = mm3 s = 0.001
= 6000 s = (6000)(0.001)
=6

Expected value, E[X] = s = 6 (for a

healthy person)
How rare is it to see at most two?
P[X<2] = f(0) + f(1) + f(2)
= (e-660/0!) + (e-661/1!) + (e-662/2!)
10/9/01
= 0.062 74
 Worksheet Functions
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

BINOMDIST(number_s,trials,probability_
s,cumulative)
Returns the individual term binomial distribution
probability.
Number_s : the number of successes in trials.
Trials : the number of independent trials.
Probability_s : the probability of success on
each trial.
Cumulative : a logical value. TRUE for the
cumulative distribution function, FALSE for the
probability density/mass function.
10/9/01 75
 Worksheet Functions
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Example
The flip of a coin can only result in heads or
tails. The probability of the first flip being
heads is 0.5, and the probability of exactly 6 of
10 flips being heads is:
BINOMDIST(6,10,0.5,FALSE) equals 0.205078

10/9/01 76
 Worksheet Functions
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Remarks
Number_s and trials are truncated to integers.
If number_s, trials, or probability_s is
nonnumeric, BINOMDIST returns the
#VALUE! error value.
If number_s < 0 or number_s > trials,
BINOMDIST returns the #NUM! error value.
If probability_s < 0 or probability_s > 1,
BINOMDIST returns the #NUM! error value.

10/9/01 77
 Worksheet Functions
COMBINATION

COMBIN(number,number_chosen)
Returns the number of combinations for a given
number of items.
Number is the number of items.
Number_chosen is the number of items in each
combination.
Example
Suppose you want to form a two-person team
from eight candidates, and you want to know
how many possible teams can be formed.
COMBIN(8, 2) equals 28 teams.
10/9/01 78
 Worksheet Functions
COMBINATION

Remarks
Numeric arguments are truncated to integers.
If either argument is nonnumeric, COMBIN
returns the #NAME? error value.
If number < 0, number_chosen < 0, or number <
number_chosen, COMBIN returns the #NUM!
error value.
A combination is any set or subset of items,
regardless of their internal order. Combinations
are distinct from permutations, for which the
internal order is significant.
10/9/01 79
 Worksheet Functions
HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s,
number_sample, population_s,
number_population)
Returns the hypergeometric distribution.
HYPGEOMDIST returns the probability of a given
number of sample successes, given the sample
size, population successes, and population size.
Sample_s: the number of successes in the
sample.
Number_sample: the size of the sample.
Population_s: the number of successes in the
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 Worksheet Functions
HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
Example
A sampler of chocolates contains 20 pieces.
Eight pieces are caramels, and the remaining 12
are nuts. If a person selects 4 pieces at
random, the following function returns the
probability that exactly 1 piece is a caramel:
HYPGEOMDIST(1,4,8,20) equals 0.363261

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 Worksheet Functions
HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Remarks
All arguments are truncated to integers.
If any argument is nonnumeric, HYPGEOMDIST
returns the #VALUE! error value.
If sample_s < 0 or sample_s is greater than the
lesser of number_sample or population_s,
HYPGEOMDIST returns the #NUM! error
value.

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HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
If sample_s is less than the larger of 0 or
(number_sample - number_population +
population_s), HYPGEOMDIST returns the
#NUM! error value.
If number_sample < 0 or number_sample >
number_population, HYPGEOMDIST returns
the #NUM! error value.
If population_s < 0 or population_s >
number_population, HYPGEOMDIST returns
the #NUM! error value.

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HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

If number_population < 0, HYPGEOMDIST

returns the #NUM! error value.
HYPGEOMDIST is used in sampling without
replacement from a finite population.

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 Worksheet Functions
POISSON DISTRIBUTION

POISSON(x,mean,cumulative)
Returns the Poisson distribution.
X is the number of events.
Mean is the expected numeric value.
Cumulative is a logical value. TRUE for
cumulative Poisson probability and FALSE for
probability density/mass function
Examples
POISSON(2,5,FALSE) equals 0.084224
POISSON(2,5,TRUE) equals 0.124652
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 Worksheet Functions
POISSON DISTRIBUTION

Remarks
If x is not an integer, it is truncated.
If x or mean is nonnumeric, POISSON returns
the #VALUE! error value.
If x 0, POISSON returns the #NUM! error
value.
If mean 0, POISSON returns the #NUM!
error value.

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