S2 Pasca Biologi

Dr. Bambang Retnoaji, M.Sc.

2015
 JADWAL SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2016/2017

Minggu Topik Pengampu

ke
08/09/2016 Pendahuluan Bambang R
15/09/2016 Sel, Stem Sel dan jaringan (epitel) Bambang R
22/09/2016 Jaringan Dasar (jaringan Ikat dan Zuliaty R
otot)
29/09/2016 Jaringan Syaraf Zuliyati R
06/10/2016 Systema Limfatika Bambang R
13/10/2016 Systema endokrin Zuliyati R
20/10/2016 Systema Digestoria Bambang R
Ujian Tengah Semseter
10/11/2016 Systema ekskretoria Bambang R
17/11/2016 Systema respiratorium Zuliyati R
24/11/2016 Sistem reproduksi jantan Bambang R
01/12/2016 Sistem reproduksi betina dan Bambang R
kelenjar mammae
08/12/2016 Presentasi I All 2
 Human Life Cycle

Fertilization Embryological
(Conception) Development (0 - 2 months)

Prenatal
Development

Aging Fetal Development

Process (3 - 9 months
Postnatal
Development
Adulthood Birth (Parturition)
Cleava Early division of zygote into multiple cells without increase in
size, partitions contents
ge
Events of the First 10 days

Polar bodies

4-cell stage
2-cell stage Early morula

DAY 1 DAY 2
DAY 3 Advanced
DAY 4 morula
First cleavage Shedding
division of zona
Inner pellucida
DAY 0: cell mass
Fertilization
DAY 6
Blastocoele

Ovulation

DAYS 710: Trophoblast

Implantation in uterine wall
Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blastocyst
 Blood stem cell

Stages of
Differentiati Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell

on of Blood
Cells Proerythroblast Myeloblasts Monoblast Megakaryoblast

Promyelocytes Promonocyte
Early erythroblast

Promegakaryocyte

Eosinophilic Basophilic Neutrophilic

myelocyte myelocyte myelocyte

Late erythroblast

Eosinophilic Basophilic Neutrophilic

meta- meta- meta-
myelocyte myelocyte myelocyte Megakaryocyte
Normocyte

Neutrophilic
band cell

Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil Monocyte Platelets B lymphocyte T lymphocyte

Reticulocyte

Granular leukocytes
Erythrocyte
 THE CELL THEORY
1. All living things are made of cells.
(basic structure).
2. All cells carry out life functions.
(basic function)
3. All cells come from pre-existing
cells.
 Levels of organization
Cell- basic unit of life.
Tissue- group of cells performing the same
function. Lung tissue
Organs- group of tissues performing the
same function. Lung, heart
Organ system- group of organs that
perform the same function.ex. Respiratory
system
Organism- group of organ systems working
together.
 Parts of a Cell
Ribosome- synthesis proteins
Nucleus- controls cell activity
Cell membrane- regulates what
enters and leaves the cell
Mitochondria- carries out cellular
respiration to release energy.
Endoplasmic reticulum- system of
channels that transport materials.
 Smooth ER- without ribosome
Rough ER- with embedded
ribosome.
Lysosomes- digestive enzymes to
break down substances.
Nucleolus synthesize ribosome.
Cytoplasm- liquid portion of the
cell
Vacuoles storage bins of the cell.
 Largest cell in the world

The
egg
from
an
ostric
h
15cm
 How many cells are in the
Human Body
Approximatel
y 65 trillion
cells make
up the adult
human body
 Stem cells
Properties of stem cells.
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) from inner mass cells, totipotent
can give rise to all embryonic cells except trophoblast
ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
ESC form pluripotent stem cell committed stem cell then
progenitor/precursor cells differentiate into a cell lineage.
Adult stem cells more lineage-restricted in their ability to
differentiate
Restriction on the potency of stem cells is determined by
the microenvironment
 Stem cells
Adult stem cells important for the continual production of
tissues e.g intestinal epithelium.
Expression of transcription factor e.g Oct-4 is required for
the maintenance of pluripotency.
Murine embryonic stem cells useful models to elucidate
the unique properties of mammalian stem cells.
Valuable therapeutic potential in treatment of
degenerative diseases.