Ade luthfiya
Cintia agnes sinaga
Desy efriliyani
Magnetic Fields in Matter
• 6.1 Magnetization
• 6 . l . l Diamagnets. Paramagnets. Ferromagnets
• 6.1.2 Torques and Forces on Magnetic Dipoles
• 6.1.3 Effect of a Magnetic Field on Atomic Orbits
m Ia
torque
N r F aF sin x̂
a( IbB sin 90o ) sin x̂
IabB sin x̂
mB sin x̂
m B
Torsi dan gaya pada dipol magnetik
rotation
random paramagnetism
External B field
Ferromagnetism
Diamagnetism
Gaya pada magnet dipol
• Dalam kasus pada bidang yang sama ( B=constan )
0
F I ( d B ) I ( d ) B 0
• Dalam kasus pada bidang yang sama (B ≠ constant)
y
Fringing field
x
B
F I d B I ( 2R )B(cos ) x̂
F ( m B )
dF Id B
z
I [( dy ŷ ) B( 0, y ,0 ) ( dz ẑ ) B( 0, , z )
I
( dy ŷ ) B( 0, y , ) ( dz ẑ ) B( 0,0, z )}
I { ( dy ŷ ) [ B( 0, y , ) B( 0, y ,0 )]
( dz ẑ ) [ B( 0, , z ) B( 0,0, z )]}
y
B B
x I { ( ŷ )
z
( ẑ )
y
}
B B
I 2 { ẑ ŷ }
y z
B B
dF I 2 { ẑ ŷ }
y z
z
x̂ ŷ ẑ x̂ ŷ ẑ
I
m{ 0
Bx
0
B y
1 0
Bz Bx
1
B y
0 }
Bz
y y y z z z
y Bx B y B B
x m{ ŷ
y
x̂
y
x̂ z ẑ x }
z z
B B B
m{ x̂ x ŷ x ẑ x }
x y z
mBx
[ F ( p E )]
m m x̂ F ( m B )
+
Electric dipole p
Magnetic dipole m m I
e ev
I
T 2R
orbital dipole moment
ev 1
m IS ( )( R ẑ ) evR ẑ
2
2R 2
Gaya listrik
e2
1 v2
FE Fc me
4o R 2
R
Penjumlahan medan magnet
FE FB Fc
1 e2 v2
ev B me
4o R 2 R
v 2 v 2 me
ev B me ( v v )( v v )
R R
eRB 2v
v
me v
eRB
v
2me
eRB
v
2me
ketika B aktif, maka elektron akan semakin
cepat
1
m evR ẑ
2
1 e2 R 2 e2 R 2
m e( v )Rẑ Bẑ B
2 4me 4me
0 m R̂
P( x , y , z )
z A( r )
R 4 R 2
M r
M magnetic dipole moment per unit volume.
r
y 0 M ( r ) R̂
x
A( r )
4 R 2
d
Bound currents( Arus terikat)
0 M ( r ) R̂ 0 1
A( r )
4 R 2 d 4 [ M ( r ) ( R )] d
1 1
( x̂ ŷ ẑ )
R x y z ( x x )2 ( y y )2 ( z z )2
1 2[( x x )x̂ ( y y ) ŷ ( z z )ẑ ]
( )
2 ( x x ) ( y y ) ( z z )
2 2
3/ 2
R R̂
3 2
R R
0 1
A( r )
4 [ M (r ) ( R )] d
( fA ) f ( A ) A ( f ) ,eq.( v ) @ p 21
0 1 M (r )
[ M (r )] d [ ] d
4 R R
0 1 0 1
4 R
[ M ( r )] d
4 R
[ M ( r ) da ]
proof :
( A B ) B ( A ) A ( B ) ,eq.( iv ) @ p 21
( v ) d v d a
A ( B C ) B ( C A ) C ( A B ) C ( B A )
let v v c , where c constant ,eq.( 1.15 ) @ p 7
by divergence theorem
( v c ) d ( v c ) da
[ c ( v ) v ( c )] d c ( v da )
[ c ( v )] d c ( v da )
c [( v )] d c [ ( v da ) ]
( v ) d v da
0 1 0 1
A( r )
4 R [ M ( r )] d
4 R
[ M ( r ) d a ]
0 J b ( r ) 0 K b ( r )
4 V R
d
4 S R
da
J b M : volume bound current
K b M n̂ : surface bound current
0 J b ( r ) R̂ 0 Kb ( r ) R̂
B( r ) d da
4 V R 2
4 S R 2
Contoh :
• Carilah medan magnet di pusat bola seragam magnet
0 J b ( r ) 0 K b ( r )
A( r )
4 V R
d
4 S R
da
where M Mẑ , M constant
Kb
J b M 0
K b M n̂ M r̂ Msin ˆ
0 M sin ˆ
A( r )
4 S R da
ẑ
0 I a2
B( z ) ẑ ̂
2 (a z )
2 2 3/ 2
a b sin ,b2 a 2 z 2
0 dI ( b sin )2 R
Kb dB 3
ẑ
2 b
a
0 ( M sin )( b sin )2
3
bd ẑ d
b 2 b
0 M 3
B
2 0
sin d ẑ dI Kb d M sin ( bd )
2 2
0 M ẑ 0 M
3 3
( r , , )
K v ( R ) R sin ˆ
θ
Kb M n̂ M r̂ Msin ˆ R
Kb
R M
2
B 0 M
3
Interferensi fisika pada bound currents
• Ketika magnet itu seragam
m Ia MV
Ia Mat I Mt
I
surface current K b M
t
K b M n̂
• Ketika magnet itu tidak seragam
in x direction :
M z
I x [ M z ( y dy ) M z ( y )] dz dydz
y
M z
volume current density : ( J b )x I x / da
y
in y direction :
M y
I x [ M y ( z dz ) M y ( z )] dy dzdy
z
M y
volume current density : ( J b )x I x / da
z
M z M y
( J b )x Jb M Jb M 0
y z
PERTANYAAN
• Azmi
1. pada slide pertama ada gambar magnet, jelaskan dari gambar
tersebut.
• Agnes
2. Aplikasi medan magnet dalam bahan pada kehidupan sehari-
hari.