DAN ANAK
Dwi Aprilina Andriani, S.Kep., Ns.,
M.Kep
PENGERTIAN NUTRISI
• Nutrition is the sum of all the interactions
between an organism and the food it consumes.
Nutrition is what a person eats and how the
body uses it.
• Nutrients are organic and inorganic substances
found in foods that are required for body
functioning (water, carbohydrates, proteins,fats,
vitamins, and minerals)
JENIS-JENIS NUTRISI
1. Macronutrients : Carbohydrates, fats,
protein, minerals, vitamins, and water
• to provide energy (e.g. Hundreds of grams
2. Micronutrients : vitamins and minerals
• to metabolize the energy-providing
nutrients. (e.g., milligrams or micrograms)
Tahap Pemberian Nutrisi
1. 0-1 tahun
• The neonate’s fluid and nutritional needs are met by
breast milk or formula.
• Fluid needs of infants are proportionately greater
than those of adults because of a higher metabolic
rate, immature kidneys, and greater water losses
through the skin and the lung
• The total daily nutritional requirement of the
newborn is about 80 to 100 mL of breast milk or
formula per kilogram of body weight.
• The newborn infant’s stomach capacity is about 90
mL, and feedings are required every 2 1/2 to 4 hours
Tahap Pemberian Nutrisi
2. Toddler (1-3 tahun)
• Because of a maturing GI tract, toddlers can eat most
foods and adjust to three meals each day.
• Developing independence may be exhibited through the
toddler’s refusal of certain foods. Meals should be short
because of the toddler’s brief attention span and
environmental distractions.
• Often toddlers display their liking of rituals by eating
foods in a certain order, cutting foods a specific way, or
accompanying certain foods with a particular drink.
• A healthy toddler weighing 15 kg (33 lb) needs, about
1,250 mL of fluid per 24 hours.
• During the toddler stage, the caloric requirement is
1,000 to 1,400 Kcal/day.
Tahap Pemberian Nutrisi
2. Toddler (1-3 tahun)
• Because of a maturing GI tract, toddlers can eat most
foods and adjust to three meals each day.
• Developing independence may be exhibited through the
toddler’s refusal of certain foods. Meals should be short
because of the toddler’s brief attention span and
environmental distractions.
• Often toddlers display their liking of rituals by eating
foods in a certain order, cutting foods a specific way, or
accompanying certain foods with a particular drink.
• A healthy toddler weighing 15 kg (33 lb) needs, about
1,250 mL of fluid per 24 hours.
• During the toddler stage, the caloric requirement is
1,000 to 1,400 Kcal/day.
6 – 9 bulan 9-12 bulan 12-24 bulan
• UNDERWEIGHT
weight at least 10% to 15% below average.
Masalah yang Berkaitan dengan
Pemberian Nutrisi
• Obesitas
Suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan adanya
jaringan tubuh yang berlebihan yang diukur
dengan BMI > 95 persentil untuk umur.
• Perilaku Diet
Suatu perilaku mulai dari diet yang sehat
hingga diet yang tidak sehat, misalnya
membuat dirinya kelaparan.
Masalah yang Berkaitan dengan
Pemberian Nutrisi
• Anoreksia Nervousa
Suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan membuat
dirinya sangat kelaparan, berat badan kurus,
sangat cemas terhadap kenaikan berat badannya,
distorsi yang berat terhadap “Body Image-nya”.
• Bulimia Nervousa
Suatu kondisi yang ditandai dengan “Binge
Eating” (makan yang banyak), namun kemudian
dikeluarkan melalui misalnya muntah, puasa,
olahraga berlebihan dan menggunakan laksatif.
Preventing Eating Disorders
• Encourage healthy dietary habits and adequate
exercise.
• Emphasize a healthy lifestyle over physical
appearance and weight loss.
• Encourage increased self-esteem and stress a
positive self-worth.
• Avoid pressuring children to achieve perfection or to
perform beyond their abilities.
• Recognize signs and symptoms of eating
disorders, and seek professional help when
suspected.