b. Proteins 4 kcal/g.
d. Alcohol 7 kcal/g.
When the body enters the starved state, after 3 to 5 days of fasting,
changes occur in the use of fuel stores.
1. Muscle decreases its use of ketone bodies and oxidizes fatty acids as
its primary energy source.
2. Because of the decreased use by muscle, blood ketone body levels
rise.
3. The brain then takes up and oxidizes the ketone bodies to derive
energy. Consequently, the brain decreases its use of glucose, although
glucose is still a major fuel for the brain.
4. Liver gluconeogenesis decreases.
5. Muscle protein is spared (i.e., less muscle protein is degraded to
provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis).
6. Because of decreased conversion of amino acids to glucose, less urea
is produced from amino acid nitrogen in starvation than after an
overnight fast.
B. Fat: the primary fuel
The body uses its fat stores as its primary source of
energy during starvation, conserving functional
protein.
1. Overall, fats are quantitatively the most
important fuel in the body.
2. The length of time that a person can survive
without food depends mainly on the amount of fat
stored in the adipose tissue.
32
MANFAAT PUASA RAMADAN BAGI KESEHATAN
Neuropsychiatric Function
Changes in Body Weight
Endocrine Glands
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy and Lactation