• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Willm’s tumor
• Leukemia myeloid acute
• Leukemia lymphoblastic acute
Causes
• Genetic alteration
• Environmental influences
• No know prevention
– Type of cancer
– Location
– Extent of disease
Treatment Modalities
1. Surgery
2. Radiasi
3. Kemoterapi/ sitostatika
4. Palliatif
5. Transplantasi sumsum tulang
dapat melibatka stem cell orang tua
Treatment Modalities
1. Surgery
- jenis terapi tertua, konservatif
- sebagai diagnosis, terapi utama, terapi
paliatif
Treatment Modalities
Kemoterapi/ sitostatika
Obat dengan reaksi kimia tinggi, dapat
menghancurkan sel kanker, melalui mekanisme:
- Menghancurkan sel kanker
- Merusak DNA RNA sel kanker
- Mengganggu proses mitosis
- Menggandakan rantai
Chemotherapy Drugs
• Alkylating drug: attack DNA
• Antimetabolites: interfere with DNA production
• Antitumor antibiotics: interferes with DNA production
• Plant alkaloids: prevent cells from dividing
• Steroid hormones: slow growth of some cancers
• Kemoterapi dapat dikombinasikan /
ditambahkan dari tindakan pembedahan dan
radiasi
• Kemo juga dapat diberikan sebelum
pembedahan untuk mengecilkan sel tumor
• Adjuvan kemoterapi digunakan setelah
pembedahan atau radiasi untuk mencegah
relapse.
Administration
• Chemotherapy can be given by mouth, subcutaneous or
intramuscular injections, intravenously, or intrathecally.
– Oral route used if drug is well absorbed and non
irritating to the GI tract
– Sub-q or IM: Slow systemic release
– IV push, piggyback or intravenous infusion
EFEK SAMPING KEMO
• Mual muntah
• Malnutrisi
• Hiperpigmentasi
• Allopesia
• Neutropenia
• Risiko infeksi
• Mucositis
Treatment of Neutropenia
• Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
decreases the duration of neutropenia by
stimulating the proliferation of the progenitor
cells of the granulocytes, specifically the
neutophils.
• G-CSF: 5mcg/kg/day given subcutaneous
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma Retinoblastoma
• Normal Nervus optic &Papil Papiledema
Tata nama tumor jinak
• Secara umum dengan menambah akhiran
“oma” pada sel asal tumor.
• Mesenkimal tumor:
– Fibrosit ---------------------- Fibroma
Lipid -------------------------- Lipoma
Osteosit --------------------- Osteoma
Chondrosit ----------------- Chondroma
Otot polos ------------------ Leiomyoma
Otot bergaris -------------- Rhabdomyoma
pembuluh darah ---------- Hemangioma, dst.
Tata nama tumor ganas