Aimee Alissa
Vallent Pangala
Victor Jonathan
Vivian Prayitno
Yahya Abdurachim
5.1 Profile of non-dimensional velocity in a
Drag force = laju perbedaan momentum saat terjadi perbedaan kecepatan ideal dan real
= ∆V x mass rate = σ ((U – u) × 𝛒 × b (width) × u × ∆y)
Momentum Thickness (𝜽)
• Momentum Thickness = Loss of momentum (drag force) per unit 𝑏
divided by 𝜌𝑈 2 up to x concerned
𝜹(𝒙)
• 𝑫 𝒙 = 𝝆𝒃 𝑼 𝒖 𝟎− 𝒖 𝒅𝒚 Von Karman Momentum Integral
• Jika flow berada di uniform velocity (𝑼), dan permukaan plat bergerak
sejauh 𝜽, maka pengurangan momentum flux = momentum flux dari
boundary layer yang hilang
• 𝑫 𝒙 = 𝝆𝒃𝑼𝟐 𝜽
𝜹𝒖 𝒖
• 𝜽 = 𝟎 𝟏 − 𝒅𝒚
𝑼 𝑼
• 𝜹 = ketebalan boundary layer
Displacement Thickness (𝛿 ∗ )
• Menggambarkan jarak yang terjadi diantara hypothetical flow over a flate
plate tanpa boundary layer dan actual flow dengan boundary layer.
𝒅𝜽
○ 𝝉𝒘 = 𝝆𝑼𝟐 shear stress
𝒅𝒙
• Asumsi Von Karman Profil kecepatan flow dalam bentuk parabola
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
u/U
0.4
y = -1.0152x2 + 2.0329x - 0.0201
0.2
0
-0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
y/δ
Persamaan Ketebalan Momentum
𝛿
𝑢 𝑢
𝜃= න 1− 𝑑𝑦
0 𝑈 𝑈
𝛿 2 2
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝜃= න −1.0152 + 2.0329 − 0.02 1.02 + 1.0152 − 2.0329 𝑑𝑦
0 δ δ δ δ
𝛿 2 3 4
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝜃= න −0.0204 + 2.1136 − 5.1885 + 4.128 − 1.031 𝑑𝑦
0 δ δ δ δ
𝑢 𝒚 2 𝑦
= -1.0152 + 2.0329 - 0.0201
𝑈 𝜹 𝛿
𝑦 2 𝑦
u = U (-1.0152 + 2.0329 - 0.0201)
𝛿 𝛿
Step 2
𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝜃
𝜏𝑤 = 𝜇 ȁ = ρ𝑈2 𝜃 = 0.1327 𝛿
𝜕𝑦 𝑦=0 𝑑𝑥
−2.0304 2.0329 𝑑𝛿
μU ( 𝑦+ )= 𝜌𝑈 2 0.1327
𝛿2 δ 𝑑𝑥
𝜇 𝑑𝛿
2.0329 = 𝜌𝑈 0.1327
𝛿 𝑑𝑥
Mencari Thickness Estimate
Step 3
𝜇 𝑑𝛿 𝑣 𝛿 1/2 𝑢𝑥
2.0329 = 𝜌𝑈 0.1327 30.782 = 𝑅𝑒𝑋 =
𝑈𝑥 𝑥 𝑣
𝛿 𝑑𝑥
2.0329 𝑣 𝜇
𝑑𝑥 = 𝛿 𝑑𝛿 𝑣 = 5.5 𝛿 Thickness Estimate
0.1327 𝑈 𝜌 1/2 = Sesuai Von Karman
𝑅𝑒𝑋 𝑥
𝑣
න 15.319 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝛿 𝑑𝛿 𝜃 = 0.1327 𝛿
𝑈 Momentum 5.548 𝑥
𝑣𝑥 1 𝜃 = 0.1327
15.319 = 𝛿2 Thickness 1/2
𝑅𝑒𝑋
𝑈 2
𝑣𝑥 1 𝛿2 Displacement thickness:
15.319 2 = 𝛿 𝑢
𝛿 ∗ = 0 1 − 𝑈 𝑑𝑦 = 0,34 𝛿
𝑈𝑥 2 𝑥2
Dengan transformasi koordinat, Blasius memperlihatkan profil
kecepatan u/U secara experimental adalah fungsi variabel tak-
berdimensi (y)[U/(vx)]1/2
Sejak u/U = 1 didapat y = ∞, lalu diambil titik
dimana u/U = 0.99. dari tabel akan didapat
5.0
1/2
𝑈
𝛿99% ≈ 5.0
𝑣𝑥
𝜃 = 0.1327 𝛿
𝛿 5.0 5.0 𝑥
≈ 1/2 𝜃 = 0.1327 1/2
𝑥 𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑋
∗ 1 ∗ 1.721 𝑥
Displacement thickness 𝛿 ≈ 𝛿 𝛿 =
3 𝑅𝑒 1/2
5.2 A dispersion of viscous liquid in water will be separated in a
centrifuge. It is assumed that the viscous liquid is in the form of droplets
of 50 microns with density of 900 kg/m3. If the centrifuge rotates at
speed of 1600 rev/min and effective radius for separation is 39 mm.
Density of water = 1000 kg/ m3 and viscosity = 0.8 x 10-3 N s/m-2.
D minyak = 50 𝜇m = 50 x 10-6 m
𝜌 minyak = 900 kg/m3
2𝜋
𝜔 = 1600 rpm = 1600 x = 167,47 rad/s
60
r centrifuge = 39 mm = 0,039 m
𝜇 air = 0,8 x 10-3 Ns/m-2
𝜌 air = 1000 kg/m3
𝑑𝑟
Ditanya: dan kecocokan antara nilai Re dan regionnya?
𝑑𝑡
Asumsi di Region A (10−4 < Re' < 0.2)
Hukum Stokes
𝜋 3 2
𝑑𝑟 𝜋 3 𝑑2 𝑟 a = 0 karena mencapai
𝑑 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 = 𝑑 𝜌𝑠 2 terminal velocity (σ 𝐹 = 0)
6 𝑑𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 𝜋
Jadi, 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 = 𝑑3 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2
𝑑𝑡 6
𝜋 3
𝑑𝑟 𝑑 𝜌𝑠 −𝜌 𝑟𝜔2
= 6
𝑑𝑡 3𝜋𝜇𝑑
𝑑𝑟 𝑑 2 𝜌𝑠 −𝜌 𝑟𝜔2
=
𝑑𝑡 18 𝜇
𝑑𝑟 (50𝑥10−6 )2 1000−900 3,9𝑥10−2 (167,47)2
=
𝑑𝑡 18 (0,8𝑥10−3 )
𝑑𝑟 2,734𝑥10−4
= = 0,019 m/s
𝑑𝑡 1,44𝑥10−2
Asumsi di Region A (10−4 < Re' < 0.2)
𝑑𝑟
𝜌 𝑑𝑡 𝑑
Re =
𝜇
900 0,019 50𝑥10−6
Re = = 1, 069
0,8𝑥10−3
2
𝜋 3 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 2
𝑑 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 + 0.055𝜋𝑑 2 𝜌 =0 𝑑𝑟 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌
6 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑢02 = 3𝑑𝑟𝜔2
𝑑𝑡 𝜌
𝜋 3 2
𝑑𝑟 2
3𝑑𝑟𝜔2 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌
𝑑 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔 − 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 + 0.055𝜋𝑑 𝜌 =0
6 𝑑𝑡 𝜌
𝑑𝑟
0,00167 𝜋𝑑 3 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 = 3𝜋𝜇𝑑 Didapat dari rumus gerak
𝑑𝑡 partikel di medan gravitasi
0,00167 50 × 10−6 2
1000 − 900 3,9 × 10−2 167,47 2
𝑑𝑟
=
3(0,8 × 10−3 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝒅𝒓
= 𝟎, 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
𝒅𝒕
Asumsi di Region B (NS) (0.2 < Re < 500 - 1000)
𝑑𝑟
𝜌 𝑑
Re = 𝑑𝑡
𝜇
2 2
𝜋 3 𝑑𝑟 𝜋 3 𝑑2𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌
𝑑 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 − 0.055𝜋𝑑 2 𝜌 = 𝑑 𝜌𝑠 2 = 3𝑑𝜔2 𝑟
6 𝑑𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜌
2 2
𝜋 𝑑𝑟 𝜋 𝑑𝑟 1000 − 900
0.22 𝑑 2 𝜌 = 𝑑 3 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 = 3 50 × 10−6 167,47 2
3,9 × 10−2
4 𝑑𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡 900
𝑑𝑟
𝜋 3 = 𝟎, 𝟏𝟑𝟓 m/s
2
𝑑 𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌 𝑟𝜔2 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 6
= 𝜋
𝑑𝑡 0.22 𝑑 2 𝜌
4
Asumsi di Region C (500–1000 < Re' < 2 × 105 )
𝑑𝑟
𝜌 𝑑
Re = 𝑑𝑡
𝜇