CLINICAL ASPECT
Apa itu Kanker Serviks ?
Kanker Leher Rahim :
Adalah kanker yang terjadi pada leher rahim (serviks)
The Adam Health Illustrated Encyclopedia, A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also
known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission
Global
Asia Pasific
Indonesia
1 Wanita Meninggal
Karena Kanker Serviks
IARC.GLOBOCON 2012
SETIAP 1 JAM 1 WANITA di INDONESIA MENINGGAL
KARENA KANKER SERVIKS!
IARC.GLOBOCON 20122
Kejadian dan tingkat kematian meningkat!!
Kasus baru : 20.928/tahun, Tingkat kematian :
9.498/tahun
(Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara)
1).IARC.GLOBOCON 2012
2). Mochtarom M. Data registrasi Kanker Ginekologik. Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi.RSUPN /FKUI, Jakarta 1992
3). IARC, Globocan 2002 database; Summary table by Cancer 2002. http://www-dep.iarc.fr/top.htm.Accessed Feb 1, 2007
Apa Gejala Kanker Serviks?
Pendarahan yg tidak normal
Pendarahan sesudah melakukan hubungan intim
Pendarahan abnormal (diluar waktu haid)
Pendarahan sesudah menopause
Kelainan pada vagina ( keluarnya cairan
kekuningan, berbau )
Gejala lain
Sakit / nyeri pada pinggul
Sakit / nyeri pada kaki
HPV 6
HPV 16
HPV 18 HPV 11
~100% Kutil
Kelamin1,3 Kanker
Tipe kanker High risk group- Anal1-3 80+% Tipe non-kanker
16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51, grup low risk – 6,11.
52,56,58,59,68,73,82
Percentages represent cases attributable to HPV infection
1.Braaten KP et al. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1:2–10.
2.Hoots BE et al. Int J Cancer. 2009;124:2375–2383.
3.IARC. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Human papillomaviruses. Vol 90. Lyon, France: IARC, 2007.
Beberapa faktor mempermudah infeksi
HPV
Respiratory
papilomatosis
1. F.Xavier Bosch et al. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2006) 94 (Supplement 1), S8-S21;
2. Sonnex X et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections 1999 Oct;75(5):317-9
Perjalanan Penyakit Kanker Serviks
Screening
MASALAH INDONESIA
Operasi
Radiasi
Khemoterapi
Kombinasi
Tujuan Terapi
Kuratif
Supportif
Paliatif
Jenis Terapi
Terapi Utama
Terapi Ajuvan
Tes Pap
IVA
colposcopy
Rekomendasi WHO :
Vaksinasi sebagai pencegahan utama penyakit
terkait HPV
Secondary
prevention:
Screening
and treatment
of precancers1,2
Primary prevention:
Vaccination 1,2
World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund. Preparing for the Introduction of HPV Vaccines: Policy and Programme Guidance for Countries. World Health Organization; 2006.
US FDA. FDA Licenses New Vaccine for Prevention of Cervical Cancer and Other Diseases in Females Caused by Human Papillomavirus. Available at
http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01385.html.2006. Accessed October, 2007.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 344. ObstetGynecol. 2006; 108 : 699 – 705
Categories for VIA tests results:
Acetowhite area far from squamocolumnar junction
(SCJ) and not touching it is insignificant.
Acetowhite area adjacent to SCJ is significant.
Negative Positive
VIA-positive
Lesion(s) is not suspicious for cancer
Lesion(s) occupies less than 75% of the area of
the cervix
Lesion(s) does not extend onto the vaginal wall
There is no anatomical deformity, such as the
cervix being scarred and adherent to the vaginal
wall
Lesion(s) extends less than 2 mm beyond the
outer diameter or the inner tip of the
cryotherapy probe
Papanicolaou Test