Wilayah Kerja
Batasan wilayah tempat pelaksanaan tugas & fungsinya,
ditetapkan oleh dinkes kab/kota. Biasanya 1 kecamatan;
bila 1 kecamatan ada 2 Puskesmas/lebih tanggung jawab
dibagi antar Puskesmas dgn memperhatikan keutuhan
konsep wilayah (Desa/kelurahan atau RW).
Puskesmas
Fungsi
• Pusat penggerak pembangunan berwawasan kesehatan
• Pusat pemberdayaan masyarakat
• Pusat pelayanan kesehatan strata pertama, meliputi :
Pelayanan kesehatan perorangan (private goods)
Pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat (public goods)
TATA KERJA
Bupati
Dinkes Kab/Kota
RSUD
OUTCOME
Pasien
sembuh/cacat/ mati
FEED BACK
Solusi masalah
kesehatan
Good Governance Lingkungan
Pertumbuhan Rumah Sakit
Persaingan Global
Investasi Tinggi Potensi/
Operasional kompleks Tantangan Peluang
Besar
Persepsi Peran R.S
Manajemen Rumah Sakit
- Produk R.S Jasa layanan (kesehatan, penunjang kesehatan &
administratif)
Karakteristik jasa :
Tidak berwujud
Pelanggan terlibat dalam proses produksi
Sulit dievaluasi
Umumnya tidak mempunyai persediaan & irreversible
- Pelanggan R.S :
Internal (dokter) & eksternal (pasien)
Pasien tidak tahu apa yg dibutuhkan
Pasien tidak dalam posisi memilih/menentukan
Informasi pasien terbatas & searah
Kepuasan pelanggan mutu pelayanan
Manajemen Rumah Sakit
- Lingkungan Rumah Sakit :
Padat Karya (sumberdaya manusia)
Kaya dgn berbagai profesi yg sangat slg tergantung
namun tdk dpt digantikan
Masing-masing profesi memiliki standar prosedur
operasional & kode etik
Padat modal
Berbagai variasi teknologi yg sangat spesialistik berasal
dari investasi tinggi
Lingkungan kerja
Berlangsung terus-menerus, dibatasi waktu namun
menuntut ketelitian tinggi
Manajemen Rumah Sakit
- Perencanaan
Analisis komprehensif (strength, weaknesses, opportunity,
threat; baik internal maupun eksternal)
Visi-misi-strategi pencapaian
Bersifat menyeluruh (man, money, material, method,
machine, market)
Jangka pendek-menengah-panjang
- Pengorganisasian
Pemimpin dgn wawasan yang luas (aspek manajerial dan
kesehatan)
Mengedepankan teamwork (leader-followership), meng-
utamakan manajemen partisipatif & mengurangi konflik
Manajemen Rumah Sakit
- Penggerakan
Fokus pada pelayanan pelanggan
Mengedepankan efisiensi tanpa melupakan HAM
Menyeimbangkan fungsi sosial dgn ekonomi
- Evaluasi
Dilakukan secara rutin dan berkala
Komprehensif (input, proses, output dan dampak)
Evidence-based
Emergency care
• Emergency care is provided by all levels of
services, from the primary tohighly specialized,
tertiary facilities.
• Puskesmas without beds only provide emergency
services during opening hours, while those with
inpatient facilities provide 24/7 emergency
services.
• All emergency care units in hospital or puskesmas
are expected to provide emergency care within
five minutes of the patient arrival
Pharmaceutical Care
• Pemerintah bertanggung jawab terhadap
akses obat esensial
• Ada 202 Pabrik obat di Indonesia
• JKN??
• Daftar obat nasional DOEN, FORNAS
• Pengadaan via e-katalog
Rehabilitation/Intermediate Care
• physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech
therapy and orthotics/prosthetics
• Hospitals, puskesmas, community-based
Long term care
• The need for long-term care in Indonesia is small
but increasing with the increasing numbers of
older persons and the prevalence of chronic,
mainly noncommunicable diseases
• In Indonesia, the traditional concept of family or
extended family members taking informal care of
the elderly or disabled family members has
started to shift with the changes in social values,
the shift to nuclear family structures and
increasing mobility of younger Indonesians in
search of employment.
Service for Informal Care
• Pmo TB
• Pmo HIV
• Pmo penyakit lain??
Palliative care
• Started in Indonesia on 90’s
• Support cancer patients by reducing the pain
they experience, prolonging life and improving
the quality of life, while providing support to
families.
Mental Health Care
• Basic mental health services have been
integrated into general health services in
puskesmas and their networks, pratama
clinics, etc
• 1990’s psychiatrist specialist puskesmas,
mental hospital, general hospital
• Some psycotropic drugs are not covered by
JKN usually through government budget
Changed in mental health policies
• change from hospital-based to community-based
services.
• provision of mental health services at all existing
health-care facilities.
• the services rely on ambulatory care rather than
hospitalization.
• mental health patients should be empowered.
• at least one mental health facility as well as
community-based mental health services
Dental Care
• strategic plan to develop dental and oral
health are promotion, prevention and basic
dental health services in puskesmas and
puskemas pembantu; hospital, school,
community and private sector
• 2011 ahli gigi dilarang
• JKN model pembayaran kapitasi di
puskesmas/klinik pratama
Complementary and alternative medicine
(CAM) and traditional medicine
• Indonesia possesses its own tradition of
indigenous medicine
• Regulation by bpom
• Dukun, dukun bayi lebih dipercaya di daerah
tertentu
• Kemenkes membuat kebijakan dengan
membuat program pembantu kelahiran
tradisional bekerja sama dengan bidan
Health services for specific populations
• There are no special services for specific
populations in Indonesia.
• Health-care services for specific populations, such
as sex workers and people living with HIV are
provided in public health facilities.
Health Reform in Indonesia
Diskusi
• Permasalahan yang terjadi setelah dilakukan
reformasi di bidang kesehatan?
Perkembangan sistem kesehatan
Indonesia di masa depan
• Use of telemedicine
• Distribution of health workforce
• International mobilization of workforce
• Strengthening the role of provincial and
district health offices
• More legislation