PELURUHAN

ALFA

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“ Pada tahun 1896, Becquerel telah menemukkan gejala radioaktivitas pada
bahan radioaktif alam. Curie dan Rutherford menemukkan bahan pemancar
radiasi alfa. Struktur nuklir pada peluruhan alfa ini mempresentasikan
keadaan inti atau disebut juga sebagai partikel alfa
“

Bacquerel Curie Rurherford

Definisi Peluruhan Alfa

Peluruhan alfa adalah salah satu bentuk peluruhan

radioaktif di mana sebuah inti atom berat tidak stabil
melepaskan sebuah partikel alfa dan meluruh menjadi inti
yang lebih ringan.Pada peluruhan alfa dipancarkan sinar
alfa yang terdiri dari partikel alfa, yaitu partikel yang
bermuatan listrik positif yang terbentuk di dalam inti atom
dan terdiri dari dua proton dan dua neutron
 Sifat-sifat Sinar Alfa
Bermuatan listrik positif Sinar α akan dibelokkan menuju
01 04 keping negatif jika dilewatkan
melalui medan listrik.
Daya tembus paling lemah
02 tetapi daya ionisasi paling 05 Kecepatan sinar α sekitar
kuat. 0,054c sampai 0,07c

Jika suatu atom memancarkan

03 s i n a r, m a k a n o m o r a t o m
berkurang 2 dan nomor massa 06
berkurang 4
Kesetaraan Energi
Kesetaraan Massa
Mx = My + M
Hukum kekekalan energi menjelaskan mengenai peluruhan mana yang paling
mungkin terjadi dan bagaimana menghitung energi diam atau kinetik dari hasil
peluruhan. Sebagai contoh, sebuah inti X hanya dapat meluruh menjadi sebuah
inti X’ yang lebih ringan

Selain itu, ia memancarkan pula satu atau lebih besar dari pada massa diam
total X’ + . Kelebihan energy massa inti kita sebut dengan nilai Q peluruhan:
Kesetaraan Energi
MN adalah massa diam inti (nucleus). Peluruhan ini hanya terjadi jika Q bernilai
positif. Kelebihan energy Q ini muncul sebagai energy kinetik partikel-partikel
hasil peluruhan (dengan menganggap X mula-mula diam):

Partikel alfa diperoleh dari peluruhan atom secara spontan, dimana:

Syarat peluruhan spontan atom yang meluruh

harus memiliki unsur
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