Teknologi Motor Bakar

Oleh:
Marsudi

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNESA
2013
 MESIN PENGGERAK MULA
(PRIME MOVER)
Mesin yang mula-mula mengubah energi
di alam menjadi energi mekanis
2 macam mesin penggerak mula

1. Heat engines = Pesawat kalori mesin ini

mengubah energi di alam dirubah
menjadi panas energi mekanis
2. Natural engines energi yang ada di alam
ini langsung dirubah menjadi energi
mekanis. Contoh: kincir angin, kincir air,
turbin air
Heat Engines (Pesawat Kalori)

steam engines
external combustion
turbines

Reciprocating Engine
internal combustion Rotary Engine
Linier Engine
 MOTOR PEMBAKARAN LUAR / EXTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE
PEMBAKARAN TERJADI DILUAR BAGIAN PENGHASIL DAYA.

Misal : TURBIN UAP

GAS BUANG
KETEL ( STEAM TURBINE )
UAP (
BOILERAIR
) PANAS AIR PANAS
ECONOMIZER
UAP
SUPERHEATER
UNIT PEMANAS
UAP KERING PENGHASIL
DRUM UAP AWAL
DAYA
TURBIN

POROS POMPA
AIR CAMPUR
UDARA
PIPA
AIR UAP AIR

KONDENSOR DE-AERATOR
RUANG BAKAR DRUM AIR
Internal Combustion Engine (Mesin
Pembakaran Dalam = pembakaranya
berlangsung di dalam mesin tersebut).
• Dari cara mengubah energi panas
menjadi energi mekanis dibedakan:

1. Reciprocating Engines (motor bakar

Torak)
2. Rotary Engines
3. Linier Engines
 Reciprocating Engines
(Motor Bakar Torak)
Dari cara pembakaranya dibedakan menjadi:
1. Spark Ignition Engines (Motor Bensin)
2. Compression Ignition Engines (Motor
Diesel)
BUSI (OTTO) / NOSEL (DIESEL)

POROS NOK POROS NOK

KATUP BUANG KATUP ISAP

SILINDER
BATANG TORAK

POROS ENGKOL POROS JALAN

 Dari cara kerjanya dibedakan Internal
Combustion Engine dibedakan
1. Motor 2 langkah
2. Motor 4 langkah
 Internal Combustion Engines
– multi-cylinder -
Cylinder layouts
 Internal Combustion Engines
– multi-cylinder -
Cylinder layouts inline

flat

V
Internal Combustion Engines
– multi-cylinder -
inline flat
„boxer”

V
 Internal Combustion Engines
– multi-cylinder -
Cylinder layouts
radial
Internal Combustion Engines
– multi-cylinder -
 Internal Combustion Engines

Valve operation
ROTARY ENGINES (MOTOR ROTARI)
1. MOTOR WANKEL
2. The Webb engine: 1853
3. THE JASPER EXPLOSIVE MOTOR: 1899
4. Paul Cornu (1881–1944)
5. The Umpleby engine: 1908
6. Virmel engine: 1966.
7. The Kauertz engine: 1967.
8. The Sarich Orbital engine 1972
 Mesin-mesin yang mengubah energi
panas menjadi energi mekanis secara
linier (Jet Propulsion Engine)
 Seven different types of jet
engines
 Turbojet
 Turbofan
 Turbo shaft
 Turboprop
 Pulsejet
X-15 with ramjet engine
 Ramjet
 Roket

Photo Courtesy of NASA

 CARA KERJA

Udara atmosfer (UA) masuk ke dalam kompresor (K) melalui titik 1. Udara
atmosfer dimampatkan oleh kompresor menjadi udara bertekanan tinggi di titik
2. Bahan bakar (BB) dimasukkan ke ruang bakar (RB) selanjutnya dilakukan
pembakaran. Proses pembakaran terjadi di ruang bakar menghasilkan gas
panas pada titik 3. Gas panas digunakan untuk memutar turbin (T) dan gas
buang (GB) dibuang ke atmosfer pada titik 4. Turbin dan kompresor dikopel
menunjukkan bahwa kerja turbin digunakan untuk memutar kompresor dan
sisanya menjadi energi yang berguna net & W untuk kebutuhan yang lain.
 1. Turbojet Engine
 Thrust produced by gasses expelled from the
exhaust nozzle
 Very noisy
 Used on high speed aircraft due to its small
size

Drawing Courtesy of Understanding Flight

 2. Turbofan
 Some of the thrust is produced by gasses expelled
from the exhaust nozzle just like a turbojet engine
 Most of the thrust is produced from the large inlet
fan
 The Bypass ratio of a turbofan is typically 8:1
(eight times more air is bypassed than passes
through the compressor and combustion
chamber)

Drawing Courtesy of Understanding Flight

 3. Turboshaft
 Exhaust gas is used to turn turbine
shaft which is then used to propel the
vehicle
 Exhausted gas produces little thrust
because most of the energy is used up
by the turbine

Drawing Courtesy of www.aircraftenginedesign.com

 4. Turboprop
 A turboprop is essentially a turboshaft
engine that is attached to a propeller
 A propeller is more efficient at low
speeds than a turbofan or turbojet

Drawing Courtesy of www.aircraftenginedesign.com

 5. Pulsejet
 Uses one-way reed valves in the front
of the engine to force exhaust gasses
out the rear of the engine and allow
fresh air in the front
 6. Ramjet
 Used for extremely high speeds
(minimum 400 mph)
 Doesn’t contain any moving parts
(I.e.compressor, turbine, reed valves)
 Relies on the inertia of the incoming air
for compression
 Used in the SR-71 Blackbird at supersonic
speeds
 7. Rocket

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
Solid Rocket

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
Rocket Thrust

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
 SEKIAN TERIMAKASIH
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