BAGIAN FISIOLOGI
FK UNILA
Myenteric plexus
Interneuron
Submucosal plexus
Longitudinal and
circular smooth muscle Mucosal epithelium
layers of the muscularis
Glandula saliva
◦ Secara normal ada untuk membasahi dan
membersihkan mulut
◦ Ketika makanan masuk fungsinya untuk percernaan
kimiawi
◦ Ada 4 kelenjar utama: parotis (serosa), submandibula
dan sublingual (serosa+mukus), bukal (mukus)
Lingual frenulum
Sublingual ducts
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
SUBLINGUAL GLAND Mylohyoid muscle
Salivasi
◦ Diatur oleh sistem saraf otonom
◦ Parasimpatis: sekresi
◦ Simpatis: menghambat sekresi
Gigi
◦ Organ aksesoris
◦ Utamanya terdiri atas: mahkota, akar, leher
◦ Gigi susu dan permanen
Apical foramen
Nerve
Blood supply
Sagittal section of a mandibular (lower) molar
Lower Teeth
Second molar (24–32 mo.)
T K
First molar (12–16 mo.) S L
R M
Cuspid or canine (16–24 mo.) Q P ON
Kimiawi
◦ Amilase mencerna KH: menyerap monosakarida,
bekerja terus sampai dihentikan oleh asam lambung
◦ Lipase mencerna trigliserida: aktivasinya oleh asam
lambung
Diaphragm
Fundus Tail
Pancreas
Body
Duodenum Pancreatic duct (duct of
Wirsung)
Mucosa of
duodenum
Major
duodenal
papilla
Absorptive cell
(absorbs nutrients)
Blood
capillary
Lacteal
Goblet cell
Lamina
(secretes mucus)
Mucosa propria
Intestinal
gland
Enteroendocrine cell
(secretes the hormones
Muscularis secretin,
mucosae cholecystokinin, or GIP)
Arteriol
Submucosa Venule
Paneth cell (secretes
Lymphatic lysozyme and is capable
vessel of phagocytosis)
Muscularis (c) Enlarged villus showing lacteal,
capillaries, intestinal glands, and cell type
◦ Elektrolit
Dari sekresi saluran cerna atau dari makanan
Natrium melalui transpor aktif
o Vitamin
Vitamin larut lemak A, D, E, and K absorpsi difusi sederhana
dan ditransportasikan melalui misel
Vitamin larut air juga melalui difusi sederhana
◦ Air
9.3L berasal dari minuman 2.3L, dan sekresi saluran cerna
7.0L
Kebanyakan diserap di usus halus
100ml dikeluarkan lewat feses
Air diserap secara osmosis
To blood
Amino acids Active transport or capillary of a
secondary active Amino acids villus
transport with Na+
Diffusion
Dipeptides
Secondary active
Tripeptides transport with H+
Chylomicron
Small
Heart short- Blood
Liver chain
capillary
fatty
acid
Hepatic
portal
Amino acid Lacteal
vein
Thoracic duct Monosaccharide Arteriole
Venule
Blood
Lymphatic vessel
Lymph
Saliva (1 liter)
Ingestion of liquids
(2.3 liters)
Gastric juice
(2 liters)
Bile (1 liter)
Pancreatic juice
(2 liters)
Teniae coli
ASCENDING
COLON
DESCENDING COLON
Teniae
Omental
coli
Ileum appendices
Mesoappendix
Haustra
Ileocecal
sphincter
(valve)
SIGMOID
COLON
CECUM RECTUM
VERMIFORM APPENDIX ANAL CANAL
ANUS
Anal canal
Pencernaan kimiawi
◦ Pencernaan tahap akhir melalui kerja bakteri
Fermentasi karbohidrat, memproduksi vitamin B dan
vitamin K
◦ Hanya mukus tanpa enzim
◦ Air yg tersisa diserap bersamaan dengan ion dan
vitamin
Openings
of intestinal glands
Absorptive cell
Intestinal gland
Lamina propria
Lymphatic nodule
SUBMUCOSA
Muscularis mucosae
Lymphatic vessel MUSCULARIS
Arteriole
Venule
Circular layer of muscle
Myenteric plexus SEROSA
Longitudinal layer of
muscle
Increasing
pH of gastric juice
Distention (stretching)
of stomach walls
Chemorecepto Receptors
rs and stretch
receptors in
stomach
detect pH
increase and
distention
Nerve
Input impulses
Control center Return to homeostasis
when response brings pH
Submucosal plexus of gastric juice and
distention of stomach
walls back to normal
(pre-eating status)
Nerve impulses
Output (parasympathetic)
Effectors
Parietal cells
secrete HCI and HCI
smooth muscle in
stomach wall
contracts more
vigorously
Increase in acidity of
stomach chyme; mixing
of stomach contents;
emptying of stomach
2. Stimulasi kontraksi di
otot polos dinding usus
dan relaksasi spinkter
ani interna