BAB 5

akkaka
Sistematika Pembahasan
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 Skala Ekonomi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Biaya

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir sejumlah Biaya tenaga kerja akan menjadi penentu terbesar
perusahaan bus telah berkembang pesat, sebagian dari keseluruhan biaya per mil bus. Dalam elemen
besar di akuisisi. Pada tahun 1996, lima kelompok tenaga kerja, tarif per jam, jam maksimum, dan
yakni First, Stagecoach, Arriva, National Express biaya pensiun akan menjadi penentu utama tingkat
Group dan The Go-Ahead Group menyumbang biaya.
sekitar 65,7 persen dari omset pasar bus Inggris
Perusahaan bus ingin mengoperasikan layanan dari
Tabel Pangsa pasar perusahaan bus besar d pukul 07.00 hingga 20.00 setiap hari. Untuk mematuhi
engan turnover di Inggris, 1996 peraturan jam pengemudi, diperlukan dua jeda.
Perusahaan kecil dapat mempekerjakan satu orang
Group % untuk seluruh shift, sehingga pembayaran hanya
First 22,1 untuk satu orang yakni untuk pensiun, Asuransi
Nasional, gaji, sakit dan liburan.
Stagecoach 15,1 Sebuah perusahaan besar dengan shift tujuh jam
Arriva 14,5 dan dua puncak permintaan yang memuaskan
dapat mempekerjakan dua pengemudi 07.00
Go-Ahead 8,3 hingga 14.00 dan 14.00 hingga 20.00. Sehingga
National Express 5,7 pembayaran untuk 2 orang.

65,7
Sumber: Monitor Bus Industri 1996, The TAS Partnership Limited
 Skala Ekonomi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Biaya

Sebuah penelitian di Newcastle menunjukkan Telah terbukti bahwa kendaraan baru dapat
bahwa cpbkm meningkat dengan persentase dari menarik lebih banyak pelanggan. Namun,
total km yang dioperasikan yang diwakili oleh tingkat kendaraan seharga £ 110.000 sekarang tidak akan
pelayanan dan dengan gaji mingguan pengemudi. menarik tujuh kali lipat jumlah penumpang atau
pendapatan dibandingkan dengan bus bekas
Operator bus kecil atau penyedia layanan sekolah dalam kondisi wajar seharga £ 15.000.
memiliki biaya lebih rendah per kilometer bus dan
margin keuntungan lebih tinggi daripada operator
layanan bus lokal besar. Ini sering disebabkan oleh
profil usia armada dan biaya administrasi yang lebih
rendah. Biaya pembelian bus akan bervariasi antara
perusahaan kecil dan besar.

Perusahaan bus kecil lebih sering membeli bus bekas

dibandingkan bus baru dan dirawat dengan baik
sehingga dapat memperpanjang usia pemakaian
bus.
 Pengaruh Ukuran Bus Terhadap Biaya

Secara umum, biaya langsung lebih murah untuk bus

kecil, satu-dek; ban lebih murah, konsumsi bahan
bakar lebih rendah, biaya modal lebih sedikit, dan
perawatannya lebih sederhana dan karenanya lebih
murah. Namun, karena tenaga kerja adalah biaya
utama dalam perusahaan bus, elemen inilah yang
akhirnya akan menentukan biaya per kilometer bus
dan elemen itulah yang harus diupayakan seefisien
mungkin.

Biaya tidak langsung menunjukkan premi asuransi

yang lebih rendah karena klaim lebih murah, ada
lebih banyak kecelakaan per kilometer tetapi kurang
serius, butuh ruang garasi yang lebih besar untuk
kendaraan-kendaraan.
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Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir

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